O presente estudo investigou a conjugalidade e a parentalidade durante uma psicoterapia breve pais-bebê, em famílias em que a mãe apresentava depressão pós-parto. Participaram do estudo duas famílias com mães deprimidas, com base no Inventário Beck de Depressão e em uma entrevista diagnóstica. Os pais não apresentavam depressão. Foi utilizado um delineamento de estudo de casos, a fim de se analisar o processo de mudança ao longo de três momentos da psicoterapia: entrevistas iniciais, sessões de psicoterapia e avaliação final. Ao todo foram realizados 14 encontros com a primeira família atendida e 18 com a segunda. Todos os encontros foram filmados e transcritos para fins de análise, que foi baseada em duas categorias: conjugalidade e parentalidade. Os resultados revelaram que a conjugalidade e a parentalidade estavam sendo experienciadas com dificuldades pelas famílias atendidas. No entanto, isso não se traduziu necessariamente em interações disfuncionais entre a mãe e o bebê. Apesar das particularidades de cada família atendida, os resultados da psicoterapia foram bastante positivos, com relatos de mudanças tanto na conjugalidade como na parentalidade, já a partir da quarta sessão de psicoterapia. Nos dois casos também se observou que eventos significativos na história de vida das mães estavam intimamente relacionadas com as dificuldades após o nascimento do bebê, reforçando a importância de se considerar fatores relacionais durante o tratamento de mães deprimidas. As avaliações que se seguiram após a psicoterapia não revelaram depressão nas mães. A participação do pai na psicoterapia se mostrou muito relevante para a melhora de suas esposas, refletindo num aumento da satisfação conjugal. Além disso, ao se intervir durante um momento de crise na família, como a depressão após o nascimento de um filho, é possível evitar que padrões interativos disfuncionais sejam cristalizados. Discute-se o papel dos aspectos relacionais envolvidos na depressão, bem como a adequação da psicoterapia pais-bebê como um dos tratamentos possíveis para a depressão pós-parto. / The present study investigated conjugality and parenthood during a brief parent-infant psychotherapy, in families in which the mother had postpartum depression. Two families with depressed mothers participated in the study. Postpartum depression was assessed according to the Beck Depression Inventory and a diagnostic interview. The fathers didn’t have depression. A case-study design was used, in order to analyze the process of change in three moments of the psychotherapy: the initial interviews, the psychotherapy sessions and the final evaluation. The total number of meetings was 14 with the first family and 18 with the second. All meetings were filmed and transcribed in order to be analyzed, based on two categories: conjugality and parenthood. The results showed that conjugality and parenthood were being experienced with difficulties by the two families. However, did not result necessarily in dysfunctional interactions between the mother and the baby. Despite the particularities of each family, the results of the psychotherapy were very positive, with report of changes in both conjugality and parenthood from the forth session onwards. In both cases it was also observed that significant events in the mothers’ life history were intimately related to difficulties after child birth, reinforcing the importance of relational factors during the treatment of depressed mothers. The evaluations that were made after the psychotherapy did not show depression in the mothers. The fathers´ participation in psychotherapy seemed to be very relevant to theirs wives´ improvement, reflecting an increased marital satisfaction. Moreover, when intervening in a moment of crisis in the family, such as depression after childbirth, it is possible to avoid that dysfunctional interactional patterns be crystallized. The role of relational aspects involved in depression is discussed, as well as the adequacy of parent-infant psychotherapy as one of the possible treatments for postpartum depression.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho buscou investigar como se estabelecem e se criam os laços da família recasada a partir da experiência dos filhos a fim de compreender que tipos de interditos aparecem neste contexto e no que se baseiam. Para tal, foi preciso reunir material bibliográfico nacional sobre o recasamento e lançar mão da literatura francesa sobre a fratria neste contexto; foram feitas ainda entrevistas com sete filhos nesta posição; e uma breve ilustração com material midiático acerca do tema do recasamento. Pode-se concluir que as famílias de recasamento pesquisadas vivenciam algumas inconsistências sociais ao reunirem sob um mesmo teto valores ambíguos. O individualismo e o poder da escolha são mais possíveis para os adultos e há uma valorização do casal conjugal, que deve ser preservado. A partir dos estudos apresentados e da variabilidade de experiências de recasamento coletadas nas entrevistas, responde-se que há sim o interdito sexual nas famílias de recasamento com filhos adolescentes. Quer dizer, há também. Pois não é uma estrutura determinista e o surgimento dos interditos depende da combinação de múltiplos e variados fatores, sendo o projeto de família pensado e praticado pelo casal um dos mais relevantes. / This study aimed to investigate how remarried family establish and create ties from the experience of the children in order to understand what kinds of prohibitions appear in this context and in which they are based. To this end, it was necessary to meet national publications on remarriage and make use of French literature on the phratry in this context; interviews were done with seven children in this position; and a brief illustration with media material on the remarriage theme. It can be concluded that the families of remarriage surveyed experience some social contradictions to gather under one roof ambiguous values. Individualism and the power of choice are more likely to adults and there is an appreciation of the married couple, which must be preserved. From the studies submitted and the variability of remarriage experiences collected in the interviews, one responds that there is rather the sexual forbidden in the families of remarriage with teenage children. I mean, there too. It is not a deterministic structure and the emergence of prohibitions depends on the combination of multiple and varied factors, and the family project conceived and practiced by the couple one of the most relevant.

A guarda compartilhada era desconhecida até o ano 2000, no Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul (SIMIONI, 2007). Em 2014, a Lei 13.058 altera o Código Civil (2002) para dispor que o tempo de convívio com os filhos deverá ser dividido de forma equilibrada com a mãe e com o pai, sempre tendo em vista as condições fáticas e os interesses de crianças e adolescentes. No contexto legislativo brasileiro, houve uma ruptura com o padrão sistemático de atribuição da guarda às mulheres. Essa ruptura se reflete nas práticas de justiça? A partir dessa pergunta, essa tese demonstrou, com base em pesquisa empírica e revisão bibliográfica, que há uma invisibilidade das desigualdades de gênero, em relação às demandas judiciais de guarda de crianças e adolescentes. O conceito de gênero é a ferramenta analítica que articulou as representações e as práticas sociais e legais. A condição pós-moderna do direito possibilita o reconhecimento da diversidade de vivências familiares da contemporaneidade, não havendo mais espaço para um modelo de família universal. As contribuições epistemológicas trazidas pela teoria do reconhecimento são temperadas pelo ‘paradoxo legal brasileiro’ (KANT DE LIMA, 1995), em que a ordem constitucional igualitária é aplicada de maneira hierárquica pelo sistema de justiça. A dimensão moral em torno do reconhecimento da qualidade ou do status social de um homem-pai em demandas de guarda de crianças e adolescentes norteia o debate. As mudanças relativas às funções parentais contemporâneas apontam para um engajamento na parentalidade masculina a partir da confrontação e depreciação, da desconstrução do reconhecimento ao modelo de parentalidade feminina. / The shared custody was unknown until the 2000 year for the Court of Justice of the Rio Grande do Sul (SIMIONI, 2007). In the year of 2014, the Law 13.058 amending the Civil Code (2002), to provide that the time of acquaintanceship with the children must be divided in equal form for the mother and the father, always observing the factual conditions, and the interests of children and adolescents involved. In the brazilian legislative context, there was a rupture with the systematic pattern of attribution of custody to the women. Does this rupture reflects in justice's practices? Starting from this question, this thesis has demonstrated, based on empirical research and in bibliographic revision, that there is an invisibility of gender inequality, in relation to the lawsuits of custody of children and adolescents. The concept of gender is the analytical tool that has articulated the representations and the legal and social practices. The postmodern condition of law makes capable the recognizing of the diversity of family in the contemporaneity, and there is no more space for a model of universal family. The epistemological contributions, that were given by the Theory of Recognition, they are tempered by the ‘brazilian legal paradox’ (KANT DE LIMA, 1995), in which the egalitarian constitutional order is applied in hierarchical ways by the system of justice. The moral dimension on the recognition of quality or on the social status of a father-man in lawsuits of custody of children and adolescents directs the debate. The related changes to the contemporary parental functions lead to a commitment in male parenthood, starting from the confrontation and the depreciation, from the deconstruction of recognition to the model of female parenthood.

Le champ socio-professionnel circonscrit par la prise en compte éducative et sociale des surdités sévères et profondes congénitales est structuré par un clivage entre les courants gestualistes et oralistes apparu à la fin du XVIIIè siècle. Depuis la fin des années mille neuf-cent soixante-dix, sous les impulsions de la militance pour la « cause sourde » d'une part et des progrès technico-médicaux de l'autre, ce clivage s'est trouvé refondé dans celui distinguant une conception du sujet sourd, héritant du structuralisme en linguistique et en psychanalyse, d'une approche de l'individu déficient auditif marqué du positivisme des modèles biologiques appliqués à l'humain.Si l’indigence de la prise en compte de la complexité de la rationalité humaine par ce second paradigme fait l'objet de critiques tout aussi sévères qu'argumentées de la part du premier, la passion pour la langue des signes qui infiltre celui-ci l'inscrit aussi, par là même, dans la tendance sociale repérable comme celle d'un effacement de la spécificité de l'enfant.Bien au-delà d'ailleurs du contexte du handicap, on peut identifier que la langue des signes produit dans notre contemporanéité des effets de fascination amplement redevables aux échos qu'elle trouve dans la négativité – au sens de Jean Gagnepain – constitutive de la condition de l'Homme.Dans l'investissement de la langue des signes, ordonné par la militance pour la « cause sourde » et l'orientation se présentant comme oeuvrant à un bilinguisme, la question de l'imprégnation de la langue audio-orale communautaire et de son outillage par l’écrit figure enfin un point d’achoppement dont se démarquent les approches oralistes notamment renouvelées par la Langue française Parlée Complétée (LPC). / The socio-professional area is delimited by the social and educative ways of regarding the severe congenital deafnesses. It is structured by the split between the oralism and gestualism branches which appeared at the end of XVIIIth century. Since the end of the seventies, driven by parental and cultural militancies as well as technical and medical progress, this division has been refounded in a new one which sets apart two ways of seeing the deaf person. One derives from structuralism in linguistic and psychoanalyse and the other one from positivism of biological models applied to Human.The paucity of the second paradigm regarding the human rationality complexity is the target of serious as well as documented criticisms by the first one. However, the passion for the sign language which comes in the latter one puts it also, by the fact, in the social trend which erases the child specificity. Besides, far beyond the handicap context, the fascination for the sign language observed in our contemporaneity is fully indebted to echoes found in the human constitutive negativity – in the Jean Gagnepain's meaning.Finally the issues of impregnation by audio-oral community language and of its equipment by writing are sticking points in the sign language approach, ordered by campaigners for the deaf cause and considered as working for bilingualism. Conversely, oralism, especially when renewed by the Cued Speech adapted to French, gets free from these pitfalls.

O presente estudo investigou a conjugalidade e a parentalidade durante uma psicoterapia breve pais-bebê, em famílias em que a mãe apresentava depressão pós-parto. Participaram do estudo duas famílias com mães deprimidas, com base no Inventário Beck de Depressão e em uma entrevista diagnóstica. Os pais não apresentavam depressão. Foi utilizado um delineamento de estudo de casos, a fim de se analisar o processo de mudança ao longo de três momentos da psicoterapia: entrevistas iniciais, sessões de psicoterapia e avaliação final. Ao todo foram realizados 14 encontros com a primeira família atendida e 18 com a segunda. Todos os encontros foram filmados e transcritos para fins de análise, que foi baseada em duas categorias: conjugalidade e parentalidade. Os resultados revelaram que a conjugalidade e a parentalidade estavam sendo experienciadas com dificuldades pelas famílias atendidas. No entanto, isso não se traduziu necessariamente em interações disfuncionais entre a mãe e o bebê. Apesar das particularidades de cada família atendida, os resultados da psicoterapia foram bastante positivos, com relatos de mudanças tanto na conjugalidade como na parentalidade, já a partir da quarta sessão de psicoterapia. Nos dois casos também se observou que eventos significativos na história de vida das mães estavam intimamente relacionadas com as dificuldades após o nascimento do bebê, reforçando a importância de se considerar fatores relacionais durante o tratamento de mães deprimidas. As avaliações que se seguiram após a psicoterapia não revelaram depressão nas mães. A participação do pai na psicoterapia se mostrou muito relevante para a melhora de suas esposas, refletindo num aumento da satisfação conjugal. Além disso, ao se intervir durante um momento de crise na família, como a depressão após o nascimento de um filho, é possível evitar que padrões interativos disfuncionais sejam cristalizados. Discute-se o papel dos aspectos relacionais envolvidos na depressão, bem como a adequação da psicoterapia pais-bebê como um dos tratamentos possíveis para a depressão pós-parto. / The present study investigated conjugality and parenthood during a brief parent-infant psychotherapy, in families in which the mother had postpartum depression. Two families with depressed mothers participated in the study. Postpartum depression was assessed according to the Beck Depression Inventory and a diagnostic interview. The fathers didn’t have depression. A case-study design was used, in order to analyze the process of change in three moments of the psychotherapy: the initial interviews, the psychotherapy sessions and the final evaluation. The total number of meetings was 14 with the first family and 18 with the second. All meetings were filmed and transcribed in order to be analyzed, based on two categories: conjugality and parenthood. The results showed that conjugality and parenthood were being experienced with difficulties by the two families. However, did not result necessarily in dysfunctional interactions between the mother and the baby. Despite the particularities of each family, the results of the psychotherapy were very positive, with report of changes in both conjugality and parenthood from the forth session onwards. In both cases it was also observed that significant events in the mothers’ life history were intimately related to difficulties after child birth, reinforcing the importance of relational factors during the treatment of depressed mothers. The evaluations that were made after the psychotherapy did not show depression in the mothers. The fathers´ participation in psychotherapy seemed to be very relevant to theirs wives´ improvement, reflecting an increased marital satisfaction. Moreover, when intervening in a moment of crisis in the family, such as depression after childbirth, it is possible to avoid that dysfunctional interactional patterns be crystallized. The role of relational aspects involved in depression is discussed, as well as the adequacy of parent-infant psychotherapy as one of the possible treatments for postpartum depression.

A guarda compartilhada era desconhecida até o ano 2000, no Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul (SIMIONI, 2007). Em 2014, a Lei 13.058 altera o Código Civil (2002) para dispor que o tempo de convívio com os filhos deverá ser dividido de forma equilibrada com a mãe e com o pai, sempre tendo em vista as condições fáticas e os interesses de crianças e adolescentes. No contexto legislativo brasileiro, houve uma ruptura com o padrão sistemático de atribuição da guarda às mulheres. Essa ruptura se reflete nas práticas de justiça? A partir dessa pergunta, essa tese demonstrou, com base em pesquisa empírica e revisão bibliográfica, que há uma invisibilidade das desigualdades de gênero, em relação às demandas judiciais de guarda de crianças e adolescentes. O conceito de gênero é a ferramenta analítica que articulou as representações e as práticas sociais e legais. A condição pós-moderna do direito possibilita o reconhecimento da diversidade de vivências familiares da contemporaneidade, não havendo mais espaço para um modelo de família universal. As contribuições epistemológicas trazidas pela teoria do reconhecimento são temperadas pelo ‘paradoxo legal brasileiro’ (KANT DE LIMA, 1995), em que a ordem constitucional igualitária é aplicada de maneira hierárquica pelo sistema de justiça. A dimensão moral em torno do reconhecimento da qualidade ou do status social de um homem-pai em demandas de guarda de crianças e adolescentes norteia o debate. As mudanças relativas às funções parentais contemporâneas apontam para um engajamento na parentalidade masculina a partir da confrontação e depreciação, da desconstrução do reconhecimento ao modelo de parentalidade feminina. / The shared custody was unknown until the 2000 year for the Court of Justice of the Rio Grande do Sul (SIMIONI, 2007). In the year of 2014, the Law 13.058 amending the Civil Code (2002), to provide that the time of acquaintanceship with the children must be divided in equal form for the mother and the father, always observing the factual conditions, and the interests of children and adolescents involved. In the brazilian legislative context, there was a rupture with the systematic pattern of attribution of custody to the women. Does this rupture reflects in justice's practices? Starting from this question, this thesis has demonstrated, based on empirical research and in bibliographic revision, that there is an invisibility of gender inequality, in relation to the lawsuits of custody of children and adolescents. The concept of gender is the analytical tool that has articulated the representations and the legal and social practices. The postmodern condition of law makes capable the recognizing of the diversity of family in the contemporaneity, and there is no more space for a model of universal family. The epistemological contributions, that were given by the Theory of Recognition, they are tempered by the ‘brazilian legal paradox’ (KANT DE LIMA, 1995), in which the egalitarian constitutional order is applied in hierarchical ways by the system of justice. The moral dimension on the recognition of quality or on the social status of a father-man in lawsuits of custody of children and adolescents directs the debate. The related changes to the contemporary parental functions lead to a commitment in male parenthood, starting from the confrontation and the depreciation, from the deconstruction of recognition to the model of female parenthood.

L'offre de soutien à la parentalité est aujourd'hui multiple. Pourtant nombre de parents en situation de vulnérabilité ne la sollicite pas. Outre les logiques de prévention de la délinquance ou de l'aide sociale à l'enfance, il est nécessaire en France de développer l'évaluation des programmes qui accompagnent et valorisent les compétences éducatives des parents (parentage). A la suite de l'étude de Steen et al. (2012), cette recherche-action évalue, auprès de 77 parents en situation de vulnérabilité, le programme « Etre Parent de Jeunes Enfants » (EPJE) conçu par Terrisse et Pithon (2008). Il s'agit plus particulièrement d'en cerner les effets sur l'évolution des connaissances et du sentiment de compétence parentale, selon la modalité d'accompagnement des parents (en entretien ou en groupe), leur genre ou leur origine culturelle (française ou maghrébine). Les résultats quantitatifs mettent en évidence une progression significative des connaissances et du sentiment de compétences en 15 heures de formation, mais ne dégagent pas de différences significatives selon le genre ou les origines culturelles étudiées. Les analyses qualitatives, par contre, soulignent certaines spécificités : l'entretien permet une meilleure prise en compte personnalisée de la singularité de chacun ; la formation en groupe favorise le lien de participation élective (Paugam, 2008).Les recherches menées sur ce programme confirment sa pertinence auprès de parents en situation de vulnérabilité. Les préconisations sur les modalités de formation à mettre en œuvre réserveraient plutôt l'entretien pour un soutien en prévention secondaire voire tertiaire et le groupe plutôt pour la prévention primaire.Mots clés : parentalité ; sentiment de compétence parental ; vulnérabilité; entretien ; groupe ; culture ; / The offer of support to parenthood is now multiple. Nevertheless many parents in situations of vulnerability do not solicit it. In addition to the logic of delinquency prevention or social assistance to childhood, France has to develop the evaluation of programs that help and enhance the skills of the parents in education (parenting). As a result of the study by Steen et al. (2012), this action-research evaluates, with 77 parents in situations of vulnerability, the "Being Parent of young children" (EPJE) program designed by Terrisse and Pithon (2008). This research tries to identify the evolution of knowledges and feeling of parental competence, according to the training modalities (personal interview or group training), their gender, or their cultural origins (French or North African). Quantitative results highlight a significant increase of the knowledge and feeling of parental competence after 15 hours training, but no significant differences depending of cultural origins. On the other hand, qualitative analyses emphasize some specificity such as: the personal interview allows a better social support of each one and the group fosters the elective participation link (Paugam, 2008). This research confirms the relevance of this program to parents in situations of vulnerability. The recommendations on the training modalities to implement this program would be to use the personal interview for secondary, or even tertiary prevention, and the group for primary prevention.Keys words: parenthood; feeling of parental compétence;vulnerability; personal interview; Group; culture;

Cette thèse cherche à savoir ce qui se joue psychiquement chez la femme en grossesse et séropositive dans l’après coup de l’annonce de sa contamination par le VIH. Nous partons du fait que la grossesse est une période particulière. Au cours de celle-ci, la femme est sujette à des transformations aussi bien physiques que psychiques. Ces dernières marquent le processus de parentalité. Nous nous interrogeons donc sur les processus psychiques de la femme qui découvre sa séropositivité au cours de la grossesse. La thèse s’appuie sur les approches clinique et anthropologique. La première citée nous permet de mettre en lumière les processus et mécanismes psychiques auxquels ont recours les femmes enceintes et séropositives que nous avons rencontrées. La seconde nous amène à comprendre l’importance de l’enfant et de la maternité au Gabon pour ensuite vérifier que la femme qui fait l’objet de ce travail se représente son bébé à naître comme cela est le cas dans le pays ci-dessus cité. La complémentarité des deux approches constitue un moyen intéressant pour la compréhension de ce que la femme met en place pour faire face au VIH et poursuivre sa maternité.Les outils utilisés pour le recueil des données sont :• Un entretien semi-directif inspiré du questionnaire du CREA sur l’étude des représentations maternelles.• Le deuxième est l’entretien cris et pleurs de B Lester. • Le troisième et dernier est le dessin du bébé. Les données obtenues grâce aux outils ci-dessus, sont complétées par celles des entretiens que nous avons eus avec les médiatrices qui, au quotidien, suivent les femmes enceintes et séropositives dans les SMI. Après obtention des résultats, leur interprétation et analyse, il ressort que la femme enceinte et séropositive qui reçoit l’annonce de sa séropositivité au cours de la grossesse crée et construit un enfant que nous appelons « le divin-enfant-grigri ». Cet enfant dans son imaginaire est un don de Dieu. Il restaure sa mère narcissiquement. La femme en grossesse et séropositive se représente son enfant et elle se projette avec lui imaginant pour ce dernier un avenir meilleur que le sien. Cependant, la situation n’est pas aussi simple que ces lignes peuvent le laisser croire. La femme en grossesse et séropositive est dans un état de détresse. Le matériel montre la difficile cohabitation du VIH et du fœtus, le premier venant parasiter la rêverie maternelle. C’est de ce dernier (VIH) que cherche à se défendre la femme séropositive, et pour y parvenir, elle crée le « divin-enfant-grigri ». / This thesis seeks to know what is playing psychologically in a pregnant HIV- positive woman after the announcement of her being HIV infected. We start from the fact that pregnancy is a special time during which a woman is open to both physical and psychological changes.The thesis is based on clinical and anthropological approaches. The first quoted approach enables us to highlight psychological processes and mechanisms that the surveyed pregnant HIV- positive women use. The second helps us understand concepts of motherhood and child in Gabon. Furthermore, it allows us to verify the representation by a woman of her unborn baby as is the case in Gabon. The complementarity of the two approaches is an attractive way to understand what a woman plans to cope with HIV and carries on being a mother.The tools we have used for data collection are:• A semi-structured interview based on the CREA questionnaire on the study of maternal representations.• The second is the shouting-and-crying interview by Lester B,• The third and the last one is the drawing of the baby.The data we have obtained from these tools are supplemented by interviews we had with the mediators who follows pregnant HIV-positive women in MCH centres.After obtaining the results, their interpretation and analysis show that a pregnant HIV-positive woman, informed of her HIV status during pregnancy, creates and builds up the "divine grigri child." In her imagination, this child is a gift from God, and cannot thereby be contaminated. The child is also a narcissistic generator to his mother as he restores her. The pregnant HIV-positive woman imagines being her child, and projects with him in a dream for the latter to have a better future, far better than her own. However, the situation is not as simple and easy as these lines can suggest. The pregnant HIV-positive woman is in distress. The material shows an unaccommodating cohabitation of the fetus and the HIV. HIV is parasitical upon the mother’s reverie. It is the latter that the woman seeks to escape by creating the "divine grigri child."

Factors influencing adjustments in the transition to parenthood are identified and strategies for support in Britain and the USA are reviewed through participant-observation of 20 USA programmes (N=94 parents). A longitudinal British study, using a wide range of self report measures and in-depth interviews at three time points (1) examined key features of the transition to parenthood for a low risk sample of women (N=106) and men (N=106), and compared adjustments of 52 couples who participated in a new support programme with 54 couples who did not. The programme combined a group-based and home visit model which either began in pregnancy and continued postnatally, or began postnatally. The programme focused on the psychological dimensions of the transition to parenthood, with the intersubjectivity of the couple and parent-infant relationship at the core of the integrative model. Evidence is provided that the transition to parenthood is more complex than previous studies assume. A substantial number of the "low risk" women and men appeared to experience psychological distress and the main concern of women and men were different from the agenda of hospital based antenatal classes. A number of gender differences were found but partners were the main source of support for women and men. Women and men in the support group were comfortable to disclose explicit details about their experiences. At 6 months postnatally, their adjustments were more positive than women and men on the control for aspects of (a) confidence as a parent; (b) satisfaction with the couple relationship ; (c) satisfaction with the parent-infant relationship; (d) coping strategies, and (e) separation anxiety. Implications for theory, research and practice are discussed.

Cette thèse porte sur l’émergence d’une figure hégémonique de « bonne » mère dans les séries télévisées françaises et sur les impératifs à caractère injonctif qui la caractérisent. Cette recherche en sciences de l’information et de la communication adopte une démarche au croisement de la sociologie des médias, des Cultural studies et des études de genre. Elle s’appuie sur un corpus de séries familiales, produites et diffusées par les chaînes historiques françaises entre 1992 et 2012, constitué à l’aide des outils de l’Inathèque. La méthodologie et le cadre théorique fournissent le socle à une analyse des représentations fictionnelles de la parentalité, de ses discours et des politiques de représentations à l’œuvre.L’analyse qualitative du corpus montre que ces fictions mettent en avant une figure valorisée et légitimée de « bonne » mère. Cette figure consensuelle se caractérise par des impératifs de responsabilité, de communication, de disponibilité, d’amour, de réflexivité ou encore de culpabilité. L’articulation des identités féminines et maternelles se fait sous contrainte, tant la maternité vient phagocyter les autres dimensions identitaires des femmes devenues mères. L’exercice du métier de mère renvoie à des performances, de genre comme de parentalité, tant les héroïnes s’attachent à mettre en pratique les attendus d’une « bonne » maternité. Une approche intersectionnelle, enfin, permet de mettre en lumière que la « bonne » mère, de surcroît, est blanche, de classe moyenne ou supérieure, et hétérosexuelle. Cette thèse montre ainsi que les politiques de représentation à l’œuvre viennent réassigner les femmes à leur genre en faisant la promotion d’identités féminines centrées sur la maternité tout en transformant en injonctions les attentes normatives vis-à-vis de la maternité, participant par là à un mouvement de backlash. La maternité construite par ces fictions est hégémonique dans la mesure où elle est ponctuellement discutée et remise en question par des figures humoristiques contre-hégémoniques. Cependant, la transgression que pourrait constituer l’humour – nombre de ces séries sont des comédies – sert finalement une réaffirmation des normes de genre et de parentalité. Ces séries deviennent ainsi les complices de la promotion d’une parentalité policée et de la normalisation de la vie familiale. / This thesis deals with the emergence of a hegemonic mother figure in French TV series and its imperious exhortation. The research is based on a corpus of family TV series, produced and broadcasted by historic TV channels between 1992 and 2012, gathered with help of the INA (Audiovisual National Institute) archives. The qualitative analysis of this material is at the crossroads of information and communication sciences, media studies, sociology, cultural studies and gender studies. The methodology and the theoretical framework make up the basis for an analysis of fictional representations of parenthood, of its discourse and its politics of representation.The qualitative analysis shows a valuable and legitimated figure of « good » mother. This consensual mother is characterized by imperative duties such as duties of communication, responsibility, availability, love, reflexivity or guilt. The articulation between feminine and maternal identities is complex: the maternal dimension swallows up the other ones. The mother’s job becomes a performance of gender and of parenthood. Indeed heroines intend to perform the model of good mother along with the social expectations about motherhood. Intersectionality encourages us to consider the articulation of gender, race, class and parenthood. Thus, the “good” mother is also a White middle or upper class, heterosexual one. This analysis suggests a phenomenon of backlash against mothers. This thesis shows that the ongoing politics of representation reassign mothers to their gender by promoting women’s identities centred on motherhood; they turn normative expectations about motherhood into injunctions. These TV series construct a hegemonic motherhood that is discussed into the margins by counter-hegemonic and comic figures. However, the transgressive opportunity of humour eventually reaffirms the norms of gender and parenthood. These family TV series thus become abled allies for the promotion of a gendered and controlled parenthood. They support the normalization of family life.