Au Sud de la Bourgogne, le Brionnais peut de loin apparaître comme une génération spontanée du XII° siècle. De fait, ce n’est ni une région physique naturelle, ni une division ecclésiastique. En un temps où une frontière vient séparer la France et la Bourgogne, puis l’Empire, une sorte de hasard va faire de ce territoire disparate, en marge, dirait-on, une marche, vouée à se définir. Le Brionnais va se former, bénéficiant d’une politique volontaire, due à la présence active de deux seigneuries féodales, incarnées par les familles de Semur et Le Blanc : autour d’elles, par le jeu des alliances, voire des rivalités, par les prestigieuses carrières ecclésiastiques de certains de leurs membres, les seigneurs du Brionnais tissent des liens avec les grandes familles des territoires voisins. Au résultat, solidité au dedans,ouverture au dehors sur les régions limitrophes, les lieux de culte, églises et monastères, fleurissent en peu de décennies, pour en dessiner un paysage monumental spécifique. Il sera précisément marqué par une originalité assez sûre d’elle-même pour chercher, adopter, interpréter et faire fructifier les influences. En somme, réseau politique, réseau artistique, les édifices religieux vont former un ensemble animé de riches interactions. Ce point de vue nous a permis de renouveler le regard porté jusqu’ici sur ce domaine original, le paradoxe étant que cet ensemble n’est pas parvenu jusqu’au XXIe siècle sans pertes ni modifications, et que, sous des apparences romanes, le paysage actuel est avant tout une construction du XIXe siècle ! Il a donc fallu procéder tout d’abord à une analyse régressive, de décapage dans le temps, et de reconstitution prudemment guidée par les traces et la documentation. En parcourant à reculons le patrimoine religieux contemporain et moderne, nous avons pu remonter jusqu’au IX° siècle, jusqu’ici ignoré de la recherche : elle ne s’était intéressée qu’aux églises conservées en élévation, alors que plus de la moitié des églises construites entre le IX° siècle et le XII° avaient disparu de la surface observable. Le premier résultat est d’importance : l’on peut maintenant suivre la genèse du tissu paroissial, comme un glissement du découpage en agri et villæ vers un maillage de parrochiæ. Une fois restitués la géographie politique et ecclésiastique et le patrimoine, il s’est révélé que le contexte particulier du Brionnais avait donné naissance à une architecture religieuse particulière, grâce à l’étude de la morphologie des bâtiments, de leur style, à une attention spéciale portée à la pierre à bâtir depuis son approvisionnement jusqu’à l’ouvrage. L’architecture du Brionnais offre de fait un profil totalement original. Le détail des analyses montre une invention, née de la capacité des bâtisseurs à puiser formes et techniques à des répertoires variés pour composer des créations inédites. Naturellement, comme l’historiographie du Brionnais roman est abondante (en particulier concernant le décor sculpté), notre travail a croisé les sources de réflexion, les bâtiments, les textes et les images, associant archéologie du bâti, histoire de l’art, géologie, histoire. Pour revenir au côté paradoxal, nous avons gardé le souci de favoriser autour de notre XII° siècle le temps long de l’Histoire, et l’époque Moderne, par exemple, nous a beaucoup parlé du Brionnais roman. / Located in South Burgundy, France, the region known as the Brionnais appears, at first glance, to be a 12th Century spontaneous by-product. It is indeed neither a natural region, nor is it of ecclesiastical division. However, in a time where frontiers separated France and Burgundy, and later the Empire, a sort of contingency will mend this disparate and marginal territory into a singularly defined region. The Brionnais will form itself through willful policies thanks to the active presence of the Semur and Le Blanc lordships. The lords of the Brionnais will form connections with neighboring lords through games of alliances and rivalries, as well as through the ecclesiastical careers of certain of their members. The result: an inland solidity, an openness to the adjacent regions; places of worship, churches and monasteries flourish in mere decades in order to construct a singular landscape of religious monuments. The latter will precisely be marked by an originality sure of itself in order to seek, adopt, interpret and make bear fruit of its influences. In all, political and artistic network as well as the religious fabrics will create an ensemble of truly rich interactions. This allowed us to renew our view on this original domain, the paradox being that the latter didn’t survive up to the 12th Century without any loss or modification, and that, under Romanesque appearances, the present Brionnais landscape was actually mainly constructed in the 19th Century! Guided by traces and documentation, I proceeded through a regressive analysis, scouring through time, in order to carefully reconstruct the history of theRomanesque Brionnais religious monuments. Going back through the contemporary and modern religious heritage, I was able go as far back as the 9th Century, thus far ignored by research: indeed, until now, research only concentrated on churches conserved above ground, whereas more than half of the churches built between the 9th and 12th Century disappeared from the observable surface. The first result is of paramount importance: we can now follow the parochial structure genesis, like a shift from an agri and villae division to a parochiae network. Once the heritage and political and ecclesiastical geography reproduced, it appeared that the particular context of the Brionnais region gave birth to a particular religiousn architecture, notably thanks to the study of the monuments’ morphology, its style, and tothe attention given to the stone used, from its provision to the work and result itself. Hence, the original profile of the Brionnais architecture. The detail of the analysis show true invention, hatched from the builders’ ability to draw formes and techniques from various repertoires to give birth to unprecedented creations.Naturally, considering the abundant Brionnais Romanesque historiography (notably the sculptured decor), I cross-checked sources of reflection, monuments, textes and images, associating construction archeology, art history, geology and history. Coming back to the paradoxical aspect, I kept the interest of favoring the 12th Century the time of History, and the Modern era, for example, spoke quite a lot about of the Romanesque Brionnais.

Abstract In my research I study the characteristic features as well as changes in the cultural environment of rural parish villages in the Northern Ostrobothnia. The goal of my research is to examine how the cultural environment of parish villages has changed in time and why: the goal is to build an illustrative and analytic picture of the cultural environment of rural parish villages in the Northern Ostrobothnia, of the development of cultural environment and of it’s typical features in different times as well as background factors of the development. I examine the cultural environment of parish villages both through its components and as an entirety. I study how different factors – agglomeration structure, scale and spatial structure, way of building, building features and the relation of built areas to the landscape – have changed, what is the real value of different components and their effect both on each other and on the cultural environment as an entirety. I examine the cultural environment of rural parish villages by means of examples. I have chosen four parish villages in the Northern Ostrobothnia: Rantsila, Kärsämäki, Tyrnävä and Haapavesi, as examples. Basis of the cultural environment research is the concept and definition of cultural environment. The concept of cultural environment includes time dimension, layered character of environment developed in time, as well as human activity, its traces and background factors. In the examination I pay attention to the visible, perceptible environment that also reflects the factors, values and meanings effecting on the background, as well as relations between them. I examine the cultural environment as a wide and multidimensional, layered and constantly changing entirety, formed on a long time span, in which entirety different factors influence and emerge into each other. The research is qualitative. I analyze the history and development phases of the cultural environment in rural parish villages, characteristic features of the cultural environment in different times, changes in the cultural environment in the course of time, and factors lying behind them with written material, photographs and aerial photographs of different ages, and photograph pairs and photograph series formed of these, map material of different ages as well as analysis maps I created based on these, and landscape analysis I made on site in the parish villages. Source material of different ages and types complement each other and form a material that is versatile and in time multidimensional as en entirety, and that describes the cultural environment as a changing entirety. Analyzing the building plans and town plans ratified for the parish villages is a significant part of my research, not only as background factors guiding the development of cultural environment, but also as indicators of stipulations and planning instructions controlling the construction and planning, as well as of values prevailing in its time. The time of formation of fixed settlement (before year 1860), time of origin and growth of parish villages (1860–1940), post-war reconstruction period and time before setting up the first building plans (1940–1960), time of intensive growth of parish villages after setting up the first building plans (1960–1990) and the time of inequalization of parish villages (1990–2008) are distinguished as visible and variant periods of time in the development of cultural environment in rural parish villages in the Northern Ostrobothnia. As background factors, the cultural environment and the formation of its features have on the one hand been influenced by social situation and changes in it as well as conscious control, like housing politics, land consolidation measures, development of trades, legislation and planning, and on the other hand by local conditions and starting points they define, like features of location and effects of the district’s location on the development of trades and population. The most distinct turning point in the development of cultural environment is the turn of 1950’s and 1960’s. After that, on the latter half of the 20th century, visible changes in the cultural environment are the disappearance of spatial structure characteristic to the agglomeration structure and changes in housing structure, changes in the relations of built areas and cultivation areas as well disappearance of cultivation areas located in the centre areas of parish villages and their conversion into green areas, changes in the features of building stock – particularly commercial buildings –, as well as changes in road environment and street space scale. Social and industrial political changes taken place on the latter half of the 20th century are emphasized as background factors with most significant effect on the development of the cultural environment. The changes are: on the one hand the rapid growth of parish villages into municipality centres in 1960’s and 1970’s and the following increase in population, the increase and concentration of services as well as the increase in the significance of traffic and increase in traffic volume, and on the other hand the strong regional inequalization and recession and its consequences, like decreasing of services, significant decrease in new construction and neglect of environmental management in the 1990’s and 2000’s. Declining development and its effects highlight for their part the significance of changes implemented in the cultural environment of parish villages in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Scattering, incoherence and incompleteness, as well as contradictions between typical features of new and old construction visible in the cultural environment are consequences not only of plans aimed at comprehensive renewal of cultural environment drawn up during the growth, but also of stagnating of development work due to recession. / Tiivistelmä Tarkastelen tutkimuksessani Pohjois-Pohjanmaan maaseutukirkonkylien kulttuuriympäristölle ominaisia piirteitä sekä kulttuuriympäristössä tapahtuneita muutoksia. Tutkimukseni tavoitteena on selvittää, miten kirkonkylien kulttuuriympäristö on aikojen kuluessa muuttunut ja miksi: tavoitteena on rakentaa havainnollinen ja analyyttinen kuva pohjoispohjalaisten maaseutukirkonkylien kulttuuriympäristöstä, sen kehityksestä ja sille eri aikoina tyypillisistä ominaispiirteistä sekä kehityksen taustalla vaikuttavista tekijöistä. Tarkastelen kirkonkylien kulttuuriympäristöä sekä osatekijöidensä kautta että kokonaisuutena. Tutkin miten eri tekijät – taajamarakenne, mittakaava ja tilarakenne, rakentamistapa, rakennusten ominaispiirteet ja taajaman suhde maisemaan – ovat muuttuneet, mikä on eri osatekijöiden todellinen painoarvo ja niiden vaikutus sekä toisiinsa että kulttuuriympäristöön kokonaisuutena. Tutkin maaseutukirkonkylien kulttuuriympäristöä esimerkkien avulla. Esimerkkikohteiksi olen valinnut neljä pohjoispohjalaista kirkonkylää: Rantsilan, Kärsämäen, Tyrnävän ja Haapaveden. Kulttuuriympäristön tutkimuksessa pohjana on kulttuuriympäristön käsite ja sen määritelmä. Kulttuuriympäristön käsitteeseen sisältyvät ajallinen ulottuvuus, ajan myötä syntynyt kerroksellisuus sekä ihmisen toiminta, sen jättämät jäljet ja sen taustalla vaikuttavat tekijät. Tarkastelussa kiinnitän huomiota näkyvään, havaittavaan ympäristöön, joka myös heijastaa taustalla vaikuttavia tekijöitä, arvoja ja merkityksiä ja niiden keskinäisiä suhteita. Tarkastelen kulttuuriympäristöä laajana ja moniulotteisena, pitkän ajan kuluessa muodostuneena kerroksellisena ja alati muuttuvana kokonaisuutena, jossa eri tekijät vaikuttavat ja sulautuvat toisiinsa. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan laadullinen. Analysoin maaseutukirkonkylien kulttuuriympäristön historiaa ja kehitysvaiheita, kulttuuriympäristölle eri aikoina ominaisia piirteitä, kulttuuriympäristössä ajan mittaan tapahtuneita muutoksia ja niiden taustalla vaikuttavia tekijöitä kirjallisten aineistojen, eri-ikäisten valokuvien ja ilmakuvien ja niistä koostuvien kuvaparien ja kuvasarjojen, eri-ikäisten kartta-aineistojen ja niiden pohjalta laatimieni analyysikarttojen avulla sekä kirkonkylissä paikan päällä tekemieni maastoanalyysien avulla. Eri-ikäiset ja erityyppiset lähdeaineistot täydentävät toisiaan ja muodostavat kokonaisuutena monipuolisen ja ajallisesti moniulotteisen, kulttuuriympäristöä muuttuvana kokonaisuutena kuvaavan aineiston. Merkittävä osa tutkimustani on kirkonkyliin vahvistettujen rakennuskaavojen ja asemakaavojen analysointi paitsi kulttuuriympäristön kehitystä ohjaavina taustatekijöinä myös rakentamista ja kaavoitusta ohjaavien määräysten ja suunnitteluohjeiden sekä omana aikanaan vallitsevien arvojen kuvastajina. Pohjoispohjalaisten maaseutukirkonkylien kulttuuriympäristön kehityksessä näkyvinä ja toisistaan poikkeavina ajanjaksoina erottuvat kiinteän asutuksen muodostumisen aika (ennen vuotta 1860), kirkonkylien synnyn ja kasvun aika (1860–1940), jälleenrakennuskausi ja aika ennen ensimmäisten rakennuskaavojen laatimista (1940–1960), kirkonkylien voimakkaan kasvun aika rakennuskaavojen laatimisen jälkeen (1960–1990) sekä kirkonkylien eriarvoistumisen aika (1990–2008). Kulttuuriympäristön ja sen ominaispiirteiden muodostumiseen ovat taustatekijöinä vaikuttaneet toisaalta yhteiskunnallinen tilanne ja siinä tapahtuneet muutokset sekä tietoinen ohjaus, kuten asutuspolitiikka, maanjakotoimenpiteet, elinkeinojen kehittäminen, lainsäädäntö ja kaavoitus, toisaalta paikalliset olosuhteet ja niiden määrittelemät lähtökohdat, kuten sijaintipaikan ominaispiirteet sekä paikkakunnan sijainnin vaikutukset elinkeinojen kehitykseen ja väestökehitykseen. Kulttuuriympäristön kehityksessä selkeimpänä taitekohtana erottuu 1950- ja 1960-lukujen vaihde. Sen jälkeen, 1900-luvun jälkipuoliskolla, tapahtuneina muutoksina kulttuuriympäristössä näkyvät taajamarakenteelle ominaisen tilarakenteen katoaminen ja asutusrakenteessa tapahtuneet muutokset, rakennettujen alueiden ja viljelysalueiden välisissä suhteissa tapahtuneet muutokset sekä kirkonkylien keskusta-alueilla sijaitsevien viljelysalueiden katoaminen ja muuttuminen viheralueiksi, rakennuskannan – erityisesti liikerakennusten – ominaispiirteiden muutokset sekä tieympäristön ja katutilan mittakaavan muutokset. Kulttuuriympäristön kehitykseen merkittävimmin vaikuttaneina taustatekijöinä korostuvat 1900-luvun jälkipuoliskolla tapahtuneet yhteiskunnalliset ja elinkeinopoliittiset muutokset: toisaalta kirkonkylien nopea kasvu kuntakeskuksiksi 1960- ja 1970-luvuilla ja sen myötä tapahtunut asukasluvun kasvu, palvelujen lisääntyminen ja keskittyminen sekä liikenteen merkityksen lisääntyminen ja liikennemäärien kasvu, ja toisaalta 1990- ja 2000-luvuilla voimakas alueellinen eriarvoistuminen sekä taantuma ja sen seuraukset, kuten palvelujen vähentyminen, uudisrakentamisen määrän huomattava vähentyminen ja ympäristön hoidon laiminlyönti. Taantuva kehitys ja sen vaikutukset korostavat osaltaan kirkonkylien kulttuuriympäristössä 1960- ja 1970-lukujen kuluessa toteutettujen muutosten merkitystä. Kulttuuriympäristössä näkyvä hajanaisuus, epäyhtenäisyys ja keskeneräisyys sekä uudelle ja vanhalle rakentamiselle tyypillisten ominaispiirteiden väliset ristiriitaisuudet ovat seurausta paitsi kasvun aikana laadituista kulttuuriympäristön kokonaisvaltaiseen uudistamiseen tähtäävistä suunnitelmista myös kehittämistyön pysähtymisestä taantuman myötä.

Circonscription fiscale se superposant presque exactement, en pays de taille personnelle, à la paroisse, la communauté d’habitants forme, avec la seigneurie, le pole principal d’encadrement de la vie rurale. Bénéficiant d’une grande indépendance aux premiers temps du XVIe siècle, les villages de Forez sont très faiblement institutionnalisés et la vie institutionnelle repose sur une confusion de toutes les obligations communes en un seul lieu de délibération : l’assemblée. Ils vont cependant être confrontés à l’effort de centralisation entrepris par la monarchie. Leur fonctionnement institutionnel, rudimentaire, reposant sur une assemblée générale unique, et sur des consuls élus pour remplir les obligations collectives du village, ne va pas résister aux contraintes que leur imposent l’Etat moderne et le poids toujours croissant de sa fiscalité. L’autonomie des villages de Forez va donc décliner à mesure que s’affermit la monarchie absolue. Ainsi, jusqu’aux années 1670, la vie institutionnelle des villages de Forez est essentiellement interne au village. L’empiètement croissant des autorités extérieures amène cependant à un meilleur contrôle sur l’effectivité des obligations qui pèsent sur le village. De cette double contrainte d’obligations plus lourdes et d’un contrôle accru, résulte une transformation des institutions villageoises qui vont renforcer leur structure mais perdre la spontanéité qui présidait à leur fonctionnement aux premiers temps de l’Ancien Régime. Leur organisation sera alors plus identifiable, mais le fonctionnement radicalement différent : la compacité qui caractérisait le village s’est perdue dans une participation institutionnelle. / Tax district almost overlapping the parish in a land of personal taxes, the rural community is, with the lordship, the main pole framing the rural life.Enjoying considerable independence in the early days of the sixteenth century, the villages of Forez are very weakly institutionalized and the life of their institutions is based on a confusion of all bonds in one common place of deliberation. However they will be faced with the centralization effort undertaken by the monarchy. Their institutional functioning, rudimentary, based on a single meeting, and consuls elected to fulfill the collective obligations of the village, will yield to the constraints imposed on them by the modern state and its ever-increasing weight of taxation. The autonomy of villages will therefore decline as an absolute monarchy was strengthened.Thus, until the 1670s, the institutional life of the villages of Forez is essentially internal. The increasing encroachment of outside authorities, however, leads to greater control over the effectiveness of the obligations imposed on the village. This double bind, more onerous obligations and increased control, brings transformation of village institutions. Their organization will be more identifiable but operating in a radically different way : compactness that characterized the village was then lost in an institutionalized participation.

Depuis sa fondation, la présence religieuse marque indéniablement Montréal ; son paysage urbain est ainsi porteur d'une identité distinctive. Les églises et les bâtiments à caractère religieux catholiques et leurs sites — objets de notre thèse — forment effectivement une partie importante de son paysage construit ; ils génèrent du sens et ancrent des valeurs symboliques.Ils ont été déterminants dans la structuration du territoire montréalais en plus de contribuer àforger l'identité de la plus grande ville francophone en Amérique du Nord.La diffusion du catholicisme a été tributaire de la constitution d'un réseau paroissial d'une part, puis le foisonnement des oeuvres des congrégations religieuses a permis d'autre part de consolider l'action catholique dans des quartiers marqués par une forte présence anglicane et protestante. Depuis, la multiplication des églises a façonné cette géographie religieuse unique qui témoigne en outre des mécanismes à la base des phases d'urbanisation de la métropole duQuébec. Par conséquent, le palimpseste ainsi constitué se révèle à travers son organisation territoriale et dans l'architecture des églises et des bâtiments à caractère religieux.Aujourd'hui, la conservation et la mise en valeur de ce patrimoine bâti constituent des enjeux fondamentaux de la pratique urbanistique. La privatisation de plusieurs de ces sites et leur affectation à des usages peu appropriés pour supporter leurs valeurs symboliques etpatrimoniales initiales peuvent miner la capacité de faire sens du paysage urbain en oblitérantun certain nombre des repères qui permettaient autrefois sa compréhension.Notre thèse est construite autour de trois grandes périodes. La première relate la structuration et l'expansion des représentations de la catholicité francophone dans le paysage montréalais ;la seconde est caractérisée par la diffusion de nouvelles représentations catholiques qui correspondent à de nouveaux enjeux identitaires ; enfin, la dernière période rend compte des aléas de la patrimonialisation des églises qui s'amorce au cours des années 1970. / Montreal, since its inception, has undoubtedly been marked by the religious presence; the resulting urban landscape thus bears a distinctive identity. Churches and buildings of religious character, and their sites—objects of this dissertation—certainly form a major part of the city’s built landscape; they generate sense and deeply rooted symbolic values. Above being paramount in structuring the territory of Montreal, they contribute in forging the identity ofthe largest Francophone city in North America. The spreading of Catholicism was based on the establishment of a parochial network, and the wealth of religious congregations’ works intensified the catholic action in neighbourhoods marked by a large Anglican and Protestant population. From then on, the proliferation of church buildings has modeled this exceptional religious topography that also exposes the mechanisms underlying the various urbanization stages of Quebec’s metropolis. Consequently, this palimpsest reveals itself through its territorial organization and thearchitecture of its churches and buildings of religious character. Modern town planning practices must take into account these fundamental issues of preservation and valorization of the built heritage. Privatizing some of these sites and adapting them to uses not really suited to their initial symbolic and heritage values may subvert the capacity to make sense of the urban landscape by obliterating a number of landmarks that formerly facilitated its understanding. This doctoral research revolves around three great periods. The first one considers the forming and expansion of Francophone Catholicity representations in Montreal’s landscape; the second period is characterized by the dissemination of new catholic representations that correspond to new identity-related issues; and the last period recounts the vagaries of the church heritagization process initiated in the seventies.

The diploma thesis deals with measurement of the interior of a parish building and its close surroundings in Čučice. Necessary steps for creating the thematic map and the building documentation are described in this thesis. First the preparatory work was made, which means that ground reconnaissance was made and required equipment and tools were chosen. In the next part the measurements, which include the construction of an auxiliary measuring network, the measurement of the detailed and control points, are described. After the measurement work, the office work followed, the coordinates and the heights of the auxiliary and detailed points were specified. The accuracy of the map according to ČSN 01 3410 was tested. Finally a thematic map in scale 1: 500 and the building drawings in scale 1:50: 1st floor plan, 2nd floor plan, longitudinal and cross-section were created.

This thesis deals with the efficiency of transcription of matrices into computers. The goal is to create mechanisms that will improve the orientation in a larger number of form inputs. These mechanisms should also smartly complement the input field and check for errors.

The main theme of the diploma is the design of a new Roman Catholic church and parish within the framework of the construction of a panel residential complex in Nový Líšeň in Brno. Due to the fact that Salesian children and youth workers came to the area in 1990, it became necessary to build a church and a Salesian youth center. This proposal is based on an analysis of the urban context. The church is surrounded by prefabricated houses next to a school, a health clinic, a shopping center, and a Salesian youth center in a gently sloping area facing south with the dominant Palava hills.

Inrättandet av de borgerliga kommunerna på 1860-talet var en stor strukturell förändring i samhället. Kyrkan var trött på att gå statens ärenden och kungens reformer befriade kyrkan från en del av statens ansvar. Konsekvensen blev uppdelningen mellan det andliga och det världsliga och ansvarsfördelningen bidrog i mångt och mycket till sekulariseringen i Sverige.  Den här fallstudien belyser banden mellan sockenstämman och kommunalstämman i Karlanda kommun trots den formella uppdelningen. Jag har i mitt arbete sökt efter ledtrådar som tyder på att sekulariseringen tagit fart och kompletterat tidigare forskning på området genom att presentera hur implementeringen av Karlanda kommunalstämma bidragit till den lokala sekulariseringen.  Karlanda kommunalstämma är säkerligen inte unik i sin förvaltningshistoria, men vad som är unikt är den sockenidentitet som kan skönjas. Det var rationella beslut för bygdens bästa som skulle fattas efter sin tids värderingar och praxis. När Karlanda landskommun föddes, fick sockenidentiteten näring att blomma ut i form av lokalt maktutövande och sekulariseringen skulle parallellt utvecklas med bygdens och landets demokratiska utveckling. Jag har med min undersökning kompletterat tidigare forskning på området genom att presentera hur implementeringen av Karlanda kommunalstämma bidragit till den lokala sekulariseringen samt belyst ärendefördelningen och relationerna däremellan och i det identifierat tecken på sekularisering genom en kvalitativ textanalys. / The establishment of the bourgeois municipalities in the 1860s was a major structural change in society. The church was tired of doing state affairs and the king's reforms freed the church from some of the state's responsibilities. The consequence was the division between the spiritual and the secular, and the division of responsibilities contributed in many ways to secularization in Sweden. This case study highlights the links between the parish meeting and the municipal meeting in Karlanda municipality despite the formal division. I have looked for clues that indicates that the secularization has taken off and complemented previous research in this area by presenting how the implementation of Karlanda municipal meeting contributed to local secularization. In my study, I have highlighted the division of cases and relationships in between and in it identified signs of secularisation through a qualitative text analysis.

Presented diploma thesis deals with issues of marital migration in early modern town milieu. By quantitative analysis of written records of marriage contracts and parish registers from Náchod domain (Eastern Bohemia), marriages of Nachod burghers with persons from other localities are tracked. Initially the town itself and the domain of the same name, constituting its hinterland, is characterized by their population and administrative and economic conditions. Then the marital migration is examined by sex and marital status of immigrants, distance and legal status of the place of their origin, or proportion of migration across the boundary of the domain. Apart from the pursuite to describe the main features of the migration phenomenon, the attention is focused on its consequences, which are the issues of integration of immigrant into the community of the town. The final part of the thesis deals with some qualitative aspects of marital migration and its reflection in contemporary ego-documents. Keywords: marital migration; Náchod; town; country; integration; burghers; parish registers; marital contracts; early modern period

The topic of the master thesis is the history of the village of Bukovec near Horšovský Týn, beginning with the early 18th century to the half of 19th century. The timeframe was chosen on the one hand with the consideration to the already written history of the village until the late 17th century, while the other boundary was defined by the revolutionary year of 1848, which brought major changes in the functioning of municipalities and their governments. Bukovec was a part of the large Trauttmansdorffs' dominion with its centre in Horšovský Týn throughout the specified period. It was also the seat of the parish: The analysis of manor and parish documents allows largely understand the social and economic ties within the village, and outline its historical development in the described period. Keywords Bukovec, manor of Horšovský Týn, parish of Bukovec, social history, economic history, microhistory