The primary theme of the thesis is "paternity determination", an interesting part of private law. The goal of the thesis was to find juridical legislation that could be applied by legal institutions in the Czech Republic, and have been neither legally controlled nor properly spoken through. Also the thesis deals with surrogate motherhood institutes, same-sex parenthood, baby hatches and paternity determination of children, made by assisted reproduction. The thesis is divided into five chapters, which are divided further into sub-chapters. Following the introduction, the primary terms of parental difficulties, paternity determination and the term family are explored. The second chapter discusses motherhood institutes. It speaks primarily of surrogate motherhood's challenges, including other countries' attitude to this topic. The following chapter is about fatherhood determination, containing the juridical legislative analysis of the problem in the Czech law. The fourth chapter expands on the issues of same sex couple parenthood, and the forms of family coexistence. These issues are described in great detail from both the view of Czech law, and also as a global issue. The last chapter discusses the issues of baby hatches, and legislation regarding anonymity for those who utilize them in the Czech...

This thesis analyses social worker’s assessments of appropriate same-sex parenthood in the case of second-parent adoption in Sweden to thereby investigate the governmentality directed toward same-sex parents and how this governing practise normalises certain discourses on parenthood. The material consists of interviews with social workers conducting second-parent adoptions, which have been analysed through a discourse analysis deploying theoretical frameworks on governmentality, heteronormativity and family theory. The thesis has provided a deeper understanding of the effects of normative discourses on the exercise of public authority in the case of second-parent adoption. Great differences have been found among which criteria are used to condition same-sex parenthood and the impact of social workers own perceptions of suitable parenthood and the purpose of the assessment process.

Cette recherche propose d’étudier la transmission de l’attachement d’une génération à l’autre dans une population spécifique, ainsi que le rôle de la résilience dans cette transmission. Dans une approche psychodynamique et systémique, nous questionnons l’impact du passé de la première génération sur leur parentalité et sur leurs enfants. Nous nous appuyons sur deux postulats concernant la première génération. Le premier concerne le passé familial et le contexte du placement qui constituent une expérience traumatique. Selon le deuxième postulat, les personnes de notre corpus clinique sont inscrites dans un processus de résilience. La population est composée de 24 sujets de la première génération (G1) dont la particularité réside dans le fait que dans leur petite enfance, ils ont été séparés de leurs familles d’origine et placés. La recherche inclut également 20 sujets adultes (G2), qui sont des enfants des personnes placées (G1). Un entretien semi-directif et le test Ca-MIR de Pierrehumbert et al. (1996) représentent des outils principaux. Les données recueillies ont fait l’objet d’une analyse catégorielle, des traitements statistiques et d’une analyse avec le logiciel Alceste de Reinert (1993). Nos résultats confirment nos postulats et indiquent une nette amélioration de la qualité de l’attachement à la deuxième génération. Tandis que plus de 70% de la G1 sont insécures, 95% de la G2 utilisent la stratégie primaire sécure. Cependant, l’attachement des sujets ayant subi un trauma demeure invariable, malgré des relations ultérieures sécurisantes. La deuxième génération, bien que sécure, porte en elle la blessure faite au parent. Ces résultats nous amènent à reconsidérer la transmission intergénérationnelle de l’attachement et à ajuster le soutien à la parentalité proposé aux personnes ayant été séparées et placées durant leur petite enfance. / This study suggests studying the transmission of the attachment from one generation to another in a specific population, and the role of resilience in this transmission. In a psychodynamic and systemic approach, we observe the impact of the past of the first generation to their parenthood and to their children. Our research relies on two premises. The first is that the family history and the context of foster care is a traumatic experience. According to the second postulate, the people of our clinical corpus are founded in a process of resilience. Our population is composed of 24 subjects of the first generation (G1) whose peculiarity consists in the fact that in their infancy, they were separated from their families of origin and lived in a foster care. The research also includes 20 adult subjects (G2), who are children of the foster persons (G1).A semi-structured interview and the test of Ca-MIR Pierrehumbert et al. (1996) represent the main tools. The data collected were subject to a category-specific analysis, statistical processing and analysis software with Alceste Reinert (1993). Our results confirm our assumptions and indicate a marked improvement in the quality of attachment to the second generation. While over 70% of the G1 are insecure, 95% of the G2 use the secure primary strategy. However, the attachment of subjects who suffered trauma remains unchanged despite subsequent relations reassuring. The second generation, although secure, holds the injury done to the parent. These results lead us to reconsider the intergenerational transmission of attachment and to adjust the parenting support offered to the people who came from foster care.

The aim of this thesis is to examine how discourses on parenthood are articulated and negotiated by social workers in Sweden, in relation to handling legal parenthood after transnational surrogacy. The study is based on interviews with eight different social workers from different parts of Sweden. To interpret the material from the interviews, I use discourse theoretical framework – combined with an understanding of the social workers as street-level bureaucrats. Other particular theoretical perspectives that have been important in my research include theories on kinship, concepts of bodily and genetic citizenship and neo-liberal discourse. My study shows that different perceptions of certain key concepts (such as social-, bodily- or genetic family ties) underpin the discourses of parenthood, depending on context. In my research I have found that the process of deciding who is the legal parent of a child born through surrogacy, challenge the presumption of motherhood, and instead the genetic and intended father remains the certain parent of the child.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Cardoso Tasca.pdf: 1770107 bytes, checksum: 81c1ea7514178a5cc5a548a28c0e0902 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-18 / Contemporary life has demanded important changes in the parental psychodynamic. We have noticed parents more and more compromised with their work routine and, as a result, less available to their family life. In this context, in which the work has demanded an almost exclusive dedication, there comes the need of leaving their children at an even earlier age to the care of others, such as grandmother, babysitter, or school. Assuming that the way parents experience the enrolling of their children at school is one of the elements that contributes to the children s well-being at school, we have investigated the imaginative productions of parents about this process, in the search of affectiveemotional senses. We have used the Interactive Narrative as a procedure tool, which consists of a fictitious story made up by the researcher, in order to approach the parental imaginary about their children s school initiation, as an invitation to the participants to elaborate an overcome to the plot. The researcher has registered the encounters with the participants by means of a narrative that included her own impressions about the transferential movements. After the psychoanalytical consideration of the interactive narratives as well as the researcher s narrative, we found the following affectiveemotional fields: Motherhood doubt which embodies the mother s fears and doubts about the initiation process, and also the father s attitude in the face of maternal ambivalence. The field Not much necessary for you is related to the mother s difficulty in dealing with the child s autonomy. Daily bread , refers to the parental conflicts about the need of both, the father and mother to work, and the last one, Whas this the best moment? , which conveys the ambivalence between taking care and teaching. Considering the fields as a whole, we reach the complexity of the parent s feelings and the resulting ambivalence about being able to provide a good enough environment to the physical, psychological and social development of their children. / A vida contempor?nea tem demandado transforma??es importantes na din?mica da parentalidade. Percebemos pais cada vez mais comprometidos com seu cotidiano profissional e, consequentemente, menos dispon?veis para o conv?vio familiar. Nesse contexto em que o trabalho tem exigido uma dedica??o quase exclusiva, surge nos pais a necessidade de deixar os filhos cada vez mais precocemente aos cuidados de terceiros, como a av?, a bab?, a escola. Partindo do pressuposto de que o modo como os pais experimentam a inicia??o escolar de seus filhos seja um dos elementos que contribuem para o bem estar da crian?a na escola, investigamos as produ??es imaginativas de pais, em busca dos sentidos afetivoemocionais que acompanham esse processo de inicia??o. Como procedimento de investiga??o, utilizamos uma Narrativa Interativa, que consiste em uma hist?ria fict?cia elaborada pela pesquisadora, abordando o imagin?rio parental frente ? entrada do filho na escola, apresentada como um convite para que os participantes elaborassem um desfecho para a trama. A finaliza??o da narrativa interativa foi seguida de discuss?o sobre o tema investigado. A pesquisadora fez um registro narrativo dos encontros investigativos, acrescentando suas impress?es sobre os movimentos transferenciais que acompanharam o procedimento. Ap?s a considera??o psicanal?tica das Narrativas Interativas, em como do relato sobre os encontros entre participantes e pesquisadora, encontramos os seguintes campos de sentidos afetivoemocionais: D?vida materna que abarca os medos e d?vidas da m?e no que se refere ? inicia??o escolar, al?m do posicionamento do pai frente a ambival?ncia materna. Pouco necess?ria a voc? , ? um campo que se refere ? dificuldade da m?e em lidar com a autonomia do filho. O campo P?o nosso de cada dia nos coloca em contato com as ang?stias parentais despertadas pela necessidade de pais e m?es trabalharem. Finalmente, Era o melhor momento para voc?? que comunica o entrela?amento entre as tarefas de cuidar e educar. Tomados em conjunto esses quatro campos apontam para a complexidade de sentimentos parentais e a consequente ambival?ncia em rela??o ? pr?pria capacidade de prover um ambiente suficientemente bom para o desenvolvimento f?sico, emocional e social de seus filhos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:18:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 16 / Nenhuma / O tema dos direitos reprodutivos, tal como grande parte das demandas da atualidade, reveste-se de complexidade, seja por sua ligação com a biociência e tecnologia com sua dinâmica peculiar e seus ambíguos efeitos , seja por ter sua origem ligada às demandas feministas o que lhe predispõe a interpretações parciais e ou “partidárias”. A presente dissertação propõe-se, assim, a enfrentar o tema dos direitos reprodutivos levando em conta a complexidade que lhe é inerente, e que se manifesta de maneira explícita no exemplo adotado, do projeto monoparental feminino no qual a mulher solteira, utilizando-se de técnica de inseminação artificial com sêmen de doador, pretende formar uma família monoparental, composta apenas por mãe e filho, sem o estabelecimento de vínculo afetivo ou sexual com um homem. Na busca das repercussões éticas e jurídicas que emanariam do projeto monoparental feminino, a pesquisa parte de duas análises centrais: uma bioética, no primeiro capítulo, com o estudo dos modelos principialista e / The subject concerning reproductive rights, as most of the demands nowadays, is very complex, not only because of its links with biosciences and biotechnology with its particular dynamics and ambiguous effects , but also because of its origins in feminism which makes it very likely to partial and/or partidary interpretations. Therefore, the present dissertation intends to face the issue of reproductive rights taking into consideration its inherent complexity, which is very clear in the chosen example of the single woman project of parenthood in which a single woman, addopting the use of artificial insemination with a donor’s semen, has the intention to form a family composed only by a mother and a child, without establishing affective or sexual bonds with a man. Searching the ethical and juridical consequences that would arise from the single woman project of parenthood, this research starts from two main analysis: a bioethical one, in the first chapter, with emphasis in the principalist and personalist m

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Grasel de Figueiredo.pdf: 801075 bytes, checksum: 2042b3b8b2a19fa564dfe90c5dec0529 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this study was to comprehend and analyze how parents work through the process of their adult single children remaining in the parental home for an extended period. In contrast to past generations, there is a tendency in contemporary society for children to live for a longer period of time with their parents. In order to investigate this phenomenon, research was undertaken in the city of São Paulo, in which six couples were interviewed, being in each case parents with adult children between the ages of 27 to 35. The method used was qualitative research with the case study approach. The theoretical base employed involved systemic theory authors and researches and literature related to the subject. Through the data analysis of the interviews the categories were constructed to sistematise the subject and to correlate the research data. The knowledge developed with the data analyses demonstrated that these parents live at the same home with their adult children with little conflict. Parents describe the relationship with their adult children as a positive experience and they do not show significant preoccupations connected with the departure of the children from the parental home. The research also showed that the parental role is more in evidence than the marital role for these parents. It was verified that the professional success of the adult single children contribute for this concept observed in these parents, leading to a sense of accomplishment and success in the bringing-up of their children / Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender e analisar como os pais vivenciam o processo do prolongamento do tempo de permanência em casa do filho adulto solteiro. Em comparação com as gerações passadas, tem sido percebido atualmente em nossa sociedade que os filhos têm saído mais tarde da casa dos pais. Buscando investigar este fenômeno, foi realizada uma pesquisa na cidade de São Paulo na qual 6 (seis) casais de pais com filho na faixa etária dos 27 aos 35 anos, foram entrevistados. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em pesquisa qualitativa com delineamento no estudo de caso. A base teórica utilizada neste trabalho envolveu pesquisas e literatura que abordassem o tema, bem como autores da teoria sistêmica. Através da análise do conteúdo das entrevistas foram construídas categorias para sistematizar o tema e relacionar os dados encontrados. O conhecimento gerado demonstrou que os pais pesquisados vivenciam de forma tranqüila e sem conflitos o prolongamento do tempo de permanência em casa dos filhos, qualificando positivamente o relacionamento com o filho adulto e não demonstrando preocupação significativa quanto à saída do filho adulto solteiro de casa. Constatou-se ainda que estes pais vivem muito em função de seus papéis parentais e pouco dos conjugais. Foi percebido que o sucesso profissional dos filhos adultos solteiros contribui para a visão encontrada nos pais uma vez que gera um sentimento de vitória e dever cumprido nos mesmos

Studiens syfte var att beskriva och analysera familjevägledares professionella förhållningssätt, erfarenheter och upplevelser av mötet med föräldrar. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fem olika familjevägledare, yrkesverksamma på tre olika familjecentraler i en mellanstor kommun i Sverige. För att analysera intervjumaterialet har Giddens resonemang om moderniteten, Paynes resonemang om det sociala arbetets systemteoretiska tänkande samt Paynes kritiska perspektiv på socialt arbete, utgjort studiens teoretiska referensram. Resultatet visar att familjevägledarnas upplevda utmaningar är interkulturella möten, komplexa familjeförhållanden och ökad digitalisering. För att hantera dessa, innehar familjevägledarna inre och yttre handlingsberedskap, som utgör det professionella förhållningssättet. Inre handlingsberedskap innebär personliga erfarenheter, kunskaper samt inställning och synsätt gentemot föräldrar. Yttre handlingsberedskap innebär uttalade strategier såsom lösningsfokuserat arbetssätt och principen om barns bästa. Familjevägledarnas handlingsberedskap är vägledande för dem i deras yrkesroll, där de i stor utsträckning är sina egna redskap. Möjliggörande faktorer som familjevägledarna identifierar är familjecentralen som arena och en ökad digitalisering. Resultatet visar att familjevägledningen, som socialt arbete, främst är reflexivt-terapeutiskt och inbegriper systemteoretiskt tänkande. Flera modernitetsaspekter analyseras i resultatet, då de yttrar sig i såväl föräldrar levnadsvanor som i familjevägledarnas förhållningssätt. Resultatet bekräftar tidigare studier, även om familjevägledaren som föräldrastödjande profession på familjecentraler, i nuläget inte tar allt för stort utrymme i forskningen. / The aim of this study has been to describe and analyze family counselors’ professional approach and experiences of meetings with parents. Data, consisting of semi-structured interviews with five various family counselors, working in three different family centers in a middle county in Sweden, was collected.  To analyze the material of the interviews, the reasoning of Giddens about modernity, the reasoning of Paynes about the system theoretical thinking of social work, and Payne’s critical perspective of social work, have been used as the theoretical framework of the study. The result shows that the challenges family counselors experienced are intercultural meetings, complex family relationships and increased digitization. To be able to handle these challenges, the family counselors have interior and exterior form of preparedness for action, which is the professional approach. The interior form of preparedness implies personal experiences, knowledge and approach towards the parents. The exterior form of preparedness implies expressed strategies as solution-focused approach and the principle of children’s well-fare. The preparedness of actions, that family counselors have got, is a guide to them in their professional role, where they to a great extent are their own appliances. The enabling factors that the family counselors are identifying are the family center as an arena and an increased digitization. The results show that the family guidance as social work is mainly reflexive-therapeutic and includes system theoretical thinking. Several modernity aspects are being analyzed in the result, as they express themselves in both parental habits and in the family counselors’ professional approach. The result largely confirms previous studies, even if the family counselor as a family guide profession on family centers, currently is not emphasized in the research.

La notion d'autorité parentale est certes inscrite dans la loi, mais celle-ci ne nous dit pas grand chose quant aux processus qu'elle met en jeu. Ce travail essaie non seulement de différencier l'autorité du pouvoir, à l'instar de la légitimité et de la légalité, mais aussi de proposer une explication de cette notion, qui prend sa source dans ce que l'on appelle l'axiologie. L'étude menée propose de comprendre l'autorité autrement que par sa seule dimension de relation à autrui, pour la considérer selon un angle relevant d'un registre de la rationalité humaine dit éthico-moral, qui ne fait pas appel, du point de vue des processus qu'il suppose, à la dimension de l 'altérité. Par ailleurs, la prise en compte de l 'enfance et la compréhension de ce dont il est question lorsqu'on évoque la parentalité ne sont pas étrangères à la façon dont on considère l'autorité de nos jours. Il apparaît alors primordial de savoir déterminer les capacités de l'enfant, tout autant que la responsabilité des parents pour rendre compte du processus d'autorité chez les enfants, chez les parents, et bien sûr dans la relation éducative qui les lie. Nous considérerons le processus d'autorité comme un autocontrôle, une retenue dont chacun fait preuve, hors pathologie, et qui relève d'un fonctionnement spécifiquement humain. La dernière partie de notre travail s'attachera ainsi à comprendre dans quelle mesure nous pouvons aider l'enfant à mettre cette autorité en oeuvre et en quoi cela apparaît nécessaire à son développement, eu égard en particulier à la problématique de la liberté. / The idea of parental authority may appear in the law but the law tells very little when it comes to its process. This study is trying to distinguish authority from power, as legitimacy from lawfulness, but also to suggest an explanation of the notion through axiology. This research intends to understand authority differently than a sole relation to others, and harvests both the ethical and moral fields however not through otherness. Furthermore, the way we consider childhood and understand parenthood nowadays does not fall far from considering authority itself. Thus, it seems of primordial importance to be able to determine the child's capacities as much as his or her parents's responsibility in order to carry out a proper research on the authority process throughout the child's upbringing. Just like restraint lies in everyone, we consider this process comes from self-control (no pathology included), which falls within human specificities. The last part of this work will focus on understanding how the child can be helped to carry out this authority and why it appears necessary to his or her development, particularly if we take into account the moral liberty this process seems to enable us with.

<p>The purpose of this paper was to examine how young parenthood is represented by the professionals and their thoughts and experiences from meetings with the young parents, and how the professionals work with this group of parents. As professionals we refer to those who work with young parents, and the definition of young parents are parents in the ages 15-24. The paper also discusses what needs these parents have, and what kind of support the society offers, according to the professionals. The method we worked with was interviews and we interviewed six professionals to find out how the professionals looked upon the young parents and their situation. Earlier research has stated that young parenthood is associated with many risks and disadvantages for both the parents and their children. What we discovered was that young parenthood not necessarily has to be only about disadvantages. Many benefits were brought up during our interviews. Among others the professionals saw the young parents as more spontaneous and more to easy with their children, compared to older parents. The young parents also seemed less concerned than the older parents and their young age made them more biologically suited to have children. Some of the disadvantages we found were that many lacked higher education and trouble finding suitable accommodation because of lack of income. As a conclusion the professionals stated that a social network was of most importance for the young parents.</p>