Humor builds the ground to share the common and the uncommon, to ease the uneasiness, to laugh at oneself and the other. It is amusing and rebellious, revealing the obvious from the obscure and challenging the unchallenged. The purpose of this Master thesis is to examine the subversive humor use within Deaf communities, centered around the hearing society, as well as to explore subversive humor’s role in reinforcing the Deaf identity and resisting the often assigned otherness. Taken the form of a case study this thesis analyses two examples: a short film The Kiss, produced by Charlie Swinbourne and the series of graphical drawings from Tais, created by Alícia Sort Leal. Using visual analysis and close reading as analytical methods as well as classical (Superiority, Incongruity, Relief) and contemporary (Reversal) humor theories, this thesis provides an insight into reflective and mirroring effects of humor.

Cette thèse se propose d’examiner l’ouverture au(x) monde (s) dans la poésie d’Andrée Chedid. Elle concentre son développement sur l’expérience et l’expression pathiques inscrites au cœur du texte et privilégie, dès lors, le pôle du sujet lyrique afin de mettre en évidence la résonance cosmopolitique de ses épanchements. En combinant les approches « lyricologique » et thématique, l’étude montre que les dimensions de l’expression lyrique, dans l’œuvre d’Andrée Chedid, ne s’enferment pas dans la traduction exclusive de la présence affective du sujet, mais l’inscrivent plutôt (au regard de sa trajectoire et de ses expériences) dans une projection permanente vers le(s) monde(s). Il s’agit alors de décomposer le lyrisme à travers les thèmes du souvenir et de l’intimité qui enracinent la parole poétique dans les mouvements de l’âme du sujet auctorial. Ainsi, grâce aux différentes postures énonciatives et des expériences du temps, de la mort et de l’existence, on voit que le sujet lyrique développe une forte empathie pour la condition humaine. Dans ce sens, sa décentration ouvre la voie à la coexistence harmonieuse avec l’alter ego et l’inscription de l’altérité dans le corpus apparaît alors comme l’un des fondements de la poétique de Chedid. À cet effet, ses œuvres, comme la plupart des textes francophones, déclinent un rapport étroit avec l’univers de référence. Par la traversée des paysages, l’étude dévoile la portée réaliste et utopique du monde que projette la poétesse ; et la thèse conclut qu’Andrée Chedid propose, par la littérature, les voies de renouvellement des possibles humains, d’une nouvelle espérance fondée sur l’éloge de la liberté, de l’amour, du rêve et de la vie. / Through the thesis: "Lyricism and cosmopolitanism in Chedid’s poetical works", we propose to look at the opening(s) world(s) in the poetry of Chedid. This thesis develops the pathic experience and expression at the heart of the text and therefore emphasizes on the lyrical pole of the subject so as to highlight the cosmopolitan resonance of her effusions. Through a combination of the "lyricological", theme and phenomenological approaches, the study shows that the dimensions of the lyrical expression in the work of Andrée Chedid, do not limit themselves to the exclusive presentation of the subject’s emotional presence, but rather writes it down (with respect to its trajectory and experiences) in a permanent projection towards world (s). Therefore, the idea is to split up lyricism through the themes of memory and intimacy which root the poetical word in the movements of the authorial subject’s soul. Thus, thanks to the different enunciation postures and experiences of time, death and existence, on can note that the lyrical subject develops a strong empathy for the human condition. In this sense, his “decentration” paves the way to the harmonious coexistence with the alter ego and the inclusion of the otherness in the body appears as one of the foundations of the poetics of Chedid. Thus, her works, like most Francophones texts, declined a close relationship with the universe of reference. By crossing the landscape, the study reveals the realistic and utopic impact of the world projected by the poet; and the thesis concludes that Andrée Chedid, through literature, suggests ways of renewal in human potential, of new hope based on the praise of freedom, love, dream and life.

My diploma thesis on the basis of intersectionality analyzes the social construction of "otherness" in etnically mixed partnerships and how does it manifests and influences the self- conception of Czech women that are in the mixed relationships. Further, it analyzes how the partners "otherness" affects the position of the women in the society. In my thesis I work with the concept of transmitted stigma, because the etnical otherness is not constructed on the horizontal differences, but contains also classifing and assesing aspects, which may situate the mixed patnerships to the positions of dis/advantage. For my qualitative research I have chosen semi-structured interviews with women, that were born and live in the Czech Republic and are or was in etnically mixed relationship. Key words: mixed partnership, stigma, otherness, etnicity, race, intersectionality

This article on the general operation of otherness which gathers five discursive particles is aimed to underscore the signification of each one of them. The first one, àshée, presupposes an earlier valid utterance then it introduces ist opposite as now valid. With gîdèe, the two utterances are produced by different subjects, the one under the scope of gîdèe being already valid, what the other subject ignored. As for ányáa, considered a previously constructed assertion, it modifies the content of the assertion by introducing a value of doubt. The two last particles also bring together two different occurences with many variations richer for àmmáa than for áy, which needs in addition the same utterer for the two utterances in opposition.

L'apostrophe est un marqueur de coénonciation et d'altérité dans le genre du discours les Questions au gouvernement. C'est une entité structurante incorporant soi-même et l'autre dans l'échange pendant l'exercice institutionnel Question / Réponse. Elle conforte la relation interpersonnelle préétablie par et dans la scène institutionnelle en déterminant les types de relations interpersonnelles sous-jacentes qui s'établissent entre les coénonciateurs dans la situation de face-à-face. / The apostrophe is a marker of coenonciation and otherness in the kind of the speech the Questions to the government. It is a structuring entity incorporating oneself and the other in the exchange during the institutional exercise Question / Answer. It consolidates the interpersonal relationship preestablished by and in the institutional scene by determining the types of subjacent interpersonal relationships which are established between the coénonciateurs in the situation of face-to-face discussion

La philosophie nous dit Pascal ne vaudrait pas même une heure de peine si elle ne rendait la vie moins tragique. Quoi de plus tragique que la maladie d’Alzheimer ? Cette maladie neurodégénérative va modifier l’ identité sédimentée depuis la naissance qui s’étiole au point de ne plus reconnaitre les visages familiers, de se perdre dans des endroits familiers, et ne plus être capable de parler, d’exprimer ses émotions. Comment interroger le sentiment d’exister ? Comment révéler le souffle de l’esprit qui murmure encore une envie de vivre ? Pour se sentir exister ne faut- il pas non seulement ressentir des émotions, mais les analyser, les communiquer et méta-communiquer ? Mais quand il s’agit de malades d’Alzheimer qu’en est-il puisqu’ils sont de-mens ? Pour que l’esprit se manifeste nous prendrons des chemins de traverse dans cette sollicitation sensorielle : le goût sera réveillé par le goût des autres, le toucher par cette main noueuse dans la notre et le toucher du cœur, la vue par le regard et la perception de soi, l’odorat dans les parfums de la mémoire, l’ouïe par les sons, les cris, la parole, la prosodie et la musique qui berce les chagrins et qui nous émeuvent. Autant d’interrogations que de questions d’éthiques du quotidien: Esprit qui es-tu ? Esprit es-tu là dans ce visage figé? Esprit es-tu là dans ces mots qui butent ?, dans ces traits d’humour, dans ces rêves ? Esprit es-tu là dans ce corps qui lui aussi se délite ? Cet être précaire, fragile et vulnérable interroge les limites, les frontières, les confins entre la de-mens-folie et la démence dégénérative, la philosophie, l’anthropologie et les sciences humaines et les trois spécialités médicales que sont la psychiatrie, la neurologie et la gériatrie. C’est dans ce tissage imparfait, dans ce travail d’équilibriste qui interroge, les lisières de l’altérité que nous forgerons notre concept d’ontologie des confins. Riche de ces partages qui viennent interroger les liens de l’esprit et de l’âme, du corps et de la chair, notre travail proposera, à la manière kantienne une anthropologie philosophique des patients atteints de la maladie d’Alzheimer et tentera de répondre à ces quatre questions : Que puis-je savoir? Que puis-je faire et comment faire? Que m'est-il permis d'espérer ? En partant de ce que nous percevons mais aussi de ce que « nous apercevons» nous conceptualiserons une éthique des petites perceptions reprenant ici les théories de Leibniz qui accorde à l’humain « la potentialité de la raison, une certaine raison par intermittence, une raison à éclipse », que l’on peut retrouver chez les malades d’Alzheimer, au point qu’elle soit imperceptible pour la plupart des hommes.Alors esprit es-tu là? La réponse jaillit pleine de surprises et de joies dans ces pages. / The philosophy says Pascal would not be worth even a sentence of time if it made the least tragic life. What could be more tragic than Alzheimer's disease? For this neurodegenerative disease will alter identity sedimented from birth that is fading to the point of not recognizing familiar faces, not to be able to perform simple gestures, to get lost in familiar places, and not being able to speak, to express emotions, out of the human world to take root in the plant world. How to query the sense of existence? How to reveal the breath of the spirit which still murmur and until the end. To feel alive must we do to be able to listen to oneself, not only feel emotions, but analyze, communicate and meta-communicate; but when it comes to Alzheimer's patients that is it because they are de-mens? What makes sense it is precisely the senses and emotions. For the spirit is manifest we will take short cuts in this sensory solicitation: the taste will be awakened by the taste of others, by touching this gnarled hand in our and touch the heart, view the look and self-perception, smell the scents in the memory, hearing by sounds, cries, speech, prosody and music that rocks the sorrows and that move us. So many questions that ethical issues of daily life: Spirit who are you? Spirit are you there in these words stumble? In those flashes of humor in these dreams? Esprit are you here in this body also disintegrates? This being precarious, fragile and vulnerable challenge the limits, borders, the borders between the de-mens-madness and degenerative dementia, philosophy, anthropology and humanities and three medical specialties such as psychiatry, neurology and geriatrics. It is in this imperfect weaving in this work balancing questioner, edges of otherness that we will develop our confines of ontology concept. Rich those shares that come to question the bonds of spirit and soul, body and flesh, our job offer, like Kant's philosophical anthropology of patients with Alzheimer's disease and attempt to answer these four questions: What do I know? What can I do and how to do? What may I hope? Starting from what we perceive but also that "we see" conceptualiserons us an ethical perceptions of small repeating here the theories of Leibniz which grants the human 'potentiality of reason, some reason intermittently, one reason to eclipse "that can be found in Alzheimer's patients, so that it is imperceptible to most men.So mind are you there? The answer springs full of surprises and joy in these pages.

This thesis studies Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 using Critical Discourse Analysis as the primary tool. It argues that the narrative develops through the supporting characters’ actions, and the different societal discourses of hegemony, otherness and class struggle they represent. Basing the analysis on Althusserian and Gramscian ideas and discussing citizen’s transformation from subjects to individuals, this study concludes that although a subject may be power-less and wary, it is by learning to act through being given information through discourse that personal development occurs.

This study scrutinises, from a critical perspective, how Swedish mainstream news media depict children and youths categorised as unaccompanied after the identified discursive shift in the late autumn of 2015, where a more hostile and negative reporting on refugees became even more prominent. In addition, it explores what different power structures that are made visible in the news reporting. This is made possible by scrutinising 40 articles from the major national newspapers in Sweden that have daily releases, the so called mainstream media. The critical discourse analysis is used as a method and theory in order to find a focus that is critical and questioning towards existing power structures. Additionally, it contains a focus on how borders and differences are created between certain groups of people by using theoretical perspectives on otherness and postcolonial theory. The study shows an ambivalent media picture and clearly makes unequal and hierarchical power structures visible through the use of different assumptions, accepted truths and journalistic techniques.

abstract: This doctoral dissertation analyzes the rendering of three complex concepts (otherness, alterity, and identity)—and their relationship— in three rewrites of William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet and The Tragedy of Macbeth from America’s Southern Cone (Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile). By embarking in a close reading of Interrogatorio en Elsinore (Carlos Manuel Varela), La señora Macbeth (Griselda Gambaro), and Yorick: la historia de Hámlet (Francisco y Simón Reyes), this dissertation approaches otherness, alterity, and identity in three of its multiple dimensions (ideological, gender, and artistic subjectivity of the translator/adaptator vis-à-vis the writer). While several studies have explored these three concepts separately and mostly from a cultural standpoint, this is the first one to show how they interact between one another through its representation in three rewrites of Shakespeare in Spanish from Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile. The cultures and history of the countries in which these three translations/adaptations are immersed are just a layer of this research. In addition to it—and loyal to the spirit of the texts being analyzed—this study takes advantage of other disciplines (translation studies, psychoanalysis, philosophy, and gender and communication theory, just to name a few) to analyze in depth and systematically what is implied in otherness, alterity, and identity. The interdisciplinary nature of this dissertation leads to valuable conclusions that can be of benefit, not only for the type of societies portrayed by the rewrites being studied, but for others as well. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Spanish 2019

Thesis is focused on attitudes of the 4th and the 5th grade pupils towards people with disabilities. Specifically it is the influence of influencing the manifestations of otherness on the cultivation of pupils' attitudes towards the issue. Thesis defines the manifestation and otherness of selected types of disabilities. In context of modify of pupils' attitudes, findings from the psychosocial development pupils in late middle childhood are summarized. Thesis also presents the personality of the class teacher from the perspective of the teacher's professional competencies. The aim of the thesis is to find out what are the attitudes of the 4th and the 5th grades of primary schools towards people with disabilities and whether the teaching process can modify the attitudes. Through a research survey 455 pupils from randomly selected primary schools in Prague, it was found that half of them have difficulty accepting otherness of people with disabilities. The least accepted group are people with mental disabilities. Thesis also presents a relations between positive attitudes of pupils and social proximit of people with disabilities, also realtions between the pupils' ignorance of the issue, low awareness and together with lower social proximity. Next it presents relations between the manifest otherness,...