En stor andel av dagens barn och ungdomar är inte tillräckligt fysiskt aktiva, vilket är oroande då det finns ett positivt samband mellan pulshöjande fysiska aktiviteter och hälsa. Insatser för att öka barn och ungdomars fysiska aktiviteter är därför viktiga, där skolan som arena har en betydande roll. Skolan ska arbeta hälsofrämjande och ge eleverna en miljö där deras hälsa och lärande främjas. En viktig del i den stödjande skolmiljön är att stärka elever till att kunna ta makten över sina egna liv (egenmakt) där delaktighet är ett viktigt inslag. Tidigare studier visar på att pulshöjande fysiska aktiviteter kan ha en positiv effekt på koncentrationen, minnet och förbättra de akademiska prestationerna hos barn och ungdomar. Dock visar andra studier på motstridiga resultat och ifrågasätter även tidigare studiers resultat. Mer kunskap om skolpersonalens uppfattningar om pulshöjande fysiska aktiviteter i skolan behövs för att bättre kunna möta utmaningarna som uppstår samt få mer kunskap om vilka fördelar som pulshöjande fysiska aktiviteter i skolan för med sig. Studiens syfte var därför att utforska och beskriva hur skolpersonal uppfattar en pulshöjande fysisk aktivitetsintervention (PuLH). För att kunna svara på syftet användes följandefrågeställning: Vilka fördelar och utmaningar uppfattar skolpersonalen med PuLH? PuLH har genomförts i åtta kommuner i Jönköpings län. Interventionen har innehållit tre pulshöjande fysiska aktivitetspass i veckan, förutom de två obligatoriska idrott och hälsa lektionerna. Studien är en fallstudie med en explorativ design. Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom fokusgruppsintervjuer, öppna frågor och enskilda intervjuer. Totalt har 32 personer deltagit i studien varav 10 ämneslärare, 14 idrott och hälsa lärare samt åtta skolsköterskor. Datainsamlingen bearbetades och analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Dataanalysen ledde fram till tre teman och sex subteman. Skolpersonalen beskrev flera fördelar med PuLH både för elevernas hälsa, välbefinnande och deras villkor för lärande. De uppfattade även att de flesta av eleverna deltog och uppskattade de pulshöjande fysiska aktiviteterna. PuLH kan vara ett sätt att arbete hälsofrämjande i skolan eftersom det skapas förutsättningar till delaktighet och eleverna coachas att delta utifrån deras egna behov och de får delta på sina egna villkor. Skolpersonalen beskrev strukturella barriärer och divergens kring PuLH som utmanande. / A large proportion of today's children and adolescents are not sufficiently physically active, which is worrying as there is a positive relationship between moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPA) and health. Efforts to increase the physical activity of children and adolescents are therefore important, where school as an arena plays a considerable role. The school aims to promote health and provide pupils with an environment where their health and learning are promoted. An important part of the supportive school environment is that pupils are strengthened to be able to take control of their own lives (empowerment) and where participation is important. Previous studies show that MVPA can have a positive effect on concentration, memory and improve the academic performance for children and adolescents. However, other studies show contradictory results and question previous studies' results. More knowledge about school staff's perceptions of MVPA at school is needed to better meet the challenges that arise and gain more knowledge about the benefits that MVPA at school brings. The purpose of the study was therefore to explore and problematize how school staff perceive a MVPA intervention (PuLH). In order to answer the purpose, the following question was used: What advantages and challenges do school staff perceive with PuLH? PuLH has been implemented in eight municipalities in Jönköping County. The intervention included three MVPA sessions a week, in addition to the two compulsory sports and health lessons. The study is a case study with an explorative design. The data collection was conducted through focus group interviews, open questions and individual interviews. A total of 32 people participated in the study, of which 10 subject teachers, 14 sports and health teachers and eight school nurses. The data collection was processed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The data analysis led to three themes and six subthemes. School staff described several advantages of PuLH both for pupils' health, well-being and their conditions of learning. They also perceived that most of the pupils participated and appreciated the MVPA. PuLH can be a way to work health promotion in school because opportunities are created for participation and pupils are coached to participate according to their own needs and they can participate on their own terms. School staff described structural barriers and divergence around PuLH as challenging.

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No description available.

Bakgrund Ohälsosam stress och utmattningssyndrom ökar i samhället idag och kan leda till allvarliga psykiska och fysiska besvär hos människor. Det höga antalet sjukskrivningsdagar som ohälsosam stress leder till ger stora ekonomiska konsekvenser för samhället. Det är vetenskapligt bevisat att avslappningsövningar såsom meditation, mindfulness och yoga kan få kroppen att slappna av. Det identifieras däremot en kunskapslucka inom delar av hälso- och sjukvården om hur avslappningsövningar kan användas som egenvårdsåtgärd i omvårdnaden av patienter med symptom på ohälsosam stress. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser av avslappningsövningar som egenvårdsåtgärd hos personer med symptom på ohälsosam stress. Metod Icke systematisk litteraturöversikt har använts som metod för att sammanfatta tidigare gjord forskning. Sökningar i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL har gjorts och det har gett 16 vetenskapliga artiklar som har svarar mot syftet. Integrerad dataanalys användes för att få en bra bild över resultaten. Resultat I resultatet av litteratursökningen identifierades två huvudkategorier med sammanlagt sex underkategorier. Den första huvudkategorin var “Avslappningsövningars påverkan på ohälsosam stress och utbrändhetsvariabler” med underkategorierna: “Påverkan på ohälsosam stress”, “Mätbar minskning av stressnivåer”, “Påverkan på utbrändhetsvariabler” och “Långvarig påverkan på stress och utbrändhetsvariabler”. Huvudkategori två var “Hindrande och möjliggörande faktorer för att utföra avslappningsövningar” med underkategorierna: “Hindrande faktorer” och “Möjliggörande faktorer”. Slutsats Avslappningsövningar som egenvårdsåtgärd visade sig minska människors stressymptom och främja den psykiska hälsan. Stressreduceringen orsakade även positiva fysiologiska effekter i kroppen. Att utföra avslappningsövningar som egenvård var dock komplicerat för en del stressade deltagare i de undersökta studierna. Denna litteraturöversikts resultat kan vara till hjälp för vårdpersonal som vårdar människor som upplever stressrelaterade besvär. Avslappningsövningar som egenvårdsåtgärd kan ha en betydande roll i omvårdnaden av dessa patienter och de är även till hjälp för stressade yrkesgrupper i samhället såsom till exempel vårdpersonal. / Background Unhealthy stress problems and burnout are increasing in society today and the high number of sick leave days that unhealthy stress entails leads to high costs for society. It is scientifically proven that relaxation methods such as mindfulness, meditation and yoga help people relax and calm down. In healthcare, stressed patients can be helped to perform relaxation exercises, but there is a knowledge gap in how the exercises should be taught as a self-care method to the patients. Aim The purpose was to describe experiences of relaxation therapy as a self-care method for people who experience unhealthy stress problems. Method A non-systematic literature review has been used as a method to summarize previously done research. Searches in the databases PubMed and CINAHL have been done and it has yielded 16 scientific articles that have answered the purpose of the study. Integrated data analysis was used to get a good picture of the results. ResultsIn the result of the literature search, two main categories were identified with a total of six subcategories. The first main category was "Impact of relaxation exercises on unhealthy stress and burnout variables" with the subcategories: "Impact on stress", "Measurable reduction of stress levels", "Impact on burnout variables" and "Long-term impact on stress and burnout variables". The main category two was "Obstructive and enabling factors for performing relaxation exercises" with the subcategories: "Obstructive factors" and "Enabling factors". Conclusions Relaxation exercises were shown to reduce people's stress symptoms and promote mental health. The stress reduction also showed positive physiological effects on the body. But performing relaxation exercises as a self-care method was complicated for some stressed participants in the studies. The results of this study can be helpful for healthcare professionals who take care of people who experience stress-related problems. Relaxation exercises as a self-care measure can play a significant role in the care of these patients and it is also helpful for stressed professional groups in the society, such as caregivers.

Purpose: Coordinated school health programs (CSHPs), a type of health promoting school (HPS) program adopted by Canada and the USA, were developed to provide a comprehensive approach to school health in the USA. Community partnerships are central to CSHP and HPS efforts, yet the quality of collaboration efforts is rarely assessed. The purpose of this paper is to use Himmelman’s strategies for working together to assess the types of partnerships that are being formed by CSHPs and to explore the methodological usefulness of this framework. The Himmelman methodology describes four degrees of partnering interaction: networking, coordinating, cooperating, and collaborating, with each degree of interaction signifying a different level of partnership between organizations. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected as part of the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 CSHP annual Requests for Proposal from all 131 public school systems in Tennessee. Thematic analysis methods were used to assess partnerships in school systems. Descriptive analyses were completed to calculate individual collaboration scores for each of the eight CSHP components (comprehensive health education, physical education/activity, nutrition services, health services, mental health services, student, family, and community involvement, healthy school environment, and health promotion of staff) during the two data collection periods. The level of collaboration was assessed based on Himmelman’s methodology, with higher scores indicating a greater degree of collaboration. Scores were averaged to obtain a mean score and individual component scores were then averaged to obtain statewide collaboration index scores (CISs) for each CSHP component. Findings: The majority of CSHPs partnering activities can be described as coordination, level two in partnering interaction. The physical activity component had the highest CISs and scored in between coordinating and cooperating (2.42), while healthy school environment had the lowest score, scoring between networking and coordinating (1.93), CISs increased from Year 1 to Year 2 for all of the CSHP components. Applying the theoretical framework of Himmelman’s methodology provided a novel way to quantify levels of collaboration among school partners. This approach offered an opportunity to use qualitative and quantitative methods to explore levels of collaboration, determine current levels of collaboration, and assess changes in levels of collaboration over the study period. Research limitations/implications: This study provides a framework for using the Himmelman methodology to quantify partnerships in a HPS program in the USA. However, the case study nature of the enquiry means that changes may have been influenced by a range of contextual factors, and quantitative analyses are solely descriptive and therefore do not provide an opportunity for statistical comparisons. Practical implications: Quantifying collaboration efforts is useful for HPS programs. Community activities that link back to the classroom are important to the success of any HPS program. Himmelman’s methodology may be useful when applied to HPSs to assess the quality of existing partnerships and guide program implementation efforts. Originality/value: This research is the first of its kind and uses a theoretical framework to quantify partnership levels in school health programs. In the future, using this methodology could provide an opportunity to develop more effective partnerships in school health programs, health education, and public health.

Individer som ska tillbaka i arbete efter långtidssjukskrivning upplever att en hälsofrämjande kommunikation är en viktig och framgångsrik faktor i processen. Studien som har genomförts är en fallstudie där syftet var att undersöka hur arbetsmarknadskonsulenter och arbetshandledare arbetar med hälsofrämjande kommunikation för att få långtidssjukskrivna att återgå i arbete. För att besvara studiens frågeställning som framkom utifrån syftet har den salutogena teorin tillsammans med tidigare forskning tillämpats. En kvalitativ metod har tillämpats genom att tolv anställda intervjuats inom den mellansvenska kommunen och materialet som samlades in analyserades genom en tematisk analys. Av analysen framgick tre teman utifrån datainsamlingen, olika kommunikationsstilar, individanpassad kommunikation samt samtalsmetoder. Resultatet påvisar att arbetsmarknadskonsulenterna samt arbetshandledarna tillämpar flertalet tillvägagångssätt i kommunikationen för att öka deltagandet för långtidssjukskrivna. För att öka deltagandet tillämpar de en hälsofrämjande kommunikationen främst genom att engagera, stötta och vägleda deltagarna genom att bemöta varje individ utifrån deras specifika situation. Ämnet är tidigare relativt outforskat och därmed är det av intresse att undersöka detta vidare vid framtida studier. / Individuals who are going back to work after long-term sick leave experience that health promoting communication is an important and vital factor in the process. The study that has been conducted is a case study where the purpose was to investigate how labor market consultants and work supervisors work with health-promoting communication to get those on long-term sick leave to return to work. In order to answer the question of the study that emerged from the purpose, the salutogenic theory together with previous research has been applied. A qualitative method has been applied by interviewing 12 employees within the central Swedish municipality and the collected material was analyzed through a thematic analysis. The analysis revealed three themes based on the data collection, different communication styles, individualized communication and conversation methods. The results show that the labor market consultants and the supervisors apply the majority of approaches in communication to increase participation for those on long-term sick leave. To increase participation, they apply a health-promoting communication primarily by engaging, supporting and guiding the participants by responding to each individual based on their specific situation. The subject is previously relatively unexplored and thus it is of interest to investigate this further in future studies.

In the recent years, the consumer choices have been focused on health-promoting plant-based food and their preferences are oriented towards regional foodstuff from local productions. Therefore, an important factor for vegetables grown Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy) is to point out the added value of alpine farming to evaluate the nutritional values of farming products. Omics technologies (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) are aimed at investigating the assessment of different pools of molecules and how they are translated into the structure, function, and dynamics of a biological system or systems in order to provide a comprehensive characterization of a specific organism. Research use the omics techniques to exhaustively understand the functionality of food components. Several sophisticated chromatographic methods, spectroscopic techniques and chemometric tools are applied to give an insight into a comprehensive overview of the intrinsic quality, typicality and regionality of specific plant-based foods in the present PhD thesis: apples and potatoes. The quality of these foods is evaluated by quantifying the secondary metabolites to investigate their nutraceutical values. The aim of this PhD project is to use several analytical techniques (LC-MS, UV-VIS) that are capable of comprehensively characterizing the food metabolome with particular emphasis on those components with high nutritional values. The data analysis and data handling of omics data requires advanced bioinformatic, statistical, and chemometric tools. Potatoes and apples are chosen as target matrices for these studies for their relevance in the local economy and for the peculiar chemical composition of particular interest for their health-promoting proprieties. The information is acquired using several sophisticated chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, such as ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC– MS/MS) and UV/VIS. It is integrated to chemometric approaches (principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square regression (PLS), and data fusion) to achieve a comprehensive targeted chemical characterization. The sampling procedures gathers, in the case of the potatoes study, reference cultivars that may be found in the common retailers of Trentino/Alto-Adige and different production areas, the apples of 22 cultivars were harvest from the fields of the Laimburg Research Centre (Vadena, Italy) to guaranty comparability of the obtained data. Our results may be used as solid foundation for a reliable evaluation of apples and potatoes healthy "potential" value based on cutting-edge techniques, which are capable of providing comprehensive data regarding the alpine food quality parameters with high efficiency and reliability

Among abiotic stresses, salinity is considered the main limiting stress that negatively affects plant growth and reduces productivity worldwide. To overcome this challenge, a sustainable solution such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be used to meet the increasing demand for food. The desert microbe Enterobacter sp SA187, an endophytic PGPB, induces salt tolerance in both model plant and crops. The interaction between SA187 and the host plant triggers the sulfur pathway in the bacteria which then provides multiple sulfur-containing compounds to its host plant. However, the molecular sensor of these compounds in the host plant is not known. Here, we show that SA187 activates the plant target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. The beneficial effect of SA187 was lost in TOR mutants like raptor, and by the application of TOR inhibitor AZD8055. Next, we show that SA187 modulates the one- carbon (1C) metabolism of the host plant consisting of methionine and folate cycles. The beneficial effect of SA187 was compromised by using chemical inhibitors of folate cycle like Methotrexate (MTX) and Sulfadiazine (SDZ). The intermediates of the 1C metabolism like Homocysteine and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) showed similar beneficial effects as SA187 colonized plants. Finally, we showed that SA187 enhances 1C metabolism activity by increasing methylation index (SAM/SAH ratio) in the plants. Taken together, we could show that host TOR-1C axis is essential for plant salt tolerance by SA187.

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No description available.