This study aimed to investigate the relationship between oral pain, seeking treatment, treatment need and self-perceived dental impact in people ages 50 to 74 years in three sanitary districts of Porto Alegre. Cross-sectional study of people in Porto Alegre with 720 individuals, aged between 50 and 74 years living in three sanitary districts. The impacts of dental and sociodemographic data were collected through structured interviews. The Oral Impacts on Daily Performances - OIDP developed by Adulyanon, Vourapukjaru and Sheiham (1996) was used to measure the impacts. The data were analyzed using Poisson regression. The prevalence of pain in this population were 32.8% and was present in 32.5% of those reporting some impact on dental care, and daily activities more often associated with the prevalence of pain: Talking (37.6%), clean their teeth and gums (37.0%) and enjoy being with people (% 36.5) and with severe pain: Work (% 14.8), enjoy socializing with people (% 11.6) and rest (%11.1). The outcome variables significantly associated with high impact were seeking treatment in the last year [PR 0.72 (0.54 to 0.96)] and reasons for visiting a dentist because of pain [PR 1.75 (1.18 to 2, 61)]. These results serve as an aid in formulating public health policies, focusing on services for adults and the elderly, further studies are needed to establish causal relationship between dental pain and impact dental conditions and dental predictors of impact. / Este estudo teve como objetivo principal investigar a relação entre dor bucal, procura por atendimento, necessidade de tratamento auto-percebida e o impacto odontológico em pessoas em idades entre 50 e 74 anos de três distritos sanitários de Porto Alegre. Estudo analítico transversal de base populacional no município de Porto Alegre com 720 indivíduos, com idades entre 50 e 74 anos, residentes em três distritos sanitários. Os impactos odontológicos e os dados sociodemográficos foram coletados por meio de entrevistas estruturadas. O Oral Impacts on Daily Performances OIDP, desenvolvido por Adulyanon, Vourapukjaru, e Sheiham (1996) foi utilizado para medir os impactos. As informações foram analisadas através de regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de dor na população estudada foi 32,8% e esteve presente em 32,5% dos indivíduos que referiram algum impacto odontológico, sendo as atividades diárias mais frequentemente associadas com a prevalência de dor: Falar (37,6%), limpar seu dentes e gengivas (37,0%) e aproveitar o convívio com as pessoas (36,5%); e com dor severa: Trabalhar (14,8%), aproveitar o convívio com as pessoas (11,6%) e descansar (11,1%). As variáveis associadas significativamente ao desfecho impacto alto foram, procura por atendimento no último ano [RP 0,72 (0,54-0,96)] e motivos da consulta odontológica por dor [RP 1,75 (1,18-2,61)]. Os resultados deste trabalho servem como meio auxiliar na formulação de políticas públicas de saúde, voltadas ao atendimento de adultos e idosos, novos estudos são necessários para estabelecer relação causal entre dor dentária e o impacto odontológico, assim como das condições preditoras de impacto odontológico.

O câncer do colo do útero é responsável por 7% do total dos óbitos por câncer entre a população feminina brasileira e tem uma incidência estimada de 20/100 mil para todo o país. Evidências científicas comprovam que o papilomavírus humano (HPV) é causa necessária para a ocorrência deste tipo de câncer. Ações de prevenção e controle recomendadas têm se baseado no conhecimento sobre a epidemiologia da doença. Os estudos realizados no Brasil sobre a prevalência da infecção por HPV disponíveis na literatura têm características variadas que ainda não foram analisadas em conjunto e de modo sistematizado. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática dos artigos sobre prevalência do HPV em mulheres brasileiras considerando as prevalências globais e entre aquelas com exame citológico cervical normal. Foram selecionados todos os artigos após busca nas bases de dados Medline e BVS, tomando-se como termos human papillomavirus, HPV, prevalence Brazil. Entre 1989 e 2008, foram selecionados 155 artigos, sendo 133 nas bases de dados e 22 referências secundárias. Após leitura de título e resumo, 82 artigos foram incluídos, e a seguir submetidos à leitura integral dos textos, sendo enfim selecionados 14 artigos, os quais representaram estudos de quatro grandes regiões brasileiras (Sudeste 43,0%, Sul 21,4%, Nordeste 21,4% e Norte 7,1%). Em sua maioria (64,5%), trata-se de artigos que relatam desenho transversal. Com referência ao método de identificação do HPV nas mulheres, em oito (57,1%) artigos, há relato do emprego de PCR para tipagem do HPV e, em sete (50,0%) artigos, houve emprego de HC para detecção do HPV. As amostras variaram de 49 a 2329 mulheres. A prevalência global de infecção do colo do útero pelo HPV variou entre 13,7 e 54,3%, e para as mulheres com citologia normal, a prevalência de infecção pelo HPV no colo do útero varia entre 10 e 24,5%. Os resultados obtidos permitiram criar um panorama das prevalências e da distribuição da infecção pelo HPV e principais tipos em mulheres com citologia cervical normal e assim contribuir para a compreensão da distribuição da infecção pelo HPV no país, auxiliando na orientação de outros estudos bem como de políticas voltadas para a saúde da mulher e prevenção do câncer do colo do útero. / Cervical cancer causes 7% of cancer deaths among Brazilian female population and has an estimated incidence rate of 20/100 thousand for the country. Scientific evidences proof that human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary cause to this cancer. Control and prevention actions are recommended with the knowledge about the disease epidemiology. Brazilian studies about HPV prevalence in literature have different characteristics and wait to be analyzed in a set and in systematized manner. The aim of this study was perform a systematic review of the papers about HPV prevalence in Brazilian among Brazilian women, considering global prevalence and those with normal cytology results. All papers were selected after search in Medline and BVS databases, using terms human papillomavirus HPV prevalence Brazil NOT HIV NOT pregnant. Between 1989 and 2008, 155 papers were selected (133 in Medline, 22 secondary references). After reading of title and abstract, 82 papers were included, and then submitted to perusal of the texts; at the end, 14 papers were selected, representing studies from four great Brazilian regions (Southeast 43%, South 21,4%, Northeast 21,4% e North 7,1%). In 64,5% papers, the studies were cross-sectional. Concerning the HPV identifying method in women, in eight (57,1%) papers PCR was used to typing HPV and in seven (50%) papers HC was used to HPV detection. The samples range from 49 to 2329 women. HPV global prevalence in cervix range from 13,7 to 54,3%, and for women with normal cytology results, HPV prevalence in cervix varied from 10 e 24,5%. The results of this study may contribute to the understanding about distribution of HPV infection in country, helping to the guidance of other studies, as well as in the politics focused to womens health and control and prevention of cervical cancer.

Resumo: O presente estudo foi realizado para investigar a prevalência de enteroparasitas em crianças e funcionários da creche do município de Pratânia, Estado de São Paulo, e caracterizar geneticamente os isolados de Giardia duodenalis obtidos dos indivíduos desse grupo empregando gdh e tpi como genes-alvo. Para isso, amostras de fezes de 141 crianças com idade de zero a seis anos e de 18 colaboradores foram colhidas e processadas pelo método de centrífugo-flutuação e pelo kit TF-test®. Nas 141 crianças, parasitas e/ou comensais intestinais foram diagnosticados em 64 (45,4%), das amostras, sendo Giardia (22%) e Cryptosporidium (22%) os parasitas mais freqüentes. Nos funcionários, Giardia foi diagnosticada em apenas uma amostra (5,5%) e o protozoário comensal Entamoeba coli (22,2%) foi o mais prevalente. Empregando técnicas baseadas em PCR, o DNA extraído de 86 (31 amostras positivas e 55 negativas para Giardia no exame microscópico) foi amplificado e os produtos obtidos foram seqüenciados. A análise de 35 seqüências revelou a ocorrência de infecção pelos genótipos A (28,6%) e B (71,4%), subtipos AI, AII, BIII/BSI e BIV, no entanto, associações entre os genótipos e fatores de risco para a infecção não foram observadas. O alinhamento das seqüências de gdh e tpi, revelou a presença de um a 12 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) em isolados dos genótipos A e B, sendo que em alguns deles, as mutações foram responsáveis por alterações nas seqüências de aminoácidos. A infecção de seis crianças de um mesmo grupo e de uma funcionária por isolados classificados como genótipo B e apresentando seqüências nucleotídicas 100% idênticas entre si sugere a ocorrência de transmissão antroponótica na população estudada. Além disso, a maior prevalência do genótipo B, grupo predominante nas infecções humanas, reforça o fato de que a transmissão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children and employees of a daycare center of Pratania, São Paulo State, and to evaluate the genotypes Giardia duodenalis isolates obtained from individuals in this group by using gdh and tpi genes as targets. Fecal samples of 141 children aged zero to six years and 18 employees were processed by a flotation method and the TF-Test® kit. Of the 141 children samples, parasites and/or commensal organisms were diagnosed in 64 (45.4%) samples, and Giardia (22%) and Cryptosporidium (22%) were the most frequent parasites. In employees, Giardia was diagnosed in only one sample (5.5%) and the commensal protozoan Entamoeba coli (22.2%) was the most prevalent. DNA extracted from 86 samples (31 samples positive and 55 negative for Giardia by microscopic examination) was amplified by PCR and the products were sequenced. The analysis of 35 sequences revealed the occurrence of infection with genotypes A (28.6%) and B (71.4%) subtypes AI, AII, BIII / BIV and BSI, however, associations between genotypes and risk factors for infection were not observed. The alignment of the sequences revealed SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) in both genotypes A and B, altering the amino acid sequence of some isolates. Among isolates identified as genotype B, six obtained from children of the same group and one from the only one employee infected with Giardia showed gdh and tpi sequences different from reference ones, but 100% identical to each other. This data is suggestive of anthroponotic transmission in the studied population. In addition this finding, the higher prevalence of genotype B, the main group associated to human infections, reinforces the fact that anthroponotic transmission has importance in collective environments that meet children at an age that they still have not practice the basic precepts of hygiene. / Orientador: Semíramis Guimarães Ferraz Viana / Coorientador: Teresa Cristina G. de Oliveira-Sequeira / Banca: Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla / Banca: Marcelo Urbano Ferreira / Mestre

Abstract The diploma thesis is focused on the application of a national methodics for prevalence monitoring and comparison of pressure sores (decubitus ulcers) incidence in health care facilities in the Czech Republic. Pressure sores are a global problem and their incidence should be prevented by preventive measures and high-quality nursing care. However, despite all the provisions, we are not successful in the prevention of their incidence. It is necessary to define standardized quality indicators of the nursing care, to compare the results, and to share the information with specialists, which would result in continuous quality improvement (benchmarking), and to support good practice. In the world the quality indicators monitoring of health care is quite common, in the Czech Republic the process has been only developing. In the area of Czech nursing care only the falls in health care facilities are monitored on the national level. The methodics for the monitoring of pressure sore incidence has not been established yet on the national level. In 2003 the first comparison of four teaching hospitals was carried out in the incidence of pressure sores by means of the method of prevalence investigation. In 2005 the data collection methodics was elaborated during the solution of the grant project IGA MZ Č NO 77723-3. Six teaching hospitals were compared for the prevalence of pressure sores, with division into four specialty groups: internal medicine, surgical, intensive and follow-up care. In 2008 a project of quality and safety of the Ministry of Health was implemented, with a view to elaborate uniform methodics for prevalence investigation and comparison of a standard indicator in the area of pressure sores at the national level, regardless of the type of a health care facility. At the meeting of the Work Group for Health Care Quality of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic I recommended to include the indicator in the National Set of Health Care Indicators. The work aims at the verification of the applicability of the new methodics and software in practice, and at the facilitation of their implementation into practice. It is focused on the opinions of the project participants on the developed software, on its application into practice and on the challenges that should be tackled during the implementation into practice. In order to get the necessary information, we have chosen a method of qualitative investigation using a semi-structured interview. Eight respondents, direct participants in the project, were interviewed. According to the results of the interviews, health facilities pay much attention to the pressure sores monitoring. The investigations are carried out by means of an incidence and prevalence method. The monitoring of pressure sores incidence has not been included in clinical information systems yet, and it is carried out in several different ways. The interest in comparison between hospitals (benchmarking) is considerable. The results of the investigation are used above all for the purpose of improvement of measures preventing the incidence of pressure sores, of the improvement of quality of nursing care, and of reducing the workload of nurses. The extent of the economic impact of the pressure sores incidence on health facilities is not clear. If we want to facilitate the application of national methodics of monitoring the pressures sores prevalence to practice and the use of application software, we should ensure adequate awareness of health care managers, training of teams of health professionals, coordinators and editors, who will go on to work with the national methodics. The monitoring of the national quality indicator in the area of pressure sores is another shift in the implementation of goals of the Ministry of Health concerning the quality of care and safety of the patients.

p. 1-121 / Submitted by Antonio Geraldo Couto Barreto (ppgms@ufba.br) on 2013-10-03T14:33:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese versão final enviada à gráfica.pdf: 1334625 bytes, checksum: 705001111bc4ab96e416b5ae88c938cb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barroso(pbarroso@ufba.br) on 2013-10-03T18:03:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese versão final enviada à gráfica.pdf: 1334625 bytes, checksum: 705001111bc4ab96e416b5ae88c938cb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-03T18:03:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese versão final enviada à gráfica.pdf: 1334625 bytes, checksum: 705001111bc4ab96e416b5ae88c938cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Objetivo:Observar a prevalência do tabagismo entre adolescentes no Brasil;analisar fatores de risco ao tabagismo.Métodos:Estudo descritivo observacional e estudo de corte transversal. Foram pesquisados estudos de corte transversal ou coorte nos últimos 40anos,contendo percentuais de prevalência e/ou experimentação nos bancos de dados:MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS e PubMeD; por busca ativa e comunicados oficiais,sendo selecionados 84 trabalhos.Foi realizado estudo de corte transversal de agosto a dezembro de 2011 com 781 estudantes do ensino público/privado de Campina Grande-PB.A análise estatística utilizou-se do ambiente computacional R versão 2.15.0, teste qui-quadrado, intervalo de confiança e regressão logística ao nível de confiança de 5%.Resultados:Houve redução acentuada daprevalência do tabagismo na população brasileira entre o final da década de 80 até metade da década de 2000,mas menor variação posteriormente;redução da prevalência entre jovens e aumento percentualde mulheres tabagistas.Nas regiões brasileiras,houve redução no Sudeste, Sul e Nordeste e aumento no Centro-Oeste.A prevalência entre adolescentes brasileiros foi semelhante ou menor do que a da maioria dos países avaliados.Os fatores que fomentam o tabagismo estão relacionados à convivência com fumantes e usuários de outras drogas psicoativas ou utilizá-las,fácil acesso,propaganda,inexistência ou não cumprimento de leis antitabagismo, inexistência de campanhas de prevenção. Na cidade avaliada,a prevalência de escolares tabagistas foi de 9,8%.Destes,2,9% eram regulares,2,8%, ocasionais e 4,1% regulares e ocasionais simultaneamente.O percentual de experimentação foi de 31,2%,o de tabagistas atuais de 6,0%e ex-tabagistas 4,6%.Fumantes passivos foram 68%.Os fatores influentes foram:conviver com fumantes, ser indiferente ao controle da venda,achar desnecessário o aumento da fiscalização e ver menores comprando cigarros. Conclusão:A prevalência do tabagismo entre jovens no Brasil foi baixa,comparando-se com outros países,sendo altos experimentação e tabagismo passivo;houve aumento da prevalência no sexo feminino.Os fatores influentes no tabagismo estão ligados ao convívio com tabagistas e à inexistência ou ausência de rigor no cumprimento das leis antitabagismo dirigidas a essa faixa etária. / Salvador

p. 1-68 / Submitted by Antonio Geraldo Couto Barreto (ppgms@ufba.br) on 2013-10-04T11:15:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE NEUROPATIA PERIFERICA NA DPI-GRACAS.pdf: 925860 bytes, checksum: accf87e5eb47a69b54a193d8b77c2a6b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barroso(pbarroso@ufba.br) on 2013-10-08T17:02:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE NEUROPATIA PERIFERICA NA DPI-GRACAS.pdf: 925860 bytes, checksum: accf87e5eb47a69b54a193d8b77c2a6b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-08T17:02:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE NEUROPATIA PERIFERICA NA DPI-GRACAS.pdf: 925860 bytes, checksum: accf87e5eb47a69b54a193d8b77c2a6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Palavras-chaves: 1.; 2.; 3.; 4.; 5..1.; 2.; 3.levodopa; 4., 5.homocysteine. / Indivíduos com doença de Parkinson idiopática (DPI) podem apresentar neuropatia periférica, o que pode agravar o desempenho motor. A causa da neuropatia periférica nesses pacientes é controversa. Objetivos- Identificar a prevalência de polineuropatia periférica (PNP) e os fatores que contribuem para seu surgimento na DPI. Métodos- Corte transversal com grupo controle. Foram avaliados 66 indivíduos: 36 com doença de Parkinson e 30 controles quanto à presença de polineuropatia pelos Escores de Toronto (ET), de Sintomas (ESN) e de Comprometimento Neuropáticos (ECN), e pela Eletroneuromiografia (EMG). Investigou-se a possível associação entre níveis séricos aumentados de homocisteína (HCI), hipovitaminose B12 (VB12), e diminuição de ácido fólico no soro, uso da levodopa, a gravidade da doença de Parkinson e a PNP. Resultados- O grupo Parkinson foi composto por 16M/20F [idade 69,4±6,8 anos] e os controles por 12M/18F[idade 70,5±6,1 anos]. A maioria dos participantes apresentou escores clínicos sugestivos de neuropatia, ET [controles 3,8±2,6; DPI 5,3±1,8, p=0,012], ECN [controles 3,0±2,3; DPI 4,2±1,7, p=0,026], alterações neuropáticas no estudo condução nervosa sensitiva e motora dos nervos sural e fibular ocorreu em 3% dos controles e em 8% dos pacientes com DPI. Embora a HCI tenha sido mais alta nos DPI, a diferença não foi significante [DPI 16,01±6,88 mmol/L; controles 14,68±5,77 mmol/L, p=0,403]; níveis baixos de VB12 foram mais frequentes nos controles 30% vs 19,4%, p=0,961. Não houve associação entre as dosagens bioquímicas (coef.associação= 0,30), nem entre o uso de levodopa (Phi= 0,533) e a PNP, que esteve associada a DPI (RC=2,64). Conclusão- Na nossa amostra, os escores neuropáticos foram mais altos entre os portadores de DPI e não esteve associado ao uso da levodopa nem a hiperhomocisteinemia e/ou deficiência da vitamina B12. / Salvador

This thesis develops novel statistical methodology for estimating the incidence and the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) using routinely collected surveillance data. The robust estimation of HIV incidence and prevalence is crucial to correctly evaluate the effectiveness of targeted public health interventions and to accurately predict the HIV- related burden imposed on healthcare services. Bayesian CD4-based multi-state back-calculation methods are a key tool for monitoring the HIV epidemic, providing estimates of HIV incidence and diagnosis rates by disentangling their competing contribution to the observed surveillance data. Improving the effectiveness of public health interventions, requires targeting specific age-groups at high risk of infection; however, existing methods are limited in that they do not allow for such subgroups to be identified. Therefore the methodological focus of this thesis lies in developing a rigorous statistical framework for age-dependent back-calculation in order to achieve the joint estimation of age-and-time dependent HIV incidence and diagnosis rates. Key challenges we specifically addressed include ensuring the computational feasibility of proposed methods, an issue that has previously hindered extensions of back-calculation, and achieving the joint modelling of time-and-age specific incidence. The suitability of non-parametric bivariate smoothing methods for modelling the age-and-time specific incidence has been investigated in detail within comprehensive simulation studies. Furthermore, in order to enhance the generalisability of the proposed model, we developed back-calculation that can admit surveillance data less rich in detail; these handle surveillance data collected from an intermediate point of the epidemic, or only available on a coarse scale, and concern both age-dependent and age-independent back-calculation. The applicability of the proposed methods is illustrated using routinely collected surveillance data from England and Wales, for the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM).

Magister Curationis - Mcur / Research studies allude to the escalation of work related stress, which leads to burnout among mental health nurses, internationally. Mental health nursing is stressful because it is a helping profession that involves close interpersonal working relationships and the burden of providing nursing care to mental health care users (MHCUs) with complex emotional demands. These stressful working conditions render mental health nurses susceptible to burnout. Globally, health care services share a concern about the effects of burnout on nurses. Although burnout is a personal experience for the nurses, the results impact negatively on the quality of care delivered to MHCUs, while increasing the cost of care of the hospitals, which employ these mental health nurses.

Assessment and diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED) is a challenging task. The conventional ways of diagnosing DED are problematic due to their invasiveness, poor test reliability and significant test duration. Previously, ocular surface thermography has been shown to be able to detect early inflammation and dry eye. However, its diagnostic ability and ocular temperature metrics that can best diagnose DED are not clear. The objectives of this thesis were manyfold. First, the prevalence of dry eye in Singapore population was investigated as a helpful basis for the rest of the project. A cross-sectional dry eye survey was carried out using McMonnies dry eye questionnaire. Members of the public were interviewed at 46 (out of 62) selected mass rapid transit stations in Singapore and its vicinity. 1004 questionnaires were collected from participants aged 15 - 83 years and various ethnicity. Prevalence of symptomatic dry eye (SDE) was found to be 12.3% (about 0.5 million Singaporeans). Risk factors associated with SDE were found to be age, gender, ethnicity, hypertension and contact lens wear. Smoking was not associated with SDE.The main part of this thesis sought to evaluate the efficacy of ocular thermography in diagnosing DED. A new infrared detector (NEC Thermo Tracer TH 9260) with relatively high resolution was used. Inter-image, inter-occasion and inter-examiner repeatability was first studied on 21 healthy and 15 DED subjects. Ocular surface marking and ocular surface temperature (OST) acquisition was performed with a novel 'diamond' method using a custom-designed OST analysis V2 software. Ten out of the twelve tested OST indices were shown to be highly repeatable for three studied time points: 0 s, 5 s and 10 s. They were temperatures of the geometric center of the cornea (GCC), mean temperature (MOST) of the region of interest (ROI), maximum (MaxT) and minimum (MinT) temperatures of the ROI, extreme temporal (T1) and nasal conjunctiva (T4), mid temporal (CT) and nasal conjunctiva (CN) and temporal (LT) and nasal limbal (LN). Another 62 DED and 63 age- and sex-matched controls were then recruited and the ten static and dynamic OST indices were evaluated. Static measures were study of absolute OST at t = 0 s, 5 s and 10 s after eye opening. Dynamic measures were study of mean change and net change in OST over 10 s of sustained eye opening. Static measures on eight OST indices (GCC, MOST, MinT, MaxT, T4, CT, LT and LN) at t = 0 s, 5 s and 10 s and dynamic measures on two OST indices (T4 at 3 s onward and MaxT at 5 s onward) were found to be valuable in detecting DED. The temperature metrics (static and dynamic) were identified for further investigation. Thereafter, the diagnostic ability of the temperature metrics were evaluated singly and as combinations in terms of their area under the curve (AUC), Youden index and discrimination power. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for each metric. Best detectors for DED were found to be the T4 temperature metrics: particularly T4-5 and T4-10 (i.e. absolute temperature of the extreme nasal conjunctiva at 5 s and 10 s). Values of T4-5 of < 34.8 °C were found to give sensitivity and specificity of 87.1% and 50.8% respectively and values of T4-10 of < 34.6 °C were found to give sensitivity and specificity of 77.6% and 61.9% respectively. The two temperature metrics had highest Youden index as compared to other metrics and were shown to be useful in view of AUC > 70% but of limited performance in view of their discrimination power. Nevertheless, measuring T4-5 and T4-10 was found to be comparable to other conventional methods for DED. T4-10 was better than T4-5 in view of higher AUC and Youden index. None of the tested dynamic metrics was good detector for DED and combining metrics were not able to increase the diagnostic ability. The last part of this thesis was to validate the effectiveness of some common conventional dry eye tests, to study their correlation with T4 temperature metrics and derive the best composite/combined tests for DED. Sixty two DED patients and 82 controls were studied. The conventional clinical tests examined were: symptom evaluation using McMonnies dry eye questionnaire (Mscore) and symptom count (Scount), fluorescein break-up time (FBUT) and corneal epithelial staining (CES), non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH). Mscore and Scount was the best detectors for DED, followed by FBUT and CES. Discordance between signs and symptoms for DED was further confirmed. Combining CES with T4-10 (series) can be future objective tests for DED. Further research is warranted, particularly to (1) validate the ability of T4-10 as a stand-alone test for DED and (2) work out an algorithm and validate the diagnostic ability of the recommended combined test (CES and T4-10) using newly recruited subjects.

The primmary theme of this diploma thesis is to analyse the prevalence of overweight and obesity of children studying at second grade of elementary school in the district of České Budějovice. The theoretical part of the thesis was focused on the characteristics of the overweight and obesity and its influence on human?s health with the aim on children?s population. Furthermore, the thesis contains the main factors affecting occurence of overweight and obesity. Prevention and treatment of obesity has been presented as well. The crucial part of the thesis was the research itself. The research consisted of evaluation of results of antropometric measurement of the sample of probands studying at second grade of elementary school in the district of České Budějovice. Based on the measurement the height, weight, waist and hips circumference was found out. Furthermore, the birth weight and height was examined too. Based on the measurement the Body mass index was calculated and the predetermined research questions were answered. 243 probands from 9 elementary schools took part at the research. 11 girls were overweight (8,9% from the sample) and 17 boys (14,16%) were overweight. The prevalence of obesity was at 0,81% rate concerning girls and 10,83% rate concerning boys.