Bakgrund: Demens är ett samlingsbegrepp av olika sjukdomar som angriper hjärnan, i Sverige insjuknar det ca 25 000 personer per år i demenssjukdom. Det kan innebära svårigheter att vårda personer med demens på grund av bland annat kommunikationssvårigheter och aggression. Vården av personer med demens ska genomföras med fokus på en personcentrerad omvårdnad. Detta kan göras genom att implementera sällskapsdjur inom vården. Sällskapsdjur inom vården implementerades redan under 1790-talet i England för att behandla psykiskt sjuka personer, i Sverige år 2016 fanns 150 aktiva hundar i tjänst i 40 olika kommuner. Syfte: Syftet är att sammanställa kunskap om sällskapsdjurs effekt på omvårdnad för personer med demenssjukdom. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ, kvantitativ och mix method ansats där den teoretiska referensramen fokuserats på ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt. Artiklarna har analyserats utifrån Fribergs trestegsmodell. Resultat: Sällskapsdjur påvisades ha positiv inverkan på omvårdnad av personer med demens inom tre kategorier; fysiskt mående, psykiskt mående samt sociala interaktioner. Fallrisk kunde minskas genom att den fysiska kapaciteten ökade. Sällskapsdjuren förmedlade även ett lugn vilket bidrog till ett förbättrat sömnmönster samt ökad aptit. Depressionen förbättrades liksom den kognitiva förmågan samt att aggressioner ofta blev färre. Att umgås med sällskapsdjur bidrog även till att den sociala förmågan förbättrades, vårdpersonal och deltagare kunde skapa en relation. Effekterna av sällskapsdjur underlättade omvårdnaden av personer med demens. Slutsats: Sällskapsdjur hade effekt på omvårdnad av personer med demenssjukdom, vilket underlättade omvårdnaden för vårdpersonalen. Genom att implementera sällskapsdjur inom demenssjukvården kan vårdpersonalen skapa en relation med personer med demens, utöva personcentrerad omvårdnad och identifiera individuella behov. / Background: Dementia is a collective concept of various diseases that attack the brain. In Sweden, about 25,000 people per year suffer from dementia. It can be difficult to care for people with dementia due to communication difficulties and aggression, among other things. The care of people with dementia should be implemented with a focus on personcentered care, part of which may be to implement pets. Pets in health care were implemented in England already in the 1790s to treat mentally ill persons. In Sweden 2016, 150 dogs were employed in health care in 40 different municipalities. Aim: The aim of the study is to compile knowledge about the effect of pet animals on the care of people with dementia. Method: A literature review from a qualitative perspective, quantitative perspective and mix method perspective with a theoretical frame of reference based on a person-centered care approach. The articles have been analyzed based on Friberg's three-step model. Results: Pets have been shown to have a positive impact on the care for people with dementia in three categories; physical, mental and social interactions. The risk of falling could be reduced by increasing physical capacity. The pets also conveyed a calm, which contributed to an improved sleep pattern and increased appetite. Depression improved just as cognitive ability and aggressive behaviour often decreased. The socializing also helped to improve the participants social skills, healthcare professionals and participants were able to create a relationship. The effects of pets facilitated the care of people with dementia. Conclusion: The results indicate that pets have an effect on the care of people with dementia. By implementing pets in dementia care, healthcare professionals can create a relationship with people with dementia, practice person-centered care and identify individual needs. These effects facilitated the care of people with dementia for the healthcare professionals.

Face à la concurrence exacerbée, la prescription d’achat peut être stratégique pour les organisations. Dans des contextes de décision difficiles, la prescription d’achat devient indispensable pour certains consommateurs. La revue de la littérature révèle des carences, des contradictions et un manque de confrontations terrain à propos des quelques théories et propositions émises sur ce concept. Qu’est-ce que la prescription d’achat ? Quel est son poids parmi les principales caractéristiques de décision d’achat ? Quel est l’impact de la culture ? Une étude qualitative menée en France auprès de 10 vétérinaires prescripteurs et 10 acheteurs d’aliments pour animaux de compagnie permet de mieux définir la prescription d’achat, et de valider ou rejeter les précédents apports sur ce thème. A l’aide du Consumer Styles Inventory (Sproles et Kendall 1986), une étude quantitative auprès de 308 acheteurs français et 221 acheteurs chinois d’aliments pour animaux de compagnie valide la sensibilité à la prescription comme caractéristique fondamentale de décision d’achat. Elle a un poids modéré selon le style de décision émergent, mais son rôle est discriminant dans la constitution des segments en France. Elle est positivement et significativement associée au perfectionnisme, à la fidélité, à l’hédonisme et à la confusion ; elle l’est négativement et significativement au prix. Alors qu’il y a une différence significative dans les styles de décision d’achat des français et des chinois, ce n’est pas le cas pour la sensibilité à la prescription. Les principaux apports théoriques et méthodologiques portent sur une meilleure définition de la prescription d’achat, sur la mesure du concept et sur sa présence au sein de deux cultures pourtant opposées. Pour les organisations, cette recherche souligne la valeur ajoutée que constitue le prescripteur face aux indécisions des acheteurs. Celles positionnées sur le haut de gamme sont encouragées à mettre en place des réseaux de prescripteurs pour faciliter leurs ventes. Une série de recommandations opérationnelles en découlent. / In highly competitive markets, shopping prescription may be strategic for organizations. In complex decision-making situations, shopping prescription is useful for some consumers. Literature review reveals gaps, contradictions and field shortcomings about this concept. What brand prescription is? What is its weight among the main decision-making characteristics? What is the impact of culture? A qualitative study conducted in France with 10 vet prescribers and 10 pet food buyers helps to better define this concept, and validate or reject previous contributions to this topic. Using the Consumer Styles Inventory (Sproles et Kendall 1986), a quantitative survey with 308 french and 221 chinese pet food buyers validates prescription consciousness as a fundamental decision-making characteristic. It has a moderate weight within the main decision-making style, but its role is discriminant on the cluster formation in France. It is positiveley and significantly associated with perfectionism, loyalty, hedonism and confusion while it is negatively and sinificantly to price. There is a significant difference in decision-making styles between French and Chinese, but this is not true for prescription consciousness. The main theoretical and methodological contributions are a better definition of this concept, its measurement scale and its presence in both but divergent cultures. From a managerial standpoint, this research highlights the added value brought by prescribers. Companies positioned on the high end market are encouraged to set up prescribers networks to ease sales. A series of operational recommendations arise from there.

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to determine if consistent exposure to classroom pets in public elementary school classrooms affected children’s empathy. The sample included 44 students (females = 22; males = 22; mean age = 8.3 years) from four third-grade classrooms. A pre-test, post-test design was used to measure students’ empathy levels, and percentage changes in empathy scores were recorded for all groups. The sample was a convenience sample, and random assignment to treatment groups was not possible. Treatment included using classroom pet fish along with empathy-based lessons. Of the four participating classrooms, one classroom was the Control Group, with no classroom pet and no lessons. A second classroom was the Pet Only group (pet fish in the classroom, but no empathy-based treatment regimen). The third classroom was the Lessons Only group, which had no pet but the students engaged in a series of empathy-based mini lessons. The fourth classroom was the Pet+Lessons group, where students cared for, and interacted with, the classroom pet fish in addition to participating in a 4-week empathy-based treatment regimen. Each group participated in pre- and post-tests using the Bryant Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (Bryant, 1982), and the Lessons Only and Pet + Lessons group had four consecutive weeks of empathy-based mini lessons (each lesson with an opportunity for expansion through a project-based approach). This was followed by one week to reflect on the learning through final discussions and to re-administer the post-test. After exposure to the classroom pet and the empathy intervention, the three treatment groups all experienced an increase in empathy, while the Control Group experienced a decrease, suggesting that classroom pets, project-based empathy lessons, or a combination of both all had a positive impact on children’s empathy. Additionally, qualitative data in the form of interviews with classroom teachers, field notes from the researcher during empathy lessons, and examination of children’s empathy journals was analyzed to gain more knowledge on teacher and student perspectives of teaching and learning empathy and working with a classroom pet. Results are discussed relative to future research and classroom practices.

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Este proyecto surgió en base a que pudimos identificar que a pesar de que las personas que tienen un gato como mascota están aumentando, siguen siendo escasos los productos para la salud de estos. Además, de que encontramos en base a ciertos experimentos que estas mascotas suelen enfermarse con frecuencia desarrollando comportamientos (agresividad, ansiedad, excitación, no hacer uso de su arenero o nerviosismo) que suelen preocupar a su dueño. Descubriendo que el principal motivo de estos males para los gatos es el estrés. Es que hemos planteado en nuestra idea de producto una bebida hecha principalmente en base de Nepeta Cataria o mejor conocida como menta para gatos. Esta planta es atractiva para el gato y de igual forma lo relaja, produciendo una mejora en su comportamiento. Otros efectos positivos encontrados es que incita a los gatos al juego, lo que los hace que se vuelvan más activos físicamente evitando la obesidad. Asimismo, hace que el gato no presente caída de pelaje o se autolesione. Igualmente, incluimos la valeriana para que esta planta pueda reforzar el sistema nervioso, añadiendo más efectividad al momento de relajar al gato. Además, la valeriana añade un efecto antiinflamatorio intestinal que ayuda a la digestión del gato. Meaw Tea se va a enfocar en un segmento específico, el cual es Lima Metropolitana, abarcando así 5 distritos: Miraflores, San Isidro, Jesús María, Surco y La molina. Siendo estos lugares los primeros que obtendrán nuestro producto para el cuidado de la salud de su gato. / This project came up from the fact that we were able to identify that even though people who have a cat as a pet are increasing, their health products are still scarce. Based on certain experiments we found that these pets often get sick frequently developing behaviors (aggressiveness, anxiety, excitement, not using their litter box or nervousness) that usually worry their owner. Discovering that the main reason for these ills for cats is stress. It is that we have proposed in our product idea a drink that is mainly based on Nepeta Cataria or better known as mint for cats. This plant is attractive to the cat and relaxes it, producing an improvement in its behavior. Other positive effects we found are that it encourages cats to play, which makes them become more physically active while avoiding obesity. It also prevents the cat from hair loss or self-harm. Additionally, we include valerian so this plant can support the nervous system, adding more effectiveness to relax the cat. Also, valerian adds an anti-inflammatory intestinal effect that helps the cat to digest. Meaw Tea is going to focus on a specific segment, which is Metropolitan Lima, covering 5 districts: Miraflores, San Isidro, Jesús María, Surco and La Molina. These places are going to be the first to obtain our product for the health care of their cat. / Trabajo de investigación

El mercado de mascotas viene creciendo de manera sostenible en los últimos años a tal punto que hoy en día éstas ocupan un lugar muy importante en los hogares de los peruanos. Los tiempos han cambiado y ahora las mascotas son consideradas como un miembro de la familia, cuyos dueños no escatiman en recursos para darles lo mejor para velar por su bienestar integral. Es tanto el amor que tienen por su mascota que, cuando fallecen, sus dueños quedan muy desolados y con una pena grande porque ya no podrán tenerla más a su lado. Es por ello, que creamos Eco Huellitas, una idea de negocio que permite a los dueños de las mascotas plasmar en un diseño lo que significaron éstas en vida, a través de urnas personalizadas y así de esta manera poder perennizar todo el amor que compartieron con ellas en vida. Este producto ofrece la alternativa de personalizar la urna de la mascota con el diseño que mejor la represente y además ofrece un servicio integral basado en la atención personalizada y en el acompañamiento que tanto necesita el cliente en esos momentos difíciles. / During the last years, the pet industry has grown sustainably at such extent that nowadays, pets occupy a very important place within Peruvian families. Time has changed, and now, pets are considered family members as well. Pet owners spare no resources to ensure they receive all they need to guarantee their integral welfare. The love they feel towards them is so great, that when their pets pass away, they feel very desolated and deeply moved by the great pain they feel for no longer having them by their side. For this reason, we created Eco Huellitas, a business idea that allows pet owners to capture in a design all what their pets mean to them in life. Our personalized pet urns allow Pet lovers to preserve all the love they shared with their pets. This product offers the alternative of a customized pet urn with the design that best evoques their pets, as a way of perpetuating the memory of them. It also offers a complete personalized service by providing them with the care and support they need during these hard moments. / Trabajo de investigación

Actualmente, las mascotas forman parte esencial de nuestras vidas. Cada vez más, las familias peruanas optan por tener a una mascota en su hogar, principalmente en las grandes ciudades. Esto se debe a que existe la tendencia a nivel mundial de que las familias cada vez tengan menos hijos, o incluso ninguno, es ahí donde estos pequeños y adorables seres llenan ese vacío de alguna manera y se vuelven un miembro más de la familia al que dedican todo su amor y atención. En este contexto, Nice Pets ofrece una alternativa a todas aquellas familias que deseen darle lo mejor en calidad y moda a sus mascotas, con diseños modernos e innovadores a la medida y gusto del cliente. Nuestra propuesta vas más allá de la venta, otorga asesoría y retroalimentación de especialistas en caso sea necesario. Cabe señalar que los rubros textil y moda están en auge y crecimiento en Perú, así como existe una poderosa tendencia mundial con los pet lovers, personas que aman a las mascotas y las consideran parte de la familia. Esta combinación de tendencias hace que nuestra propuesta tenga una gran oportunidad de éxito, más aún cuando hemos demostrado en el análisis financiero que nuestro negocio es rentable, con una inversión inicial de S/ 32,658, monto que será asumido completamente por los accionistas y recuperado en un horizonte de 5 años. La viabilidad de nuestro negocio reside principalmente en la calidad de nuestras prendas, así como nuestro dedicado servicio y atención a nuestros clientes. / Pets are now an essential part of our lives. Increasingly, Peruvian families choose to have a pet in their home, mainly in large cities. This is because there is a worldwide trend that families have fewer and fewer children, or even none at all, this is where these adorable little beings somehow fill that void and become one more member of the family that they dedicate all their love and attention. In this context, Nice Pets offers an alternative to all those families who wish to give the best in quality and fashion to their pets, with modern and innovative designs tailored to the client's taste and preferences. Our proposal goes beyond the sale, it provides advice and specialists feedback if necessary. It should be noted that the textile and fashion items are booming and growing in Peru, as well as there is a powerful global trend with pet lovers, people who love pets and consider them part of the family. This combination of trends makes our proposal a great opportunity for success, even more so when we have shown in the financial analysis that our business is profitable, with an initial investment of S / 32,658, an amount that will be fully assumed by the shareholders and recovered in a horizon of 5 years. The viability of our business resides mainly in the quality of our garments, as well as our dedicated service and attention to our clients. / Trabajo de investigación

Esta idea de negocio se origina en el llamativo y constante crecimiento de la demanda de servicios orientados a la atención de los animales de compañía, también conocidos como mascotas. En los últimos diez años, América Latina ha incrementado este mercado de forma doble cifra de forma anual. Basados en lo favorable de las proyecciones, es que este grupo de estudiantes de la carrera de Administración de Empresas se ha propuesto el reto de establecer un modelo de negocios que aproveche esta tendencia y presentar esta investigación para la obtención del grado de bachiller. El equipo de investigación identificó una oportunidad en el rubro de servicios funerarios de mascotas, en el que se encuentra la cremación mascotas. Se encontró que los competidores del rubro no han logrado obtener el reconocimiento de sus marcas entre sus consumidores. Esto brinda una oportunidad para desarrollar esta idea de negocio desde la diferenciación del servicio que logre captar la atención del mercado y así, posicionar la marca y fidelizar a este mercado. En los siguientes capítulos se presenta una propuesta de negocios con una oferta de valor responsable que brinda la asistencia funeraria a los dueños de mascotas durante todo el proceso de la dolorosa pérdida, que tiene como premisa la empatía pues reconoce la importancia de estos seres en la vida de sus amos. Ángeles de 4 patitas busca asegurar que el último adiós también forme parte del conjunto de memorias que los amos desean recordar. / This business idea originates from the striking and constant growth in the demand for pet care services. In the last ten years, Latin America has yearly increased this market in double figures. Based on the favorable nature of the projections, this group of students from the Business Administration career has set itself the challenge of establishing a business model that takes advantage of this trend and present it research to obtain their bachelor's degrees. The research team identified an opportunity in the area of ​​pet funeral services, where the cremation of pets is located. Competitors in the industry were found to have failed to gain recognition of their brands among their consumers. This provides an opportunity to develop a business idea from the differentiation of the service, capture the attention of the consumers and thus, positioning Angeles de Cuatro Patitas brand and obtain the loyalty to this market. In the following chapters, a business proposal is presented with a responsible value offer which is not provide funeral assistance to pet owners but ensure that the last goodbye is also part of the set of memories that the masters want to remember. / Trabajo de investigación

Esta propuesta de negocio nació de un grupo de cuatro estudiantes universitarios, como una idea innovadora al mercado de mascotas, ofreciendo un servicio único que pudiera abastecer las necesidades de un segmento que se encontraba desatendido. Este trabajo de investigación está basado en la recolección de información de fuentes primarias y secundarias, que permiten determinar al mercado objetivo al cuál queremos dirigirnos, además, refuerzan el establecimiento de metas y objetivos trazados, de los cuales se ha diseñado el plan de marketing, los procesos operativos, la gestión de recursos humanos y el diseño financiero para poder alcanzarlas. La propuesta de negocio de Happy Pets, ofrece el servicio completo de organización de eventos para mascotas, desde la selección de productos alimenticios de garantía, hasta la mejor calidad en decoraciones y fotografía que existe en el mercado para mascotas, permitiendo que el cliente pueda relajarse y disfrutar de la fiesta junto con su engreído y sin preocupaciones. / This business proposal was born from a group of four university students, as an innovative idea to the pet market, offering a unique service that could supply the needs of a segment that was neglected. This research work is based on a collection of information from primary and secondary sources, which allows us to determine the target market to which we want to reach, in addition, they reinforce the establishment of goals and objectives outlined, from which it has been designed the marketing plan, the operational processes, human resources management and the financial design to achieve them. The Happy Pets business proposal offers de the complete service of organizing pet events, from the guarantee of the selection of the best food products , to the best qualities in decorations and photography that exists in the pet market, allowing the client to relax and enjoy the party together with his pet pal without any kind of worries. / Trabajo de investigación

Giardia intestinalis is a single-celled intestinal parasite infecting humans and animals. The species is divided into eight genetic groups, assemblages, with different host specificity. Stool samples from 99 dogs, 61 cats and 22 chinchillas were examined for the presence of Giardia using microscopy and PCR diagnostics. The found populations were assigned to assemblages using a multi-locus genotyping scheme, with the goal of mapping the occurrence of zoonotic assemblages A and B and evaluating the risk of transmission of Giardia from pets to humans. The Giardia prevalence in examined dogs was 36,4%. The majority of dog infections was caused by dog-specific assemblages D and C. Individual cases of infection with assemblage F, or a mix of assemblages A+D, A+F, B+D, C+D and D+F were also detected. The prevalence in cats was 14.8%, and the dog assemblages C and D prevailed as well. In individual cases, cats were infected with assemblages A or F, which is specific for cats. The highest prevalence, 85.7%, was detected in chinchillas. The majority of chinchilla infections was caused by the zoonotic assemblage B (88.9%). The found sequences were compared to those obtained from animals with clinical giardiasis, but no identical matches were found between these two pools. The nature of mixed infections was studied by...