As Boas Práticas de Fabricação de Medicamentos (BPFM) enfatizam que a indústria farmacêutica deve dirigir seus esforços no sentido de compreender a variação do processo, incluindo as fontes, o grau de variação e o impacto dessa variação nas características de qualidade do produto. O processo de fabricação de medicamentos tem apresentado significativas mudanças, em especial no que se refere à introdução de tecnologias analíticas que permitem o controle do processo em tempo real. A abordagem baseada na análise de risco e no novo Sistema de Qualidade Farmacêutica constitui ponto central das BPFM para o século XXI. Os órgãos regulatórios têm exigido da indústria farmacêutica sua adesão na melhoria contínua relativa ao desempenho de seus processos e, por consequência, na qualidade do produto. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico empregando espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo, assim como a avaliação do processo de fabricação de comprimidos de Captopril 25 mg, empregando abordagem racional-científica. Com referência à avaliação do processo, foram adotadas as seguintes ferramentas: análise de modos e efeitos de falhas (FMEA); gráficos de controle; índices de capacidade e análise de variância (ANOVA). A espectroscopia por infravermelho próximo (NIR) foi selecionada por apresentar maior rapidez na obtenção dos resultados, maior simplicidade na preparação das amostras, multiplicidade das análises a partir de uma única leitura e por apresentar característica não invasiva. Os resultados comprovaram a adequação dessa tecnologia na avaliação quantitativa do Captopril nas etapas de mistura de pós e de compressão. Os desvios padrão relativos na determinação da uniformidade de Captopril na mistura de pós e nos comprimidos empregando método no NIR foram, respectivamente 3,15 e 0,18%. No que se refere à avaliação da estabilidade e da capacidade do processo, as ferramentas adotadas permitiram a compreensão das fontes de variabilidade, assim como a determinação de seu grau, nas diferentes etapas do processo. Os índices de capacidade (CpK) relativos à uniformidade de Captopril (% p/v) na mistura de pós, ao peso médio do comprimido, à uniformidade de conteúdo e à % (p/v) dissolvida de Captopril, no ensaio de dissolução, foram 0,70, 1,94, 1,80 e 2,19, respectivamente. / The Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for Medicinal Products point out that the pharmaceutical industry must direct efforts to understand the variation of the processes, including the sources, the level of variation and the variation impact on the process in characteristics of the product. The manufacturing process has shown meaningful changes, especially in the introduction of new analytical technologies that allow the process control in real time. The approach based on risk analyses and on the new Pharmaceutical Quality System is a central key for the GMP for the XXI century. The Regulatory Agencies have demanded the pharmaceutical industry to adhere the continuous improvement related to the performance of its processes and, consequently, the product quality. Thus, the present paper aimed the development and validation of the analytical method employing NIR spectroscopy as the assessment of manufacturing process of Captopril 25 mg tablets, using rational scientific approach. Regarding the process assessment, the following tools were adopted: analysis of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), control charts, capability indexes, as well as analysis of variance (ANOVA). The near-infrared spectroscopy was selected due to its greater speed in getting the results, simplicity in sample preparation, and multiplicity of analysis from a single reading and provide non-invasive feature. The results confirmed the suitability of this technology in quantitative assessment of Captopril on the steps of mixing powders and compression. The relative standard deviations for the determination of Captopril uniformity in the post mixtures and in the tablets employing NIR were 3,15 e 0,18%, respectively. In reference to the stability assessment and process capacity, the tools adopted permitted the understanding of the sources of variability, as well as the determination of their level in different phases of the process. The capacity indexes relating to Captopril uniformity (% p/v) in the powder mixture, the average weight of the tablet, the content uniformity and the % (p/v) dissolved Captopril, in the dissolution assay were 0,70, 1,94, 1,80 and 2,19, respectively.

Today in Brazil, Programa de Alimentação dos Trabalhadores (PAT) creates incentives for firms to provide 20 million workers with in-kind transfers, typically in voucher form. This work uses a propensity score framework to test whether such benefits distort consumption decisions when compared to cash transfers, considering the latter are subject to payroll taxes. Results suggest poor households consume from 15.7% to 25.0% more food when receiving benefits instead of cash and that deadweight loss associated with distortions reach US$ 63.1 (R$ 150.1) million. Overconsumption, however, may not be increasing worker\'s health and productivity as desired. Although further analysis needs to be made in terms of nutrient intakes, this is a first evidence that PAT may not achieve its main objective / Atualmente, o Programa de Alimentação dos Trabalhadores (PAT) cria incentivos para que firmas brasileiras realizem transferências em produto, tipicamente na forma de vales ou tíquetes, para cerca de 20 milhões de trabalhadores. O presente trabalho utiliza uma metodologia baseada em escore de propensão para testar se tais benefícios distorcem as decisões de consumo das famílias quando comparadas a transferências em dinheiro, considerando que essas últimas estão sujeitas a deduções fiscais características do mercado de trabalho. Os resultados sugerem que domicílios de baixa renda que recebem o benefício consomem de 15,7% a 25,0% mais comida do que se recebessem dinheiro e que o peso morto associado às distorções atinge US$ 63,1 (R$ 150,1) milhões. Entretanto, não há evidências de que o excesso de consumo de alimentos esteja, como se desejaria, tornando os trabalhadores mais saudáveis e produtivos. Apesar da necessidade de uma análise mais detalhada em termos de nutrientes, esta é uma primeira evidência de que o PAT pode não estar atingindo seus principais objetivos

As Boas Práticas de Fabricação de Medicamentos (BPFM) enfatizam que a indústria farmacêutica deve dirigir seus esforços no sentido de compreender a variação do processo, incluindo as fontes, o grau de variação e o impacto dessa variação nas características de qualidade do produto. O processo de fabricação de medicamentos tem apresentado significativas mudanças, em especial no que se refere à introdução de tecnologias analíticas que permitem o controle do processo em tempo real. A abordagem baseada na análise de risco e no novo Sistema de Qualidade Farmacêutica constitui ponto central das BPFM para o século XXI. Os órgãos regulatórios têm exigido da indústria farmacêutica sua adesão na melhoria contínua relativa ao desempenho de seus processos e, por consequência, na qualidade do produto. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico empregando espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo, assim como a avaliação do processo de fabricação de comprimidos de Captopril 25 mg, empregando abordagem racional-científica. Com referência à avaliação do processo, foram adotadas as seguintes ferramentas: análise de modos e efeitos de falhas (FMEA); gráficos de controle; índices de capacidade e análise de variância (ANOVA). A espectroscopia por infravermelho próximo (NIR) foi selecionada por apresentar maior rapidez na obtenção dos resultados, maior simplicidade na preparação das amostras, multiplicidade das análises a partir de uma única leitura e por apresentar característica não invasiva. Os resultados comprovaram a adequação dessa tecnologia na avaliação quantitativa do Captopril nas etapas de mistura de pós e de compressão. Os desvios padrão relativos na determinação da uniformidade de Captopril na mistura de pós e nos comprimidos empregando método no NIR foram, respectivamente 3,15 e 0,18%. No que se refere à avaliação da estabilidade e da capacidade do processo, as ferramentas adotadas permitiram a compreensão das fontes de variabilidade, assim como a determinação de seu grau, nas diferentes etapas do processo. Os índices de capacidade (CpK) relativos à uniformidade de Captopril (% p/v) na mistura de pós, ao peso médio do comprimido, à uniformidade de conteúdo e à % (p/v) dissolvida de Captopril, no ensaio de dissolução, foram 0,70, 1,94, 1,80 e 2,19, respectivamente. / The Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for Medicinal Products point out that the pharmaceutical industry must direct efforts to understand the variation of the processes, including the sources, the level of variation and the variation impact on the process in characteristics of the product. The manufacturing process has shown meaningful changes, especially in the introduction of new analytical technologies that allow the process control in real time. The approach based on risk analyses and on the new Pharmaceutical Quality System is a central key for the GMP for the XXI century. The Regulatory Agencies have demanded the pharmaceutical industry to adhere the continuous improvement related to the performance of its processes and, consequently, the product quality. Thus, the present paper aimed the development and validation of the analytical method employing NIR spectroscopy as the assessment of manufacturing process of Captopril 25 mg tablets, using rational scientific approach. Regarding the process assessment, the following tools were adopted: analysis of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), control charts, capability indexes, as well as analysis of variance (ANOVA). The near-infrared spectroscopy was selected due to its greater speed in getting the results, simplicity in sample preparation, and multiplicity of analysis from a single reading and provide non-invasive feature. The results confirmed the suitability of this technology in quantitative assessment of Captopril on the steps of mixing powders and compression. The relative standard deviations for the determination of Captopril uniformity in the post mixtures and in the tablets employing NIR were 3,15 e 0,18%, respectively. In reference to the stability assessment and process capacity, the tools adopted permitted the understanding of the sources of variability, as well as the determination of their level in different phases of the process. The capacity indexes relating to Captopril uniformity (% p/v) in the powder mixture, the average weight of the tablet, the content uniformity and the % (p/v) dissolved Captopril, in the dissolution assay were 0,70, 1,94, 1,80 and 2,19, respectively.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-09-14T22:46:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Nara Munick Cerquira Lopes Oliv eira.pdf: 4232139 bytes, checksum: a9ff1ac54121065ff87576be3e6c69b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-14T22:46:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Nara Munick Cerquira Lopes Oliv eira.pdf: 4232139 bytes, checksum: a9ff1ac54121065ff87576be3e6c69b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-04 / In an attempt to pathogen reduction in sewage sludge there are several post treatments alternatives, such as thermal drying, lime stabilization, composting and others. The present study aimed to evaluate an alternative process to reduce pathogens in sewage sludge by using mango processing waste, which contains antimicrobial properties against gram-positive and negative bacteria. The sewage sludge from UASB reactor was stabilized for 30 days in drying bed and submitted to the sanitization process with different concentrations of mango?s peel (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30% (w/w)) and kernel seed (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30% (w/w)), with sewage sludge as a positive control and alkalinized sludge as negative control. It was monitored total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli concentrations over 90 days (at 0, 3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days), as well as determination of total and volatile solids, moisture, total organic carbon, nitrogen, pH, phosphorus and viable helminthes eggs. The results indicated that the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of treatments showed little variation during the trial period. At day 90, the levels of total and fecal coliforms were <3 MPN/g TS in positive and negative controls as well as in most of treatments with mango?s residues. The use of mango?s kernel seed or peel resulted in a reduction of 99.9999% of enterococci, 99.999% of E. coli and 99% of salmonella numbers present at the beginning of this evaluation. Although there has been a reduction in the levels of pathogens, the biosolids obtained still has restrictions for agricultural use, according to current Brazilian legislation: CONAMA Resolution 375/06 and Normative Instruction N0 64/2008 of the Ministry of Agriculture. / Na tentativa de redu??o de pat?genos no lodo de esgoto existem varias alternativas de p?s-tratamentos tais como: secagem t?rmica, estabiliza??o com cal, compostagem entre outros. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um processo alternativo de redu??o de pat?genos no lodo de esgoto pelo uso de res?duos do processamento da manga, que contem propriedades antimicrobianas contra bact?rias gram-positivas e negativas. O lodo de esgoto proveniente do reator UASB foi estabilizado por 30 dias em leito de secagem e submetido ao processo de higieniza??o com diferentes concentra??es de casca (5, 10, 15, 20 e 30% (p/p)) e de semente (5, 10, 15, 20 e 30% (p/p)) de manga, utilizando como controle positivo o lodo seco e controle negativo o lodo seco alcalinizado. Foram monitoradas as concentra??es de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Salmonella spp. Enterococus spp. e Escherichia coli ao longo de 90 dias (nos tempos 0, 3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 e 90 dias), bem como a determina??o de s?lidos totais, s?lidos vol?teis, umidade, carbono org?nico total, nitrog?nio, pH, fosforo e ovos vi?veis de helmintos. Os resultados indicaram que as concentra??es de carbono, nitrog?nio e f?sforo dos tratamentos analisados apresentaram pouca varia??o durante o per?odo de avalia??o. Ao final dos 90 dias, os n?veis de coliformes totais e termotolerantes foram <3 NMP/g ST no controle positivo e negativo, bem como na maioria dos tratamentos com res?duos de manga. A utiliza??o de casca ou semente de manga resultou na redu??o de 99,9999% dos Enterococos, 99,999% de E. coli e 99% da salmonela presente no in?cio da avalia??o. Embora tenha havido redu??o nos n?veis de pat?genos, o bioss?lido obtido ainda apresenta restri??es de uso agr?cola, de acordo com as legisla??es brasileiras vigentes: Resolu??o CONAMA 375/06 e Instru??o normativa N0 64/2008 do Minist?rio da Agricultura.

The success of three Louisiana feminists in the 1970s, Fran Bussie, Clarence Marie Collier, and Pat Evans stemmed from their professional expertise in labor rights, education, and politics, respectively. By joining and maintaining memberships in a variety of social, civic, and activists groups, these feminist leaders via the 1976 Louisiana Governor’s Conference on Women created a unique network that allowed for the formation of a new women’s platform. This conference advanced women’s rights, established a working platform for reform, and helped usher in second-wave feminism in Louisiana. Using conference booklets, archived video and audio interviews, and newspaper articles, this thesis argues that when women came together in their professional positions to advocate for women’s rights, the results were clearly positive.

This thesis presents a research of Swedes view on sex tourism in Thailand. This research is showing how Swedes sees sex tourism in Thailand and what kind of thoughts they have about it. This research also shows the Swedish view on sex tourism in Thailand and how it differs from the view of the Swedish media and their opinion about the subject. Furthermore, this research shows that the view of this subject differs depending on the respondents’ experience of travelling in Thailand. It becomes more important to study this subject with increasingly numbers of Swedes travelling to Thailand and more people find a partner in the country. This has led to a growing minority of Thai people in Sweden, which has to live with the prejudices of the Swedes. That is why it is so important to show what this prejudices are and why they exist. This topic is rather hard to study because of the sensitivity of the subject as well as people’s fixed opinions regarding this subject. It is easy to make politics of the subject because of these strong opinions, but we have tried to stay away from these already fixed opinions and instead tried to observe other peoples fixed opinions and how these fixed opinions effecting Thai women living in Sweden. It is important to understand how people’s prejudices affect the view of a country especially when it comes to tourism development.

This research examines the significance of water as it has been used as a subject in the visual arts, with particular concentration on the use of geometry as a means of accessing pictorial possibilities. The study focuses specifically on selected paintings by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851), Oscar Claude Monet (1840-1926) and Pat Steir (1940-) including some of Steir's etchings, to further demonstrate her thought processes and techniques. It is argued that the paintings of all three artists, although widely divergent yet include threads of commonality and convergence. All explore the fundamental structure of nature (in this case water) through geometry. In addition, spatial concepts through the use of light and colour are closely intertwined and give rise to metaphysical implications. Turner and Monet broke the bonds of the existing academic composition and style of painting. Their paintings pointed the way for artists of the twentieth century, like Steir to further explore the close relationship between the motif and abstract painting. References to paintings, other than the selected paintings, by these artists will be made in order to illustrate their different approaches yet similar objectives. Finally the relevance of the study to the candidate's own work will be correlated. The dissertation intends to offer a new interpretation of water as a subject in painting, by illuminating and illustrating aspects of the selected paintings by Turner, Monet and Steir. In conclusion, it is anticipated that this discourse will enrich and complement previous interpretations of water, when used as a subject in visual art. It is also envisaged that the study will suggest further research on the subject. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

This thesis takes issue with Fredric Jameson’s suggestion that contemporary science fiction is sending back “more reliable information [about current political and economic organisation] than an exhausted realism” and it develops an alternative Marxist defense of contemporary realist fiction. Can realism's techniques adequately represent the complexity of contemporary political organization? The thesis presents readings of key realist texts — by Pat Barker, Maurice Gee, Kerstin Hensel, James Kelman and David Peace — testing their potential to produce the knowledge of history, industrial politics and the metropolis traditionally central to literary realism’s concerns. (For complete abstract open document).

Today in Brazil, Programa de Alimentação dos Trabalhadores (PAT) creates incentives for firms to provide 20 million workers with in-kind transfers, typically in voucher form. This work uses a propensity score framework to test whether such benefits distort consumption decisions when compared to cash transfers, considering the latter are subject to payroll taxes. Results suggest poor households consume from 15.7% to 25.0% more food when receiving benefits instead of cash and that deadweight loss associated with distortions reach US$ 63.1 (R$ 150.1) million. Overconsumption, however, may not be increasing worker\'s health and productivity as desired. Although further analysis needs to be made in terms of nutrient intakes, this is a first evidence that PAT may not achieve its main objective / Atualmente, o Programa de Alimentação dos Trabalhadores (PAT) cria incentivos para que firmas brasileiras realizem transferências em produto, tipicamente na forma de vales ou tíquetes, para cerca de 20 milhões de trabalhadores. O presente trabalho utiliza uma metodologia baseada em escore de propensão para testar se tais benefícios distorcem as decisões de consumo das famílias quando comparadas a transferências em dinheiro, considerando que essas últimas estão sujeitas a deduções fiscais características do mercado de trabalho. Os resultados sugerem que domicílios de baixa renda que recebem o benefício consomem de 15,7% a 25,0% mais comida do que se recebessem dinheiro e que o peso morto associado às distorções atinge US$ 63,1 (R$ 150,1) milhões. Entretanto, não há evidências de que o excesso de consumo de alimentos esteja, como se desejaria, tornando os trabalhadores mais saudáveis e produtivos. Apesar da necessidade de uma análise mais detalhada em termos de nutrientes, esta é uma primeira evidência de que o PAT pode não estar atingindo seus principais objetivos

The global move to more sustainable and renewable energy sources causes increased fluctuations in theelectric market. That fact combined with the Swedish regulations on micro producers make high levels ofself-use critical and have increased the interest in energy storage of energy from intermittent sources.Cooperation with Eksta AB have provided the opportunity to evaluate an innovative energy storage conceptfor a future exploitation area of around 17,2 hectares planned residential and urban area. This bachelorthesis studies the potential of using stormwater management ponds for small-scale energy storage in theform of pumped hydro energy storage (PHES). The focus is on storage of surplus energy from a solarenergy system designed for micro production and local energy supply. However, it also evaluates thepotential of using the equivalent dimensions for energy storage which storage level only change whenbuying or selling electricity at market prices for arbitrage purposes.Potential in the form of financial benefit and increased self-use of solar energy are studied through aquantitative methodology that, in the case of storing surplus energy from a solar system, use a simulationmodel developed for this thesis that takes Eksta´s contractual electric specifications into account. Toevaluate the case of energy storage for arbitrage a simulation model is used in the form of an algorithmbaseddrive strategy named “Optimal”, which has been recreated from research in the field of energy storageand drive strategies. The level of innovation is high on account of including such as energy additions to thestorage from rain water management, energy losses from dispersion of stored stormwater to surroundingground layers, it´s novel focus on a stormwater pond for energy storage, the rarely studied combination ofPHES and small scale solar systems and finally that the dimensions of the pump and turbine that is neededin PHES is based on PaT (pump as turbine) technology, allowing the reverse drive of a centrifugal pumpto operate as a turbine.Sensitivity analysis is included to increase the understanding of PHES-stormwater systems in the case of Eksta and as a concept for energy storage. The work also includes a brief examination of relevant regulationsin order to supply a wider perspective.The result shows that the implementation of a PHES-stormwater system during the years 2018 and 2019increased the self-use of generated solar energy by 28,59 % and provide the joint financial benefit of 5989SEK. The simulation model of energy storage for arbitrage during the years 2018 and 2019 resulted in thecombined financial benefit of 699 SEK when “Optimal” operation strategy is used and 678 SEK with apractically applicable operation strategy.The main conclusion is that PHES-stormwater systems as an energy storage for small-scale solar surplushas high potential to increase the self-use of solar energy but relatively low potential to increase the financialbenefits of small-scale solar systems. From the sensitivity analysis it can be concluded that the simulatedPHES-stormwater system is sensitive to small and medium ranged changes in storage capacity, efficiency,rate of dispersion, set electrical buying price and selectivity of which hours to empty the storage. This whilebeing generally insensitive to small and medium ranged variations in installed peak effect of the solar system,filling/emptying time and the relative size of the turbine compared to the pump.The conclusion from the simulation of arbitrage application is that the potential for financial benefit inthese circumstances is extremely low. The sensitivity analysis lead to the conclusion that the system issensitive to small and medium ranged variations in storage capacity, efficiency, filling/emptying time andmarginal operation costs.Besides the limited financial benefit, other potential hindrances may be the legality of connecting the systemelectrically, lack of financial benefits given to larger but still small-scale solar systems and the eventuality ofdisrupting the main function of the stormwater pond, which is purifying stormwater.