Understanding the asymmetry in core collapse supernova explosions is pointed out by various astrophysicists as it is the key factor in determining the observational properties of the pulsars. The initial kick given by the ex- plosion to the pulsar affects its spin period and space velocity. Up to now, although the observations do not show a direct relation between the observational features of the pulsar and its space velocity, they show a clear relation between the spin period and the magnetic field strength, hence its radiation processes. In this thesis, as the method, tracing the companions of progenitors if they were in close binaries, which becomes a runaway star after the supernova explosion was chosen. Over the candidates selected in Guseinov et al (2005), the spectral types of 11 runaway candidates from 7 supernova remnants determined through analyzing their spectroscopic observations. Radial velocity determination was applied to the discovered B6V type star GSC 03156-01430 inside the supernova remnant G78.2+2.1. Also by studying the proper motion data, we compared the motion of the runaway star and the related pulsar in order to determine the asymmetry in the supernova explosion. The neutron star PSR 2021+4026 is moving with a 2-D velocity of &sim / 580 km/s with respect to the rest frame of its birth association Cyg OB9. &sim / 550 km/s more than expected in the symmetric case. Re-constructing the pre-supernova binary shows that the asymmetry in the supernova explosion does not depend on the binarity.

It has been noted by several authors that General Relativistic frame dragging in rotating neutron stars is a first order effect which has to be included in a self-consistent model of pulsar magnetospheric structure and associated radiation and transport processes. To this end, I undertook the present study with the aim of investigating the effect of General Relativity (GR) on millisecond pulsar (MSP) visibility. I developed a numerical code for simulating a pulsar magnetosphere, incorporating the GR-corrected expressions for the electric potential and field. I included curvature radiation (CR) due to primary electrons accelerated above the stellar surface, as well as inverse Compton scattering (ICS) of thermal X-ray photons by these electrons. I then applied the model to PSR J0437-4715, a prime candidate for testing the GR-Electrodynamic theory, and examined its visibility for the H.E.S.S. telescope. I also considered the question of whether magnetic photon absorption would take place for this particular pulsar. In addition, I developed a classical model for comparison with the GR results. I found that the typical electron energies and associated CR photon energies are functions of position above the polar cap (PC). These energies are also quite smaller in the GR case than in the classical case due to the different functional forms of the GR and classical electric fields. I found the CR energy cut-off to be ~ 4 GeV compared to the well-known classical value of ~ 100 GeV. Since the H.E.S.S. energy threshold is ~ 100 GeV, it seems as though the CR component will not be visible, contrary to wide-held opinion. However, the ICS component seems to be well in excess of the H.E.S.S. energy threshold and is expected to be visible. I also found that no pair production will take place for PSR J0437-4715. Hopefully, forthcoming H.E.S.S. observations will provide validation of these results. KEY WORDS: General relativistic frame dragging, GR electrodynamics, millisecond pulsar visibility, non-thermal radiation processes, pair production, H.E.S.S., individual pulsars: PSR J0437-4715. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

It has been noted by several authors that General Relativistic frame dragging in rotating neutron stars is a first order effect which has to be included in a self-consistent model of pulsar magnetospheric structure and associated radiation and transport processes. To this end, I undertook the present study with the aim of investigating the effect of General Relativity (GR) on millisecond pulsar (MSP) visibility. I developed a numerical code for simulating a pulsar magnetosphere, incorporating the GR-corrected expressions for the electric potential and field. I included curvature radiation (CR) due to primary electrons accelerated above the stellar surface, as well as inverse Compton scattering (ICS) of thermal X-ray photons by these electrons. I then applied the model to PSR J0437-4715, a prime candidate for testing the GR-Electrodynamic theory, and examined its visibility for the H.E.S.S. telescope. I also considered the question of whether magnetic photon absorption would take place for this particular pulsar. In addition, I developed a classical model for comparison with the GR results. I found that the typical electron energies and associated CR photon energies are functions of position above the polar cap (PC). These energies are also quite smaller in the GR case than in the classical case due to the different functional forms of the GR and classical electric fields. I found the CR energy cut-off to be ~ 4 GeV compared to the well-known classical value of ~ 100 GeV. Since the H.E.S.S. energy threshold is ~ 100 GeV, it seems as though the CR component will not be visible, contrary to wide-held opinion. However, the ICS component seems to be well in excess of the H.E.S.S. energy threshold and is expected to be visible. I also found that no pair production will take place for PSR J0437-4715. Hopefully, forthcoming H.E.S.S. observations will provide validation of these results. KEY WORDS: General relativistic frame dragging, GR electrodynamics, millisecond pulsar visibility, non-thermal radiation processes, pair production, H.E.S.S., individual pulsars: PSR J0437-4715. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Power management components can be found in a host of different applications ranging from portable hand held gadgets to modern avionics to advanced medical instrumentations, among many other applications. Low-dropout (LDO) linear regulators are particularly popular owing to their: ease of use, low cost, high accuracy, low noise, and high bandwidth. With all its glory, however, it tends to underperform switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) when with comes to power conversion efficiency, although the later generates a lot of ripple at its output. With the growing need to improve system efficiency (hence longer battery life) without degrading system performance, many high end (noise sensitive) applications such as data converters, RF transceivers, precision signal conditioning, among others, use high efficiency SMPS with LDO regulators as post-regulators for rejecting the ripple generated by SMPS. This attribute of LDO regulators is known as power supply rejection (PSR). With the trend towards increasing switching frequency for SMPS, to minimize PC board real estate, it is becoming ever more difficult for LDO regulators to suppress the associate high frequency ripple since at such high frequencies, different parasitic components of the LDO regulator start to deteriorate its PSR performance. There have been a handful of different techniques suggested in the literature that can be used to achieve good PSR performance at higher frequencies. However, each of these techniques suffers from a number of drawbacks ranging from reduced efficiency to increased cost to increased solution size, and with the growing demand for higher efficiency and smaller power supplies, these techniques have their clear limitations. The objective of this research project is to develop a novel current-mode LDO regulator that can achieve good high frequency PSR performance without suffering from the afore mentioned drawbacks. The proposed architecture was fabricated using a proprietary 1.5 um Bipolar process technology, and the measurement results show a PSR improvement of 20dB (at high frequencies) over conventional regulators. Moreover, the proposed LDO regulator requires a small 15nF output capacitor for stability, which is far smaller than some of the currently used techniques.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-06-09T19:54:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 rafaella_silva_pereira.pdf: 1318311 bytes, checksum: aa9b07990333a2529f1aa05e2f67a243 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-06-22T14:49:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 rafaella_silva_pereira.pdf: 1318311 bytes, checksum: aa9b07990333a2529f1aa05e2f67a243 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T14:49:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 rafaella_silva_pereira.pdf: 1318311 bytes, checksum: aa9b07990333a2529f1aa05e2f67a243 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar um diagn?stico hist?rico da comercializa??o do seguro de florestas do Programa de Subven??o do Seguro Rural ? PSR; bem como executar avalia??es econ?mica e de risco de investimento em plantios de eucalipto situados em Minas Gerais, considerando a influ?ncia do custo do seguro de florestas, evidenciando o seu impacto no projeto. Os dados utilizados no diagn?stico realizado s?o de uma s?rie hist?rica entre os anos de 2006 a 2015, referentes aos seguros de florestas do PSR. Os custos s?o oriundos de plantios de eucalipto localizados no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais. Simulou-se a cota??o do seguro para cobertura b?sica (inc?ndio e raio) e coberturas adicionais: fen?menos meteorol?gicos (chuva excessiva, granizo, geada, seca e tromba d??gua), ventos fortes e queda de aeronave. Na avalia??o econ?mica utilizou-se o Valor Presente L?quido (VPL), a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR) e o Custo (ou Benef?cio) Peri?dico Equivalente (CPE ou BPE). Procedeu-se a an?lise de sensibilidade de risco pelo m?todo de Monte Carlo. Apesar da ?rea coberta por seguro de florestas integradas ao PSR ainda representar um porcentual baixo das florestas totais plantadas no pa?s, o mercado deve ser considerado promissor, pois ? percebido um aumento significativo da contrata??o de seguros de florestas, desde o ano de implementa??o do programa. O que mais influenciam o valor do pr?mio do seguro s?o: a esp?cie a ser segurada, o seu ciclo, idade, a finalidade de uso da madeira e o tipo de cobertura desejada na contrata??o da ap?lice do seguro. A an?lise econ?mica realizada foi considerada vi?vel por todos os indicadores utilizados, apesar da probabilidade de se ter valores negativos para tais indicadores pela an?lise de risco de investimento. Os maiores investimentos do governo est?o na modalidade agr?cola do seguro rural, o que facilita a sua comercializa??o perante as outras. Assim, a implementa??o de maiores investimentos voltados para as outras categorias do seguro rural, com pol?ticas direcionadas para cada estado de forma diferente, atendendo as particularidades de cada regi?o, seriam alternativas para o desenvolvimento do mercado das outras modalidades do seguro rural. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / This study aims to carry out a historical diagnosis of the commercialization of the forest insurance of the Rural Insurance Subsidy Program (PSR); As well as carrying out economic and risk assessments of investment in eucalyptus plantations located in Minas Gerais, considering the influence of the cost of forest insurance, evidencing its impact on the project. The data used in the diagnostic carried out are of a historical series between the years 2006 to 2015, regarding the PSR forest insurance. The costs come from eucalyptus plantations located in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais. It simulated the insurance quote for basic coverage (fire and lightning) and additional coverages: weather phenomena (excessive rain, hail, frost, drought and water spout), strong winds and aircraft fall. In the economic evaluation, the Net Present Value (NPV), the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the Equivalent Periodic Cost (or Benefit) were used. The risk sensitivity analysis was performed by the Monte Carlo method. Although the area covered by forest insurance integrated into the PSR still represents a low percentage of the total planted forests in the country, the market should be considered promising, since it is perceived a significant increase in the contracting of forest insurance, since the year of implementation of the program . What most influences the value of the insurance premium are: the species to be insured, its cycle, age, the purpose of use of the wood and the type of coverage desired in the contracting of the insurance policy. The economic analysis performed was considered viable by all the indicators used, despite the probability of having negative values for such indicators by the investment risk analysis. The largest investments by the government are in the agricultural modality of rural insurance, which facilitates its commercialization in front of the others. Thus, the implementation of larger investments aimed at the other categories of rural insurance, with policies directed to each state in a different way, taking into account the particularities of each region, would be alternatives for the development of the market of other rural insurance modalities.

In order to support an integrated management policy and the rational use of water resources toward sustainable development, it is unavoidable the search of efficient instruments to measure the performance of hydrological and environmental systems. Indicators and indexes have the role of translating numerically one specific situation and point out to the decision maker the sustainability status of that region. The development of a hydro-environmental sustainability index complies a multidisciplinary analysis dealing with several interrelated aspects of hydrologic and environmental parameters, based on some important criteria such as: water availability, quality and use of water, people access to water, environment impact.To the development of such an index in the State of Cearà a representative area of the semiarid highland environment has been chosen: Baturità APA (Area of Environmental Protection).A model structure based on the Pression-State-Response approach has been considered, resulting in the proposition of a Hydro-Environmental Sustainability Index for the highlands in the Semiarid Brazilian Region. / No intuito de dar suporte à uma polÃtica de gestÃo integrada e uso racional dos recursos hÃdricos de forma a garantir um desenvolvimento sustentÃvel à imprescindÃvel a aplicaÃÃo de ferramentas capazes de medir o desempenho dos sistemas hÃdricos e ambientais. Os indicadores e Ãndices tÃm o papel de traduzir numericamente uma determinada situaÃÃo e apontar, ao tomador de decisÃo, o sentido da sustentabilidade de uma regiÃo. O desenvolvimento de um Ãndice de sustentabilidade hidroambiental (ISHA) corresponde a uma anÃlise multidisciplinar tratando de vÃrios aspectos de inter-relacionamento entre parÃmetros hÃdricos e ambientais tendo como base alguns critÃrios importantes como: disponibilidade hÃdrica, qualidade e uso da Ãgua, acesso à mesma e impacto no meio ambiente. Para o desenvolvimento de um Ãndice desta natureza no CearÃ, foi escolhida uma Ãrea representativa de Ambientes Serranos no SemiÃrido do Estado - a APA (Ãrea de ProteÃÃo Ambiental) do MaciÃo BaturitÃ. Foi considerado um modelo estrutural baseado na abordagem PressÃo-Estado-Resposta propondo uma metodologia de desenvolvimento de um Ãndice de Sustentabilidade Hidroambiental para Ãreas serranas do SemiÃrido brasileiro.

At the begining of this thesis radar theory and classification of radar systems is explained. Next part introduces antenna arrays with it’s parameters and possibilities. Main part contains design of digital beamformer on FPGA Cyclone V and it’s validation.

Podcasts är ett relativt nytt fenomen i medievärlden och har skapat ett utrymme som bryggar gapet mellan konsument och varumärke. Medieformen skapar en nära relation mellan lyssnare och programledare till den utsträckningen att lyssnare kan se programledare som vänner eller bekanta. Genom teorier inom bland annat word of mouth, influencer marketing och parasociala interaktioner har tre hypoteser utformats för att undersöka om parasociala interaktioner och engagemang påverkar podcastmarknadsföring. Hypoteserna undersöktes genom korrelationsanalys, t-test och regressionsanalys med data från en enkätundersökning med 127 respondenter. Resultatet visar att parasociala interaktioner samt engagemang genom sociala medier och diskussioner positivt påverkar mottagande av marknadsföring inom podcasts. Engagemang genom sociala medier och diskussioner uppvisar ett positivt dubbelriktat samband till de sociala faktorerna av parasociala interaktioner. Däremot uppvisar inte lyssningsfrekvens och engagemang samband till mottagande av marknadsföring. Podcastmarknadsföring bör således framföras av en kompetent och socialt relaterbar programledare på ett personligt och konversationsliknande sätt.

The epidemiology of blastomycosis remains poorly understood in part due to the lack of a robust and discriminatory strain typing method for Blastomyces dermatitidis. Here we describe the development of a multilocus sequence (MLST) method to study the genetic variation and population structure of B. dermatitidis. Eighty geographically diverse clinical and environmental isolates were examined. Thirty-six unique sequence types were identified. With a discriminatory index of 91.4%, MLST identifies significant genetic diversity for the characterization of local and global B. dermatitidis isolates. To test whether this fungus represented a single species throughout its geographic range we performed phylogenetic analyses, applying Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR). Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clades, with five of the eight gene phylogenies studied supporting the separation of these lineages, which were also geographically partitioned. Based on fulfillment of GCPSR, we propose the current species B. dermatitidis harbors two genetically distinct non-interbreeding phylogenetic species.

The epidemiology of blastomycosis remains poorly understood in part due to the lack of a robust and discriminatory strain typing method for Blastomyces dermatitidis. Here we describe the development of a multilocus sequence (MLST) method to study the genetic variation and population structure of B. dermatitidis. Eighty geographically diverse clinical and environmental isolates were examined. Thirty-six unique sequence types were identified. With a discriminatory index of 91.4%, MLST identifies significant genetic diversity for the characterization of local and global B. dermatitidis isolates. To test whether this fungus represented a single species throughout its geographic range we performed phylogenetic analyses, applying Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR). Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clades, with five of the eight gene phylogenies studied supporting the separation of these lineages, which were also geographically partitioned. Based on fulfillment of GCPSR, we propose the current species B. dermatitidis harbors two genetically distinct non-interbreeding phylogenetic species.