Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Practicing argumentation in secondary school classrooms benefits students both in terms of learning how to argue and learning the course material at hand. Amidst the onset and growth of engineering design courses in secondary schools, this dissertation is an exploratory case study to characterize the use of argumentation among novice student engineering designers. The setting is a high school robotics class. Specifically, a group of students from one class section teamed up with a group of students from a separate class section to design and build a single robot. The team members communicated online via a shared, editable document. That text is the primary data set for my analysis. I looked for indications of argumentation structure that emerged from the online discussion, given that, to my knowledge, the students had not been taught argumentation strategies, per se. Engineering design is relatively new to secondary school, so I thought it appropriate to develop a baseline—a case study that reveals how students communicate about their designs when left largely to their own devices. This study may inform the development argumentation scaffolds that support the students’ existing strengths while ameliorating their weaknesses. My analytical supposition was that argumentation in design will take the form of resolving differences of opinion toward the creation of a single design. Hence, I used Pragma-dialectic theory as my analytical framework. It is a broad theory, based upon resolving differences of opinion in everyday conversation. As such, Pragma-dialectic theory may also be able to encompass the idiosyncrasies of team design, such as reliance on intuition and experience, as well as the important roles that designed objects play throughout the process. Taken together, the importance of intuition, experience, and objects suggests multiple modes of communication that ought to be considered arguments within design deliberations. Results suggest that the students worked to resolve differences of design opinions. In doing so, the students relied heavily on their designed objects to make their arguments meaningful. I classified five object-based claims which emerged from the students’ discussions: keystone, tinkering, visual, tactile, and counterfactual. These form the beginnings of a theory of object-based argumentation. / text

Tras el análisis de las principales teorías de la argumentación contemporáneas, se desarrollan concepciones alternativas de las dimensiones lógica, dialéctica y retórica de la argumentación de cara a la elaboración de una teoría normativa capaz de integrarlas. / After the analysis of the main current theories of argumentation, I develop alternative conceptions of the logical, dialectical and rhetorical dimensions of argumentation towards the elaboration of a normative theory of argumentation able to integrate them.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Today's market environment stands in stark contrast to the business world of just a few decades ago when there was less global competition, the pace of business was much slower, and work was predominantly non-tacit in nature. This new environment calls for transformational change, which is the topic of this project. It is also about a small company called Pragma that had to find its way in a twnultuous business environment. Not only has Pragma had to contend with the prevailing macroeconomic forces, but the company also found itself in one of the most turbulent market environments, namely software development. In response to mounting external pressures, Pragma launched a change initiative dubbed "Recubed". This thesis evaluates this initiative by first considering a wide spectrum of change management literature and cases before applying it to Pragma. Pragma provides solutions that improve the perfonnance of physical assets at optimal lifecyc1e cost. Since the company's foundation in 1990, it has helped hundreds of organisations ranging in size from small enterprises to large multinationals to achieve improved operational efficiency. Clients have billions of rand invested in plants and equipment. In order to be globally competitive it is crucial that they should derive optimal value from these assets during their lifecycles, and Pragma helps them achieve this through a range of offerings that include software, outsourced services, consulting, and training. In late 2003, faced with poor company perfOiTIlanCe, Pragma had to ask itself in depth questions about the industry it was competing in, the business models and corporate structures it was employing, the vision it was pursuing and the culture it was living. The first change management model to be considered is the Four Box model as it provides a very basic, yet universal approach to thinking about change. The more complicated BurkeLitwin model is discussed next, as it has in recent years become a favoured framework for thinking about organisational change and perfonnance. The DICE model is a recent innovation purported to provide some hard handles on a very soft subject. The Positive Deviance approach seeks to identify individuals or organisational divisions that defy the status quo. Organisations can then learn from their practices and apply it throughout. Collins' Good to Great model is included since it provides a non-traditional view on what is really important in bringing about lasting change. To balance this, the author also include Kotter's model as the traditional change management benchmark. The MegaChange model is based on the assumption of human capability rather than limitations. The thesis considers the situations at some large international companies that successfully transfonned themselves. These companies are P&G, Telef6nica de Espaiia, D&B, Poste Italiane, Banca Intesa, EMC and Barclays Bank. The one overriding conclusion is that deep change is possible, whatever the challenges faced or the industry under consideration might be. Yet change does not bappen by itself, and in each of the cases there was a strong leader and a competent and motivated team that supported him. Each case places emphasis on a different element of the change process, but underlying patterns emerged. These include the importance of speaking to both the hearts and minds of people, ceaseless communication, facing up to the current reality, managing simultaneously for the short and long-tenn, the alignment of systems with the vision, and progress measurement. Leadership is essential to organisational change. Change, by definition, requires an alternative vision of the future. Leaders are required to craft this vision and to get people to believe in it. Employees and managers today need to know much more about leadership than their predecessors. In the modem organisation, every employee should be a leader, as he will be required to lead at least himself. Great leaders are instigators. Their challenge is to do everything in their power to get other people to join together to make the envisioned future come true. To do this they require a capacity to stir an excitement and belief within people, and the way they do this is through words, actions, images, pictures, and scores. If they can tap into the common thread that runs through humanity's hopes and dreams, they will be successful. There are many leadership styles, each with its own pros and cons. This thesis will consider charismatic leadership, leadership when you are not the boss, servant leadership, and spiritual leadership. The leadership chapter concludes with a case study on leadership - the leadership style of Colin Powell. The main positive elements of the Recubed initiative included strong individual leadership, a willingness to face the reality of the crisis, a culture of discipline, a commitment to a Hedgehog Concept, and copious communication of the vision. The element that most set the initiative apart from other literature and cases is the use of sensual stimuli to tap into the emotional side of the audience, as well as the use of creative elements such as stories, riddles and puzzles. The primary shortcomings of the initiative relate to its implementation. There were not enough senior managers who were prepared to devote the required amount of time to cascading change down into the organisation. Progress measurement tools were also not implemented. The lack of a fonnal HR function exacerbated the implementation problems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vandag se mark omgewing sien daar baie anders daar uit as die besigheidswêreld van’n paar dekades gelede toe daar minder globale kompetisie was, die pas waarteen besigheid bedryf was aansienlik stadiger was, en werk tipies nie-taktiel van aard was. Hierdie nuwe omgewing verg transformele verandering, wat die onderwerp van hierdie studie is. Dit handel ook oor ‘n klein maatskappy genaarnd Pragma wat sy weg moes baan te midde van 'n ongeordende besigheidsomgewing. Pragma moes nie net rekening hou met die heersende makroekonomiese kragte nie, maar die maatskappy het homself ook bevind in een van die mees turbulente mark segmente, naamlik sagteware ontwikkeling. In reaksie op toenemende druk het Pragma 'n veranderingsinisiatief geloods wat "Recubed" genoem is. Die tesis evalueer hierdie inisiatief deur eerstens 'n wye spektrum literatuur en gevallestudies oor verandering bestuur te oorweeg voordat dit op Pragma van toepassing gemaak word. Pragma voorsien oplossings wat die prestasie van fisiese bates verbeter en die lewensiklus koste optimeer. Sedert die maatskappy se ontstaan in 1990 het dit honderde organisasies wat wissel vanaf klein ondernemings tot groot multinasionale maatskappye gehelp om hul operasionele effektiwiteit te verbeter. Kliënte besit aanlegte en toerusting ter waarde van biljoene rande. Om globaal te kan kompeteer is dit noodsaaklik dat hulle optimale waarde uit hul bates put, en Pragma help hulle hiermee deur middel van 'n reeks aanbiedinge wat sagteware, uitkontraktering, konsultasie en opleiding insluit. In laat 2003 het Pragma swak presteer, en die maatskappy was verplig om diepgaande ondersoek in te stel na die industrie waarbinne dit kompeteer, die besigheidsmodelle en strukture wat dit aanwend, die visie wat dit nastreef, en die kultuur wat dit leef. Die eerste bestuursmodel wat oorweeg word, is die Four Box-model aangesien dit 'n baie eenvoudige, maar tog universele benadering tot verandering versinnebeeld. Die meer ingewikkelde Burke-Litwin-model word ook bespreek aangesien dit die afgelope jare 'n voorkeur raamwerk vir denke oor organisasie verandering en prestasie geword het. Die DICE model is 'n onlangse innovasie wat streef daarna om vaste greep te kry op 'n klaarblyklik moeilike onderwerp. Die Positiewe Afwyking-benadering streef daarna om individue te identifiseer wat beter as die status quo presteer. Organisasies kan van hul praktyke leer en dit regdeur die organisasie aanwend. Collins se Good to Great-model word ingesluit as 'n nie-tradisionele uitkyk op wat werklik belangrik is om volhoubare verandering teweeg te bring. Ter wille van balans word Kotter se model ook beskou as 'n tradisionele riglyn vir bestuursverandering. Die MegaChange model is gegrond op die veronderstelling van menslike bekwaamheid eerder as beperkinge. Die tesis bestudeer ook 'n aantal groot internasionale maatskappye wat daarin geslaag het om suksesvol te transformeer. Hierdie maatskappye is P&G, Telefonica de Espana, D&B, Poste ltaliane, Banca Intesa, EMC en Barclays Bank. Die sentrale gevolgtrekking wat uit hierdie gevallestudies gemaak kan word, is dat verandering moontlik is, ongeag die uitdagings of industrie ter sprake. Tog gebeur verandering nie vanself nie, en in elk van die bespreekte gevalle was daar 'n sterk Ieier wat ondersteun is deur 'n bevoegde en gemotiveerde span. Elke geval benadruk 'n spesifieke element van die veranderingsproses, maar onderliggende patrone tree na vore. Dit sluit in die belangrikheid daarvan om tot mense deur te dring deur sowel hul hart as hulle verstand aan te spreek, onophoudelike kommunikasie, die trotsering van die huidige realiteit, om gelyktydig vir beide die kort- en langtermyn te bestuur, om stelsels in lyn te bring met die visie, en die meting van vordering. Leierskap staan sentraal tot verandering wat per definisie 'n alternatiewe visie van die toekoms vereis. Leiers word benodig om hierdie visie te vorm en om mense te oorreed om daarin te glo. Werknemers en bestuurders moet vandag meer weet van leierskap as hul voorgangers. Binne die moderne organisasie moet alle werknemers leiers wees, aangesien hulle ten minste hulleself sal moet lei. Goeie leiers is aanstigters. Hul uitdaging is om alles binne hul vermoë te doen om ander te kry om hulle visie 'n realiteit te maak. Dit verg die vermoë om mense te inspireer en aan te moedig deur middel van woorde, dade, beelde, prente en tellings. Hulle is suksesvol wanneer hulle mense se universele hoop en drome aanspreek. Daar is verskeie leierskap style, elk met sy eie voor- en nadele. Die tesis sal 'n aantal andersoek - charismatiese Ieierskap, leierskap wanneer jy nie die baas is nie, dienende leierskap, and geestelike leierskap. Die Ieierskap hoofstuk sluit af met 'n gevallestudie - die leierskap styl van Colin Powell. Die belangrikste positiewe elemente van die Recubed-inisiatief sluit in individuele leierskap, 'n bereidheid om die realiteit van die krisis te trotseer, 'n kultuur van dissipline, 'n verbintenis tot 'n Hedgehog Concept, en oorvloedige kommunikasie van die visie. Die element wat dit die meeste onderskei van ander modelle en gevallestudies is die gebruik van sensuele stimulus om die emosies van die luisteraars aan te spreek, asook die gebruik van kreatiewe elemente soos stories en raaisels. Die primêre tekortkomings het betrekking op die implementering van die inisiatief. Nie genoeg senior bestuurders was bereid om die tyd te bestee wat dit sou verg om die verandering deur die maatskappy te laat filter nie. Die nodige instrumente om vordering te meet, het ook ontbreek. Die gebrek aan 'n formele personeelbestuursfunksie het die probleem vererger.

Neste estudo, temos por proposta observar o debate político eleitoral, de modo a caracterizá-lo como um evento polêmico em que as opiniões não configuram o objeto principal do discurso dos interlocutores. Acreditamos que os participantes de tal gênero discursivo utilizam manobras argumentativas, que constituem falácias, como uma estratégia; entretanto, tal prática pode acarretar consequências ou efeitos diferentes daquelas tradicionalmente decorrentes de tal manobra. Como fundamentação teórica, aplicamos os conceitos da Teoria Pragmadialética da Argumentação (van Eemeren e Grootendorst: 1984, 1992, 2004), de certa forma conectada à Dialética, mas que apresenta diferenças importantes, principalmente por meio da dicotomia entre os termos Formal e Pragma (derivada de Pragmática). Os elementos pragmáticos que esse termo pressupõe referem-se à Teoria dos Atos de Fala e à Análise do discurso, inspiradas pelas descobertas dos filósofos que analisam a linguagem do cotidiano. Tratamos do emprego da falácia como uma espécie de inobservância às Regras de Discussão Crítica - regras que fazem referência a um comportamento, ou ação, pelo qual os interlocutores são responsáveis. Cada tipo de falácia pode ocorrer em um determinado estágio de discussão crítica, a qual corresponde a um modelo que apresenta estágios distintos, analiticamente, no processo de solucionar uma discussão, e cada violação às regras da discussão crítica pode tornar a resolução da diferença de opinião mais difícil ou mesmo impossível, configurando-se uma falácia. Tais violações são realizadas por meio de atos de fala dos tipos assertivo, comissivo, diretivo, declarativo ou declarativo de uso. A metodologia a ser utilizada constitui-se da observação das unidades de análise (os turnos de fala dos participantes), de modo a classificar a ocorrência das falácias. O corpus selecionado refere-se a debates políticos eleitorais exibidos pela mídia televisiva, no ano de 2008, referentes às eleições à prefeitura da cidade São Paulo-SP. / This paper deals with political debate, in order to analyze if the opinions are truly the aim of this kind of discourse and some of the strategic arguments, that can be understand as fallacies, would be find. At the Pragma-dialectical approach of argumentation (van Eemeren e Grootendorst: 1984, 1992, 2004) the concept of fallacies could be better understood as one impediment to the resolution of a disagreement. The theory proposes ten rules for the conduct of an ideal model of a critical discussion. A fallacy is a violation of one of the ten rules. Generically, such fallacies are moves which disrupt or derail the process of rationally resolving an expressed difference of opinion. A fallacy can happen in the various stages of a critical discussion by the performance of speech acts: comissives, directives, expressive and declaratives. The methodology is the observation of the speech acts of the participants on a debate in order to verify the fallacies that can occur. Political debates from 2008, for the mayor of Sao Paulo election is the corpus selected.

Uppsatsen undersöker negativ valretorik i några utvalda valkampanjer från Nya moderaterna och Alliansen. Materialet består av tre valkampanjer, två från Nya moderaterna och en från Alliansen. Samtliga kännetecknas av användandet av negativ valretorik. De metoder och analyser som används är topikanalys, pragma-dialektisk argumentationsanalys, stilanalys och visuell retorik. Syftet med uppsatsen är att genom dessa metoder analysera valkampanjerna för att se hur negativ valretorik används som en retorisk strategi.

Orientador: Washington Luiz Pacheco de Carvalho / Banca: Carmen Roselaine Farias / Banca: Jair Lopes Junior / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi explorar e analisar o engajamento discursivo, assim como as concepções de ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente, de alunos de um curso técnico durante os processos argumentativos em sala de aula. Para realização da proposta foi necessária a elaboração de um minicurso intitulado de Eficiência Energética. o material didático era composto por vídeos, textos da área e situações problemas, os quais envolviam as dimensões científica, social, política, tecnológica e ambiental. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se da abordagem metodológica da pragmadialética e com base nessa perspectiva buscou-se analisar os atos de fala de cada participante, como estes interagiam um para com o outro, os pontos de vista defendidos individualmente, assim como as justificativas desenvolvidas em cada um destes e os estágios pelo qual a discussão passou. Neste contexto, percebemos indícios de redução da socialização comunicativa e, por conseguinte do engajamento discursivo. Esse interesse estratégico já denuncia que não houve uma simetria de oportunidade de falas. Outro ponto importante a ser observado é o contexto superficial de perfuntas e respostas e que, mesmo com as tentativas de incentivar a tematização dos seus atos de falas essas recaem em teorizações estratégicas de um ou mais alunos. Ao concebermos que uso da linguagem possui um ato intencional, em determinado contexto, o protagonista necessita entender que possui um compromisso público ao uso, e compreender que há necessidade de se relacionar com as pessoas daquele contexto. De fato, esses fundamentos são princípios básicos das interações sociais entre os indivíduos. Quanto às relações CTSA os alunos reconhecem o impacto que os artefatos tecnológicos podem provocar, na sociedade, perdas nas tradições culturais, na criatividade, além do banimento das interações sociais / Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore and analyze the discursive engagement of students in a technical course in the argumentative process in the classroom. For realization of the proposal was necessary to prepare a mini-course on Energy Efficiency. The material consisted of vídeos, texts of the area problems and situations, which envolved the dimensions scientific, economic, social, political, environmental and technology. For data analysis was used to approch the pragma-dialetical perspective and based on that sought to examine the acts of speech of each participant as they interact with one another, the views held by each, thus as justifictions developed by each of the stages and for which the discussion started. In this context, we observe evidence of reduced communicative socialization and therefore discursive engagement. Another important point to note is the superficial context of questions and answers, and that even with attempts to promote explanations about the themes, their speech acts fall into one or more strategic actions of students. The strategic interest already complained that there wasn't symmetry of opportunities to talk. We understand that language use has an intentional act, in certain contexts, the protagonist needs to understand that has a public commitment to use, and understand that there is a need to relate to people in that context. In fact, these fundamentals are basic principles of social interactions among individuals. About CTSA relations students recognize the impact that technological artifacts may result in society, losses in cultural traditions, creativity, and the banishment of social interactions / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:52:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bortoletto_a_me_bauru.pdf: 959851 bytes, checksum: b7bd2e7d9211d2ed4842418dfa06c291 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi explorar e analisar o engajamento discursivo, assim como as concepções de ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente, de alunos de um curso técnico durante os processos argumentativos em sala de aula. Para realização da proposta foi necessária a elaboração de um minicurso intitulado de Eficiência Energética. o material didático era composto por vídeos, textos da área e situações problemas, os quais envolviam as dimensões científica, social, política, tecnológica e ambiental. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se da abordagem metodológica da pragmadialética e com base nessa perspectiva buscou-se analisar os atos de fala de cada participante, como estes interagiam um para com o outro, os pontos de vista defendidos individualmente, assim como as justificativas desenvolvidas em cada um destes e os estágios pelo qual a discussão passou. Neste contexto, percebemos indícios de redução da socialização comunicativa e, por conseguinte do engajamento discursivo. Esse interesse estratégico já denuncia que não houve uma simetria de oportunidade de falas. Outro ponto importante a ser observado é o contexto superficial de perfuntas e respostas e que, mesmo com as tentativas de incentivar a tematização dos seus atos de falas essas recaem em teorizações estratégicas de um ou mais alunos. Ao concebermos que uso da linguagem possui um ato intencional, em determinado contexto, o protagonista necessita entender que possui um compromisso público ao uso, e compreender que há necessidade de se relacionar com as pessoas daquele contexto. De fato, esses fundamentos são princípios básicos das interações sociais entre os indivíduos. Quanto às relações CTSA os alunos reconhecem o impacto que os artefatos tecnológicos podem provocar, na sociedade, perdas nas tradições culturais, na criatividade, além do banimento das interações sociais / The objective of this study was to explore and analyze the discursive engagement of students in a technical course in the argumentative process in the classroom. For realization of the proposal was necessary to prepare a mini-course on Energy Efficiency. The material consisted of vídeos, texts of the area problems and situations, which envolved the dimensions scientific, economic, social, political, environmental and technology. For data analysis was used to approch the pragma-dialetical perspective and based on that sought to examine the acts of speech of each participant as they interact with one another, the views held by each, thus as justifictions developed by each of the stages and for which the discussion started. In this context, we observe evidence of reduced communicative socialization and therefore discursive engagement. Another important point to note is the superficial context of questions and answers, and that even with attempts to promote explanations about the themes, their speech acts fall into one or more strategic actions of students. The strategic interest already complained that there wasn't symmetry of opportunities to talk. We understand that language use has an intentional act, in certain contexts, the protagonist needs to understand that has a public commitment to use, and understand that there is a need to relate to people in that context. In fact, these fundamentals are basic principles of social interactions among individuals. About CTSA relations students recognize the impact that technological artifacts may result in society, losses in cultural traditions, creativity, and the banishment of social interactions

Neste estudo, temos por proposta observar o debate político eleitoral, de modo a caracterizá-lo como um evento polêmico em que as opiniões não configuram o objeto principal do discurso dos interlocutores. Acreditamos que os participantes de tal gênero discursivo utilizam manobras argumentativas, que constituem falácias, como uma estratégia; entretanto, tal prática pode acarretar consequências ou efeitos diferentes daquelas tradicionalmente decorrentes de tal manobra. Como fundamentação teórica, aplicamos os conceitos da Teoria Pragmadialética da Argumentação (van Eemeren e Grootendorst: 1984, 1992, 2004), de certa forma conectada à Dialética, mas que apresenta diferenças importantes, principalmente por meio da dicotomia entre os termos Formal e Pragma (derivada de Pragmática). Os elementos pragmáticos que esse termo pressupõe referem-se à Teoria dos Atos de Fala e à Análise do discurso, inspiradas pelas descobertas dos filósofos que analisam a linguagem do cotidiano. Tratamos do emprego da falácia como uma espécie de inobservância às Regras de Discussão Crítica - regras que fazem referência a um comportamento, ou ação, pelo qual os interlocutores são responsáveis. Cada tipo de falácia pode ocorrer em um determinado estágio de discussão crítica, a qual corresponde a um modelo que apresenta estágios distintos, analiticamente, no processo de solucionar uma discussão, e cada violação às regras da discussão crítica pode tornar a resolução da diferença de opinião mais difícil ou mesmo impossível, configurando-se uma falácia. Tais violações são realizadas por meio de atos de fala dos tipos assertivo, comissivo, diretivo, declarativo ou declarativo de uso. A metodologia a ser utilizada constitui-se da observação das unidades de análise (os turnos de fala dos participantes), de modo a classificar a ocorrência das falácias. O corpus selecionado refere-se a debates políticos eleitorais exibidos pela mídia televisiva, no ano de 2008, referentes às eleições à prefeitura da cidade São Paulo-SP. / This paper deals with political debate, in order to analyze if the opinions are truly the aim of this kind of discourse and some of the strategic arguments, that can be understand as fallacies, would be find. At the Pragma-dialectical approach of argumentation (van Eemeren e Grootendorst: 1984, 1992, 2004) the concept of fallacies could be better understood as one impediment to the resolution of a disagreement. The theory proposes ten rules for the conduct of an ideal model of a critical discussion. A fallacy is a violation of one of the ten rules. Generically, such fallacies are moves which disrupt or derail the process of rationally resolving an expressed difference of opinion. A fallacy can happen in the various stages of a critical discussion by the performance of speech acts: comissives, directives, expressive and declaratives. The methodology is the observation of the speech acts of the participants on a debate in order to verify the fallacies that can occur. Political debates from 2008, for the mayor of Sao Paulo election is the corpus selected.

Diese sprachanalytische Untersuchung befasst sich zum Zweck der Schärfung des argumentationsbezogenen Selbstverständnisses von Mediatoren mit ihren strategischen Handlungen gemäß einer modular strukturierten pragma-dialektischen philosophischen, theoretischen, analytischen, empirischen und praktischen Argumentationsforschung (fünf Komponenten). Durch die Ausarbeitung der internen Struktur der fünf Komponenten im Rahmen der Einführung einer Beschreibungssprache aus Relationsbegriffen wird die Dualität zwischen Theorie und Praxis der Argumentation, d. h. die „methodische Lücke“ zwischen Idealsprache und Aktualsprache, neuartig überbrückt. Es entsteht zugleich eine komplexe Übersicht über den Forschungsstand der Pragma-Dialektik. Dabei wird das analytische Potenzial des Idealmodells critical discussion kritisch bewertet, entsprechende Mängel werden in Bezug auf die Theorie-Praxis-Beziehung beseitigt. Wegen der praktischen Ausrichtung der Argumentationsforschung wird dann, erstens, über eine Integration von critical discussion mit Mediations-Regeln der Vereinten Nationen ein ontologischer Rahmen für strategische Gesprächsanalysen in Mediationssitzungen entwickelt. Zweitens wird eine Unterscheidung strategischer Handlungen im Rahmen der fünf Komponenten genutzt, um zu einer Lokalisierung der Komplexität der paradoxen Rolle von Mediatoren zu führen. Die zentralen Anforderungen an ihre argumentative Kompetenz sowie antizipierbare Strategien von Mediatoren als „analytisch-intuitive Praktiker“ werden ersichtlich, nämlich in ihrem Umgang mit der Theorie-Praxis-Lücke als „pragma-dialektische kritische Designer von Akzeptanz“. Wie, drittens, auf Grundlage dieser argumentativen Kompetenz durch die Nutzung der modular strukturierten Ergebnisse ein Flow von Kommunikation in der Praxis von Mediationssitzungen gesichert und damit zweckorientiert eine Optimierung der argumentativen Realität in Konfliktmanagements erreicht werden kann, wird in einer zweifach reflexiven Fallstudie vorgeführt.