Introdução: Existem evidências clínicas que o obturador faríngeo pode estimular a formação do anel de Passavant em alguns indivíduos com disfunção velofaríngea decorrente de fissura palatina, o que os tornariam melhores candidatos para correção cirúrgica dessa disfunção, ou mesmo para obterem melhores resultados com o uso do obturador faríngeo. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a ocorrência do anel de Passavant em pacientes com fissura de palato, usuários de OF, nas seguintes condições: antes da confecção do OF (condição C1), durante a moldagem do obturador faríngeo (condição C2) e após seis meses de uso do mesmo (condição C3, sem o obturador e condição C4, com o obturador). Material e Método: A casuística deste trabalho foi composta por 25 pacientes (15 homens e 10 mulheres), com idades variando entre 18 e 59 anos (média= 32 anos). Todos os pacientes apresentavam disfunção velofaríngea após a cirurgia de palato e utilizavam obturador faríngeo havia pelo menos 6 meses. Para a avaliação do mecanismo velofaríngeo com e sem o obturador faríngeo, todos os pacientes haviam sido submetidos à avaliação nasoendoscópica durante fala. As 75 gravações dessa avaliação, 25 na condição C1, 25 na condição C2 e 25 nas condições C3 e C4, dos 25 pacientes foram editadas em um DVD e avaliadas por cinco fonoaudiólogas experientes, designadas juízas, quanto aos seguintes aspectos: a) posição do nasoendoscópio durante o exame; b) tamanho do bulbo faríngeo em relação ao espaço velofaríngeo; c) ocorrência de anel de Passavant; d) intercorrências que pudessem comprometer a visualização das paredes da faringe. Os protocolos de anotações utilizados pelas juízas foram baseados e adaptados do proposto por Golding-Kushner et al. (1990). Resultados: O grau médio de concordância intra-juízas para todos os aspectos avaliados foi considerado quase perfeito (83%) e o de concordância inter-juízas variou de regular (35%) a quase perfeito (100%). As avaliações foram comparadas entre si, nas quatro condições, para todos os aspectos avaliados. A única comparação que foi estatisticamente significante foi aquela que comparou os dados obtidos na avaliação da ocorrência do anel de Passavant entre as condições C2 e C4. Os dados revelaram que 14 (56%) pacientes apresentaram mudança na ocorrência do anel em uma ou mais das condições avaliadas e 11 (44%) não apresentaram mudança. Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo permitem concluir que o obturador faríngeo pode agir como um agente estimulador da formação do anel de Passavant em pacientes com disfunção velofaríngea decorrente de fissura palatina. / Background: Clinical evidence shows that pharyngeal obturator can stimulate Passavant´s pad formation in subjects with VPI current from cleft palate. It puts those subjects as better candidates for VPI treatment either surgical correction or pharyngeal obturator. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate Passavant´s pad occurrence in cleft palate subjects, who wore pharyngeal obturators, in the following conditions: before pharyngeal obturator´s confection (condition C1), during pharyngeal obturator molding (condition C2) and after six months wearing the pharyngeal obturator (condition C3, without the pharyngeal obturator and condition C4 with the pharyngeal obturator). Method: The sample was composed by 25 subjects (15 male and 10 female), age range between 18 - 59 years (range = 32 years). All patients had VPI current cleft palate surgery and were pharyngeal obturator wearers for at least six months. All subjects were submitted to nasoendoscopy evaluation during speech, with and without the pharyngeal obturator. The 75 recordings, 25 during condition C1, 25 during C2 and 25 during C3 and C4, were edited in a DVD and rated by five experienced speech pathologists, named judges. The judges had to rate the following aspects: a) nasoendoscope position during the exam; b) pharyngeal obturator size, according velopharyngeal space; c) Passavant´s pad occurrence; d) intercurrences that compromise pharyngeal walls observation. The judge´s rating protocols were based and adapted from the one proposed by Golding-Kushner et al. (1990). Results: Intra judge agreement for every rated aspect was considered, in range, almost perfect (83%), and the inter-judge agreement varied between regular (35%) and almost perfect (100%). The ratings were compared to each other, in every conditions, for all analyzed aspects. The only statistical significant comparison was in Passavant´s pad occurrence, between conditions C2 and C4. Data revealed that the Passavant´s pad occurrence varied, in one o more conditions, in 14 (56%) subjects and, in 11(44%) didn´t show any change. Conclusion: Findings allow us to conclude that, the pharyngeal obturator may act as a stimulus factor for Passavant´s pad formation in patients with VPI current from cleft palate.

Uma vez que atraves do uso do alarme de urina nem todas as criancas com enurese obtem os criterios definidos para o sucesso (14 noites secas consecutivas), buscou--se investigar procedimentos complementares para potencializar o seu efeito: a) o diario miccional, utilizado como um instrumento de avaliacao diagnostica da enurese e como uma medida dos efeitos de tratamentos e b) a uroterapia, que consiste de um conjunto de medidas comportamentais que tem como objetivo corrigir dificuldades provavelmente relacionadas a enurese nao corrigidas pelo uso do alarme. O diario miccional e o registro do volume de liquidos ingeridos e eliminados no periodo de dois dias pela crianca, que pode indicar, dentre outros padroes, urgencia miccional, hiperatividade detrusora, poliuria, bem como ingestao irregular de liquidos. As medidas comportamentais que compoe a uroterapia podem ser exemplificadas por: miccoes em horarios regulares; aumento da ingesta de liquidos e evitacao de irritantes vesicais. Neste estudo participaram 65 criancas e adolescentes com enurese distribuidas em dois grupos de tratamento. O primeiro grupo foi exposto a uroterapia e ao tratamento com alarme (grupo Uroterapia), enquanto o segundo grupo foi exposto somente ao tratamento com alarme (grupo Alarme). Por volta de 70% dos participantes de ambos os grupos obtiveram sucesso no tratamento, independentemente da realizacao da uroterapia. Os participantes do grupo Uroterapia apresentaram uma melhora mais acentuada no inicio do tratamento, mas esta nao se manteve como tendencia ao longo do tempo. Os participantes de ambos os grupos tiveram um aumento significativo da porcentagem da capacidade volumetrica da bexiga utilizada. Os participantes do grupo Uroterapia tiveram um aumento significativamente maior dos volumes de ingesta de liquidos e miccional / Not all children with enuresis reach 14 consecutive dry nights thought the use of the bell and pad alarm. That considered, we aimed to investigate additional procedures to enhance its success rate: a) the voiding diary, used as a diagnostic tool for evaluating enuresis and to measure overall treatments effects and b) urotherapy, consisting of a set of behavioral measures that aims at problems probably related to enuresis not corrected by the use of the bell and pad alarm. The voiding diary is a two--day record of fluid intake and micturition habits. It may indicate, among other patterns, urgency, detrusor overactivity, polyuria and irregular fluid intake. Urotherapy is composed of behavioral measures such: voiding at regular times; increased fluid intake; and avoidance of bladder irritants. 65 children and adolescents participated in this study. They were assigned to two treatment groups. The first group was exposed to urotherapy and to an alarm treatment (Urotherapy group), while the second was exposed only to an alarm treatment (Alarm group). Around 70% of participants became dry, regardless of the group they were assigned to. Participants from the Urotherapy group showed a more marked improvement early in treatment, but this trend was not maintained over time. Participants from both groups had a significant increase in the percentage of volumetric bladder capacity used and participants from the Urotherapy group had a significantly greater increase of fluid intake and voided volume

The concept of Parallel Vector (scratch pad) Memories (PVM) was introduced as one solution for Parallel Computing in DSP, which can provides parallel memory addressing efficiently with minimum latency. The parallel programming more efficient by using the parallel addressing generator for parallel vector memory (PVM) proposed in this thesis. However, without hiding complexities by cache, the cost of programming is high. To minimize the programming cost, automatic parallel memory address generation is needed to hide the complexities of memory access. This thesis investigates methods for implementing conflict-free vector addressing algorithms on a parallel hardware structure. In particular, match vector addressing requirements extracted from the behaviour model to a prepared parallel memory addressing template, in order to supply data in parallel from the main memory to the on-chip vector memory. According to the template and usage of the main and on-chip parallel vector memory, models for data pre-allocation and permutation in scratch pad memories of ASIP can be decided and configured. By exposing the parallel memory access of source code, the memory access flow graph (MFG) will be generated. Then MFG will be used combined with hardware information to match templates in the template library. When it is matched with one template, suited permutation equation will be gained, and the permutation table that include target addresses for data pre-allocation and permutation is created. Thus it is possible to automatically generate memory address for parallel memory accesses. A tool for achieving the goal mentioned above is created, Permutator, which is implemented in C++ combined with XML. Memory access coding template is selected, as a result that permutation formulas are specified. And then PVM address table could be generated to make the data pre-allocation, so that efficient parallel memory access is possible. The result shows that the memory access complexities is hiden by using Permutator, so that the programming cost is reduced.It works well in the context that each algorithm with its related hardware information is corresponding to a template case, so that extra memory cost is eliminated.

Les tissus adipeux (TA) intra-articulaires (TAIA) sont présents dans la majorité des articulations, au contact de la membrane synoviale. Le genou est l'articulation la plus riche en TA, comprenant le TA de Hoffa (TAH) et les TA suprapatellaires (TASP). A l'inverse, la hanche ne comprend qu'un petit TA, le TA acétabulaire (TAA). Le TAH de sujets arthrosiques est une source plus importante de cytokines inflammatoires que les TA sous-cutanés (TASC). Nous émettons l'hypothèse que les cytokines sécrétées par les TAH modifient le phénotype de la membrane synoviale arthrosique et que l'ensemble des TAIA partage des caractéristiques histologiques et biologiques communes les distinguant des TASC. Nous avons d'abord montré que la stimulation par les milieux conditionnés de TAH autologues induisait une expression et une libération plus importantes d'IL-6, d'IL-8, de PGE2, de MMP-1, de MMP-3 et de MMP-9 par les synoviocytes fibroblastiques (SF) comparativement aux TASC. La PGE2, sécrétée en plus grande quantité par les TAIA que les TASC (75 fois plus), joue un rôle central dans l'activation des SF. A l'instar des TAH, les autres TAIA de genou et de hanche sécrétent également plus de médiateurs inflammatoires que les TASC. Ils sont le siège de plus de remaniements fibreux, de vaisseaux et d'infiltrats leucocytaires que les TASC. Au sein des TAIA, les adipocytes sont plus petits et l'expression génique des médiateurs du métabolisme lipidique (ATGL, LPL, FABP4 et CD36) diminuée. Les TAIA de genou et de hanche arthrosiques partagent donc un phénotype commun et ont la capacité d'interagir avec la membrane synoviale, pouvant ainsi contribuer à la maladie arthrosique. / Intra-articular adipose tissues (IAAT) are located in most joints, lined by synovial membrane. IAAT within the knee are the most numerous and voluminous. They are principally constituted by the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) and suprapatellar fat pad (SPFP). Inversely, the hip is only constituted by a small single AT, called acetabular fat pad (AFP). Moreover, several studies brought out that IFP from OA patients were a greater source of inflammatory cytokines as compared to subcutaneous AT (SCAT). So, we hypothesized that cytokines released by IFP could modify the phenotype of synovial membrane and also that all IAAT share similar histological, biological and cellular characteristics distinguishing them from SCAT. First, we showed that synoviocyte stimulation by autologous IFP-conditioned media induced a higher gene expression and release of IL-6, IL-8, PGE2, MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 as compared to SCAT. We also confirmed that IFP released higher rate of inflammatory cytokines than SCAT, particularly PGE2, whom secretion rate was 75 fold higher and which had a central impact in synoviocyte activation. Next, we demonstrated that other IAAT from knee and hip also released higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 as compared to SCAT. IAAT were composed by greater fibrosis remodeling and higher vessel area and leucocyte infiltration as compared to autologous SCAT. In IAAT, adipocytes were smaller and gene expression for most factors involved in lipid metabolism (ATGL, LPL, FABP4 et CD36) were decreased. The specificity of inflammatory secretion and metabolic phenotype were also observed in preadipocytes isolated from knee IAAT and SCAT. To conclude, IAAT from OA knee and hip share a common phenotype and have the ability to interact with synovial membrane, contributing to the onset and/or the progression of OA disease.

Currently, the production of most non-asbestos organic (NAO) friction materials depends on a long and energy intensive manufacturing process and an unsustainable supply of synthetic resins and fibres; it is both expensive and bad for the environment. In this research, a new, more energy efficient, manufacturing process was developed which makes use of a naturally derived resin and natural plant fibres. The new process is known as 'cold moulding' and is fundamentally different from the conventional method. It was used to develop a new brake pad for use in low temperature (<400 °C) applications, such as rapid urban rail transit (RURT) trains. A commercially available resin based upon cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) was analysed and found to have properties suitable for cold moulding. In addition, hemp fibre was identified as a suitable composite reinforcement. This was processed to improve its morphology and blended with aramid to improve its thermal stability. Each stage of cold mould manufacture was thoroughly investigated and the critical process parameters were identified. The entire procedure was successfully scaled up to produce an industrially sized 250 kg batch of material and the resultant composites were found to have appropriate thermal and mechanical properties for use in a rail brake pad. The tribological performance of these composites was iteratively developed through a rigorous testing and evaluation procedure. This was performed on both sub- and full-scale dynamometers. By adding various abrasives, lubricants, and fillers to the formulation it was possible to produce a brake pad with similar friction characteristics to the current market material, but with a 60% lower wear rate. In addition, this brake pad caused 15% less wear to the brake disc. A detailed examination of both halves of the friction couple found that cold moulded composites exhibit a different wear mechanism from the current market material, which was suggested to be the reason for their superior properties. Cold moulding is 3.5x faster and uses 400% less energy than the conventional method.

Orientador: Áurea MAria Guimarães / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T11:15:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_TatianaLimade_M.pdf: 29623064 bytes, checksum: d1fc882ad5327ce499761508342c92e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta dissertação abordou a questão de adolescentes em acolhimento institucional, e buscou averiguar em que medida os registros das histórias de vida de jovens abrigados constituem uma escrita de si. De acordo com o Instituto de Pesquisas Avançadas (2003), o censo nacional de abrigos revelou a existência de cerca de 20.000 crianças e adolescentes abrigados no Brasil, sendo que 87% têm família. O período estimado de abrigamento varia entre sete meses a cinco anos. O Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) indica em seu Art. 101, Parágrafo único, que o abrigo só deve ser utilizado como recurso para a proteção de crianças e adolescentes em caráter provisório e excepcional, utilizável como forma de transição para a colocação em família substituta. No entanto, o que se observa, atualmente, são crianças e adolescentes que permanecem durante anos em entidades aguardando voltar para suas famílias de origem ou serem encaminhados para famílias substitutas. Esse longo período de permanência em instituições de acolhimento compromete a manutenção dos vínculos familiares e, consequentemente, a continuidade de uma memória ou uma história de vida registrada. Em geral, os registros feitos sobre a história de vida desses sujeitos são realizados em prontuários pelos adultos que os acompanham, no entanto, na maior parte dos casos não há registros sobre os desejos, as impressões, as lembranças. O embasamento teórico utiliza o referencial de Michel Foucault sobre a escrita de si, que afirma esta atividade como o registro de movimentos interiores, pensamentos, desejos e ações daquele que escreve. Foucault remete a ideia de hupomnêmata, que na Antiguidade, era utilizado pelos Gregos como forma de registro material da memória e assumia a forma de diários e cadernos constituídos a partir de diferentes elementos como desenhos, lembranças, reflexões. Para Foucault (2006a) a escrita de si configura um cuidado de si que permite a constituição do sujeito. O trabalho foi realizado por meio da construção de diários com adolescentes abrigados, no município de São Paulo. As atividades consistiram em quinze encontros regulares temáticos nos quais estes jovens puderam registrar conteúdos como: lembranças, impressões e sentimentos. Este processo foi descrito, neste trabalho, no formato de uma narrativa e utilizou a teoria da História Oral de Vida de José S. B. Meihy (1991) que propõe a transcrição, textualização e transcriação do material obtido. No decorrer do texto é possível entender de que maneira a técnica de Meihy foi adaptada para esta proposta possibilitando um formato diferente de construção do trabalho. Tal processo permitiu a criação de espaços nos quais possibilitou-se o aparecimento dos sujeitos. / Abstract: This dissertation addressed the issue of adolescents in residential care, and sought to ascertain the extent to which records the life stories of young people are housed in a self writing. According to the Institute for Advanced Research (2003), the national census revealed the existence of shelters for some 20.000 children and adolescents sheltered in Brazil, and 87% have family. The estimated period of institutionalization varies from seven months to five years. The Status of Children and Adolescents indicates in its article 101, paragraph one, the shelter should only be used as a resource for the protection of children and adolescents in a provisional and exceptional basis, usable as a way to transition to placement in a foster family. However, what is observed today are children and adolescents who remain in institutions for years waiting for their families back home or being sent to foster families. This long period of stay in institutions committed to maintaining family ties and therefore the continuity of a memory or a history of life recorded. In general, the records made on the life history of these subjects are held in records by the adults who accompany them, however, in most cases there are no records on the desires, perceptions and memories. The theoretical referential use of Foucault's writing about himself, says that this activity as the registration of interior movements, thoughts, desires and actions of the person writing. Foucault refers hupomnêmata the idea that in ancient times, was used by Greeks as a way to record material from memory and took the form of diaries and notebooks made from different elements such as drawings, memories, reflections. For Foucault (2006a) writing for oneself a self care that allows for subjectivity. The work was accomplished through the construction of sheltered daily with adolescents, in São Paulo. The activities consisted in fifteen thematic regular meetings in which these young people were able to record content such as: memories, impressions and feelings. This process was described in this work in a narrative form and used the theory of Oral Life History of Joseph S. B. Meihy (1991) proposes that transcription and trans textualization of the material. Throughout the text one can understand how the technique was adapted for this Meihy proposal allowing a format other than construction work. This process allowed the creation of spaces where possible to the appearance of the subjects. / Mestrado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Mestre em Educação

The aim of my diploma thesis was to optimize the gap shape of a turbocharger thrust (axial) bearing using the metamodeling. In its first part, the thesis focuses on introduction of optimization and metamodeling, description of different metamodeling techniques and description of a turbocharger with focus on lubrication of thrust bearing. The second part contains a calculation model of flow through the lubrication gap, use of the techniques for compiling a metamodel and the evaluation of individual techniques. Specifically, the methods used are response surfaces and kriging.

This diploma deals is occupied with design of the heavy rotary table with hydrostatic bearing of table. In introductory part of deals the design part are described, for exampel. tipes of bearings, drive and etc. In other parts the design of rotary table with hydrostatic bearings is described.

Period poverty is a problem mainly found in places characterized by poverty. The lack of means for women and girls to properly handle their menstruation is the essence of the problem. With a lack of both quantity and quality regarding water often being an issue in such places, the hygiene is a constant challenge. Two different kinds of sanitary products are used globally, disposable and reusable. The reusable ones are often being made of cotton or other absorbent materials. Regardless the material, reusable products need cleaning between the times of use, which could be a challenge when water is not always accessible. To have a reusable sanitary pad that efficiently can be cleaned with low amounts of resources is important, especially in impoverished places. Spacerpad is a reusable sanitary pad and a part of a project at the University of Borås. The aim for the project is to reduce period poverty and to educate women and girls in menstrual hygiene management. The pad is made of polyester which does not absorb blood or water, instead the pad merely contains the fluids. This thesis was conducted as a field study in Nairobi, Kenya. The study aimed to simulate a menstruation, in order to analyze the microbial activity in two different reusable sanitary pads, during as well as after menstruation. With the influences from interviews and resources found in Kibera (a slum in Nairobi) a simulation of five days was executed, with nutrient solution instead of menstrual blood. The Spacerpad and a cotton pad were exposed to the same procedures and the effects of washing and drying were studied. The microbial activity was measured with the help of dipslides, a growth medium. The results of this study show that both Spacerpad and the cotton pad could be carriers of heavy growth of bacteria. Increasing microbial activity throughout the simulation as the days went by, ended with a dividing result after a soap wash as the final washing procedure. The pad made of cotton still carried above slight growth, compared to Spacerpad that showed almost no activity after the final cleanse. Even though the microbial activity reached high levels during the simulation, the fact that the Spacerpad can be cleaned with limited resources could be reason enough to consider the Spacerpad as a sufficiently sanitary product in an impoverished place like Kibera. / Mensfattigdom är något som vanligtvis återfinns på platser präglade av fattigdom. Bristen på medel för kvinnor och flickor att kunna hantera sin menstruation är kärnan av problemet. Med en brist i kvantitet och kvalitet på vatten som ett vanligt problem på sådana platser är det en konstant utmaning att upprätthålla sin hygien. Menstruationsskydd delas in i två olika typer, engångs- och återanvändningsbara produkter. De återanvändningsbara produkterna består ofta av bomull eller andra absorberande material. Oavsett material måste produkterna rengöras mellan användningarna, vilket kan vara en utmaning på platser där vatten inte alltid är tillgängligt. Tillgång till en återanvändningsbar binda som kan rengöras med små resurser är viktigt, speciellt på platser som kännetecknas av fattigdom. Spacerpad är en återanvändningsbar binda, framtagen som del av ett projekt vid Högskolan Borås, vars syfte är att reducera mensfattigdom och samtidigt utbilda kvinnor och flickor om menstruation och hygien. Bindan är tillverkad av polyester som inte absorberar blod eller vatten, vilket gör att bindan snarare håller vätskorna på plats. Denna uppsats gjordes som en fältstudie på plats i Nairobi, Kenya och hade som mål att simulera en menstruation. Detta för att se hur den mikrobiella aktiviteten skulle kunna se ut, under och efter en menstruation. Med influenser ur intervjuer och tillgångar från Kibera (ett slumområde i Nairobi) genomfördes simulationen med näringslösning som substitut till mensblod. I simulationen studerades effekten av tvätt och tork på den mikrobiella aktiviteten. Spacerpad och en bomullsbinda genomgick samma processer där aktiviteten mättes med hjälp av dipslides, ett växtmedium. Resultaten från denna studie visar att både Spacerpad och bomullsbindan kan vara bärare av hög tillväxt av bakterier. En ökande bakteriell aktivitet genom testdagarna, slutade med ett tudelat resultat efter en tvåltvätt som sista procedur. Bindan av bomull hade lätt tillväxt, medan Spacerpad knappt visade någon tillväxt alls efter den sista rengöringen. Den mikrobiella aktiviteten hos Spacerpad nådde höga nivåer under simulationen. Trots det så gör förmågan att kunna rengöras med låg åtgång av resurser, att den kan anses vara sanitär nog för att användas på platser präglade av fattigdom, som i Kibera.

Mensfattigdom är ett problem som finns i hela världen där kvinnor inte har tillgång till ett säkert mensskydd och där tabun kring mens sitter hårt rotad. Detta bidrar till ökade ojämlikheter i världen. Denna kandidatuppsats beskriver en produktutvecklingsprocess av en återanvändningsbar binda. Syftet med denna studie är att ta fram en fungerande fästanordning samt utforska passformen för en existerande återanvändningsbar binda. Detta genom att använda tidigare forskning och genom marknadsundersökning. En uppdaterad binda och fästanordning tillverkas och analyseras för att kontrollera att den uppsydda protypen överensstämmer med de framtagna måtten. En avprovning sker där provpersonerna får utöva vissa rörelser och svara på en enkät angående komfort och passform av bindan och fästanordningen. Resultatet för avprovningen och enkäten ligger till grund för produktutvecklingen. Resultatet visar en vidareutveckling av passformen och en ny fästanordning. Studiens resultat visar också en ny kategorisering av återanvändningsbara bindor. Förhoppningen med denna studie är att bidra till en större förståelse av passform på bindor och att vidare forskning kan ske inom ämnet. / Menstrual poverty is an issue that exists all over the world where women do not have access to safe menstrual protection and where taboos around menstruation are deeply rooted. This adds to increased inequalities in the world. This bachelor thesis describes the product development process of a reusable menstrual pad. The purpose of this study is to develop a functional fastening device and improve the fit of an existing reusable pad. This is done by utilizing previous research and perform a market survey to develop an updated pad. The updated pad and fastener are manufactured and analysed to verify that the sewn prototype conforms to the dimensions established in the survey. The market survey includes a test where the test subjects carry out certain movements and answers a questionnaire regarding the comfort and fit of the bandage and the fastening device. The results of the survey and questionnaire then form the basis for product development. The result shows a further development of the fit and a new fastening device. The results of the study also show a new categorization of reusable sanitary pads. The hope with this study is to contribute to a greater understanding of the fit of sanitary pads and that further research can take place in the subject.