La cooperación internacional al desarrollo ha jugado un papel importante en el mundo desde mediados del siglo pasado. A la par de promover mejores condiciones de vida para amplios sectores excluidos, ha marcado las relaciones entre países donantes y receptores. Hoy que el mundo ha cambiado, que el Perú ha cambiado, la cooperación que el país recibe y brinda constituye una herramienta clave en su política internacional.

Since the first Human Development Report (HDRs) was published in 1990, the Human Development (HD) paradigm has become a relevant conceptual framework as well as an intrinsic instrument to measure human progress. Yet, critics on the Reports for oversimplifying development have been pointed out as they do not take into account the myriad complex social, cultural, political and historical aspects of a country or a particular society. The United Nations Human Development Programme (UNDP) has however tried to tackle this critique throughout the elaboration of the National Human Development Reports. These reports respond to more local approaches to analyse most pressing issues within national contexts emphasizing on subjects urging particular attention. The insights and statistical data provided within, are indeed becoming important information tools for policy-making and decision taking at a local and regional levels. They represent a sort of route-map to start- up new action plans and policies which could be useful in facing urgent problems concerning inequality, poverty, repression, injustice, among others.Despite the effort made by the Reports to tackle development constraints in more wider terms, the whole HD problematique has not really been undertaken holistically through a multidimensional view. For this reason the Human-Scale Development approach is introduced as an evaluative tool, in order to assess the HD policies entailed within the National Human Development Reports (NHDRs). The main objective is thus, to identify deprivations and potentialities of the very specific proposals (i.e. policies) in order to re-address human development strategies towards real multidimensional political actions. Considering this framework as a most accurate one to tackle social, environmental, economic, institutional, cultural and spiritual human interactions.Therefore, to reach this goal, this research exposes the development notion through a historical route and tracking down the origins of the human development notion. However, further revision on its philosophical and theoretical bases were needed to complete this search, and various debates emerged from these findings. The characterization of the two theories depicted in this work, namely; Human Development (HD) and the Human-Scale Development approach is necessary to identify differences and coincidences, and thereafter proceed to propose a new space of theoretical interaction to widen the HD paradigm. This, with the only aim of ameliorating its operationalization but overall, to achieve a type of development acknowledging real positive changes in people's quality of life.In any case, the main objective is to contribute with conceptual and methodological insights and with the proposal of new ideas in order to move forward in the building of possible Sustainable Human Development strategies within the political sphere. But always understanding the "sustainable" feature as systemic, holistic, and integral principle. Lastly, an evaluation exercise is hence conducted using the last Brazilian National Human Development Report as a case study. The policies within are scrutinized in order to explore new possibilities in the elaboration of HD policies, incorporating a more humanist perception proper from the integral sustainability attributes. The outcomes of this policy assessment intend to identify how other possible participatory schemes can take place in policy-making processes aiming for development models which respond to cultural and social values coherent with the communities and societies entailed.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-23T13:08:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena Cecília Barreto Bruno Wilke.pdf: 4148458 bytes, checksum: 3ec9e7e5dfe2f09f794863a596f40311 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T13:08:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena Cecília Barreto Bruno Wilke.pdf: 4148458 bytes, checksum: 3ec9e7e5dfe2f09f794863a596f40311 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This research surveys the development of the fundamental concepts and guidelines of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Its creation dates back to a period of liberalism and expanding of international organizations, seeking for democratic peace, still under the effects of World War II. Its purposes are correlated to designs created after the Cold War, when security and development, which were based on anthropological concepts, begin to respond to the restructuring of the planetary governmentality. The Human Development Index (HDI), adopted by the UNDP since the 1990s, is an important tool in identifying and constructing the so-called vulnerabilities as threats both for local and global governments. The survey of the Conjunct Program “Segurança com Cidadania”, coordinated by the UNDP in a neighborhood of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, disclosure the operational model of the HDI, together with the so-called “segurança cidadã” specifically designed for Latin America, which was recently incorporated to the Sustainable Development Objectives (SDO). The Restorative Justice is considered a complementary planetary connection aiming to broaden the formal penal system, flexibilizing sentences and implementing social policies in schools and communities. The present study verified the UNDP's effectiveness in enforcing penal practices operated in the name of the alleged neutrality of human development throughout the manufacture of responsible and resilient conducts that underpins the management of collective misery / Esta pesquisa mapeia a produção dos principais conceitos e abordagens do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). Sua emergência remonta a um período de revisões liberais e expansão das organizações internacionais ancoradas na busca pela paz democrática, ainda sob os efeitos da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Seus empreendimentos evidenciam delineamentos mais acabados após a chamada Guerra Fria, quando a segurança e o desenvolvimento, calcados no humano, passam a responder aos redimensionamentos da governamentalidade planetária. O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), adotado pelo PNUD a partir da década de 1990, mostra-se importante instrumento na identificação e construção das chamadas vulnerabilidades como virtuais ameaças aos governos do e no planeta. A análise do Programa Conjunto Segurança com Cidadania, coordenado pelo PNUD em um bairro na capital do Espírito Santo, expõe o funcionamento do IDH, aliado à abordagem da chamada segurança cidadã – específica à América Latina, recentemente incorporada aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). A Justiça Restaurativa situa-se como uma de suas conexões planetárias preferenciais ao complementar e ampliar o sistema penal formal e mostra sua flexibilidade punitiva ao implementar políticas sociais em escolas e comunidades. A pesquisa constatou a eficiência do PNUD em irradiar práticas penalizadoras operadas em nome da pretensa neutralidade do desenvolvimento humano, por meio da produção de condutas responsáveis e resilientes que sustentam a gestão compartilhada da miséria

La coordination en matière de reconstruction post-conflit vise à associer les activités entreprises dans les domaines de la sécurité internationale, de l'aide humanitaire et du développement, traditionnellement confiés à des organisations internationales distinctes et même à différents organes au sein des organisations à compétences intersectorielles, comme l'ONU. Ces activités se voient marquées par des interdépendances ainsi que par des chevauchements et des enchevêtrements découlant de l'extension des compétences des organisations, elle-même fondée sur les interdépendances entre les domaines d'action. Cette extension des compétences est déterminée dans le cadre interne de chaque organisation, sans tenir compte sur le plan juridique des compétences des autres organisations. C'est la raison pour laquelle la coordination ne peut être atteinte au moyen d'une répartition des compétences susceptible de garantir l'absence de chevauchements (coordination négative). En pratique, cette idée cède devant une coordination fondée sur la coopération, visant à faciliter l'exercice conjoint des compétences en matière de reconstruction (coordination positive). Cet exercice conjoint se déploie dans un cadre juridique marqué par l'autonomie des organisations, défendue à des degrés variables aussi bien par les organisations que par leurs États membres. Les méthodes de coordination doivent alors se révéler souples afin de s'adapter aussi bien aux facteurs variables de chaque contexte d'action qu'au cadre général dans lequel s'établissent les relations entre les organisations, constat qui explique le rôle du droit mou en matière de coordination. / Coordination in post-conflict reconstruction seeks to bring together international security, humanitarian aid an development aid. These fields of activity have been traditionally assigned to different international organizations and even within organizations with cross-sectorial competence as the UN, to different bodies. However, the interlink between these activities have resulted in an extension of the field of competence of each organization, which has reinforced the interdependence, overlap and duplication of their activities. In this regard, the scope of activity is circumscribed within the institutional framework of each organization, without granting legal implications to the field of competence of other organizations. Therefore, coordination cannot be achieved through a division of competence aiming at eliminating the overlaps and duplications (negative coordination). In practice, coordination in post-conflict reconstruction seeks to establish cooperation mechanisms in order to enable a joint exercise of competences by the organizations and their bodies (positive coordination). This exercise takes place within the context of the autonomy of international organizations, which is protected at varying degrees by both the organizations and their member state. Thus, methods of coordination must be flexible enough not only to allow for tailored and context-specific responses but also to be in line with the general framework guiding the relationships among organizations, which explains the value of soft law in the process of coordination.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Machado.pdf: 1026778 bytes, checksum: b1c039965d53105cabf829766eb35289 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study is to assess the task performed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations main body for development issues, in Brazil. The method of research consists of bibliographical research, followed by a case study, in order to strengthen the theme s empirical investigation. The case study analyzed is the project BNDES/PNUD for Local Development (BRA/00/031) in the Península de Itapagipe , Salvador, Bahia. The first conclusion of this work is that the choice of the capabilities approach, developed by Amartya Sen, is convenient for the pragmatic and consensual nature of the Programme, given that it proposes a stronger focus on the expansion of individual choices without questioning the current international economic order. Therefore, it allows the maintenance of the support of not only countries which act as core resource suppliers, but also of countries where UNDP implements its interventions. Furthermore, the sustainable human development is a concept broad enough to let different interventions be classified under this one paradigm. Regarding the specific role of the UNDP in Brazil, it is clear that the nature of its approach is the government cost-sharing/national execution. This modality was first employed in a particular context, under special circumstances, which took under consideration the interests of both Brazilian government and the UNDP. It is possible to reach the conclusion that the Programme´s action in Brazil is more linked to performing the duties of a support structure, in order to have the projects fully and effectively implemented, than to furnish content and theoretical aspects to the interventions supported by the Programme. In sum, the UNDP´s action is limited by the lack of success in translating its innovative theoretical concepts and ideas into practical projects. Being successful on this task could imply an enrichment of the projects and also create a clear framework which characterizes the projects supported by the UNDP / O objetivo desse trabalho é entender como o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD), principal órgão das Nações Unidas para a questão do desenvolvimento, atua no Brasil. O procedimento de pesquisa utilizado é a pesquisa bibliográfica. Um estudo de caso é também realizado como forma de aprofundar a investigação empírica do tema. O estudo de caso analisado é o projeto BNDES/PNUD de Desenvolvimento Local (BRA/00/031), na Península de Itapagipe em Salvador (BA). A primeira conclusão deste trabalho é que a escolha da abordagem das capacidades de Amartya Sen é conveniente à natureza pragmática e consensual do Programa, porque propõe um foco na expansão das escolhas individuais das pessoas, mas sem questionar a ordem econômica internacional vigente. Dessa forma, permite a manutenção do apoio tanto de países doadores de recursos regulares como dos países nos quais o PNUD mantém atividades. Além disso, o desenvolvimento humano sustentável é muito amplo, e isso permite que intervenções nas mais diferentes áreas sejam classificadas como relacionadas a este paradigma. Em relação à atuação específica do PNUD no Brasil, está claro que a modalidade de cooperação utilizada majoritariamente é a execução nacional/financiamento pelo governo. Essa modalidade passou a ser utilizada em um contexto específico, que atendia interesses tanto do governo brasileiro quanto do PNUD. Pode-se concluir que a atuação do Programa no Brasil passa muito mais por servir como uma estrutura de apoio para que os projetos sejam implementados do que por realizar aportes teóricos e de conteúdo às intervenções apoiadas pelo Programa. Portanto, a atuação do PNUD é limitada pelo fato de não conseguir traduzir as idéias e os conceitos inovadores criados no seu âmbito para os seus projetos. Ter sucesso nessa questão poderia representar um enriquecimento dos projetos, bem como criar uma delimitação clara que caracterize os projetos apoiados pelo PNUD