This thesis is a study of a leadership model for the effective management of Further Education and Training (FET) colleges in the Gauteng Province. This research was triggered by the need for quality and sound leadership skills highly needed in FET colleges. The vision of FET colleges lies at the heart of the integration of the country's education and training system. Leadership is the distinguishing factor in bringing about organisational transformation. A key contemporary issue in the development of a high quality education service relates to the new thinking about how best to pursue quality and excellence in FET colleges. Leadership, strategic planning and the need for alternative models of management lead, inevitably, towards a reconsideration of both staff competencies and continuing staff and organisational development. This research seeks to assist those who have the responsibility of leading and managing the further conceptualisation and implementation of further education and training. A qualitative research was conducted, in which a newly merged college in Pretoria was chosen as a case study for this research. The following constituted the broad aims of this study:  To examine the leadership strategies that should be employed for effective management of FET colleges;  To investigate the vision and mission development and implementation and the organisational structures established;  To determine the opportunities and challenges offered by the new large and multi-sited college; and  To investigate a leadership model for the effective management of FET colleges. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with the leadership of the college ranging from the senior managers, campus managers, middle managers to educators. Analysis of documents and observation notes was also done to supply more data about FET leadership. Data were analysed and interpreted by identifying themes and categories that would shed more light into the effective leadership of the college. The following recommendations were made:  A new approach to the leadership of the college should be adopted;  The leadership of the college should be more accountable and responsive to community needs;  More financial support should be allocated to FET colleges; and  More focus should be given to learner support. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Education Management)

This study investigated the social factors influencing the poor uptake of HIV Testing and Counselling (HCT) services by middle-aged black men in Pimville, Soweto. A qualitative research approach was used for this study in which ten men and two key informants were interviewed. Themes explored were the participants’ biographical characteristics, knowledge of HIV and AIDS, health-seeking behaviours, understanding of multiple sexual partnerships, male circumcision, and challenges in using HCT services. Various social behaviour change theories formed the theoretical framework guiding this study. It was found that fear, stigma and cultural factors are major reasons for the poor HCT uptake. Despite the men’s high HIV risk perceptions, behaviour change lags behind. Greater efforts to establish a men’s forum to discuss sexual health matters in Pimville are recommended. / Sociology / M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)

National legislation such as South African Schools Act, No. 84 of 1996 introduced important reforms impacting on school and parent communication. It mandated the establishment of school governing bodies in all schools to ensure that parents participate in their schools and to open an effective way of communication between educators and parents. However, the literature study established that in some schools, mostly the historically disadvantaged black schools, communication between educators and parents is still very poor and mostly ineffective. This study examined the role of the school principals in managing effective communication between educators and parents at schools to ensure that effective partnerships between educators and parents are achieved. A qualitative investigation in two public secondary schools in the Umbumbulu Circuit, KwaZulu-Natal was done. Data were gathered by means of in-depth interviews with the principals of each school, and focus group interviews with the educators and parents of each school and document analysis. The findings revealed the following: relationship between educators and parents is still very poor in some schools, the communication between educators and parents is still ineffective, there is still a lack of parental involvement in some schools, and most schools do not have policies on effective management of communication and comprehensive programmes on parental involvement. The study recommends that principals need to be empowered to effectively manage communication in their schools to ensure effective partnerships between educators and parents, and schools should design their own training programmes conducted by principals or specialists for parents on the importance of parental involvement in the education of their children. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

The introduction of PPPs in infrastructure provision has changed the way in which governments around the world now view infrastructure provision. However, the introduction of PPPs to deliver the needed infrastructure has benefited only a few companies. Most of these companies are the big construction firms that possess technological know-how and those that have the financial ability to execute large infrastructure projects. Although SMEs are important for employment creation, inequality and poverty reduction, the participation of SMEs in these PPP projects is very low. This is because PPP models in developing countries are based on those used in developed economies, and such models ignore the socio-economic problems facing developing countries. Therefore, this study argues that PPP projects in developing countries present an opportunity for growing the SME sectors in developing countries. It challenges the viewpoint of seeing infrastructure backlogs only as providing opportunities to big private sector companies and argues that infrastructure backlogs can be used by governments to reduce the triple challenges of unemployment, poverty and inequality by linking SMEs to PPP projects. The traditional PPP model that is being applied by many developing countries does not fully encourage the participation of SMEs in PPP projects, as most of the projects executed through this model are bundled into big projects that SMEs cannot execute due to a lack of technological know-how and weak balance sheets. The study therefore suggests different ways in which the participation of SMEs in PPP projects could be improved based on the results of the survey conducted for this study. The study then proposes an “innovative conceptual PPP model for sustainable SME development” that takes into account the needs for developing countries to create jobs, reduce poverty and inequality. It also takes into account all challenges for SMEs identified through the review of literature and the study survey. / Economics / D. Litt. et Phil. (Economics)

公私協力與自主規制在現代國家中，作為國家整體管制架構與管制行政之一環，有輔助國家行政機關之功能，減輕國家財力與人力之負擔，其有委託私人行使公權力者，則應有法律保留原則之適用，具公共目的存在與實現之關聯性與合比例性，方符合憲性之要件。若以組織法之規定，或無法律授權基礎之職權命令，均有違法治國之法律保留原則。在勞動契約上，政府透過法規範，對私法自治關係之勞動契約，以核備、備查或核定等之事前審查；在勞工保護上，課雇主以應作為與不作為之強制義務，及勞動三權之自主運作規範，協力與政府部門共同達成行政任務目標。 綜合本文研究，公私協力與自主規制在勞動法之實踐，係以公法規制私法，及容認私經濟主體在勞動關係之自主規制，連結公私部門關係，協力達成國家行政任務目標。這種公法介入私法關係，使私法形成之行政處分，作為保護勞工權益之行政處分，在勞動法上以勞基法第八十四條之一，有關勞雇約定書送地方主管機關核備之准駁行政處分。此行政處分導致勞雇間之私法關係變化，或與主管機關間之爭訟，其爭訟救濟之審判管轄權互有不同。 本研究有關建議摘要如下： 一、對勞動關係具成效之私經濟主體，毋寧採取自主規制方式，減少國家管制成本、降低資源耗費。 二、因法條文義不明致生重大爭議，主管機關之處理仍應具法律正當性。 三、公私協力與自主規制在勞動法之實踐，大抵以公法規制私法為基礎規範，主管機關執行上，仍須依循法律授權及法律明確性原則。 四、地方主管機關之行政裁量，不宜各自為政導致差異過大；且私法形成之行政處分，更應符合行政原則。

The aim of this diploma thesis is to consider whether capital companies are more advantageous than partnerships from perspective of taxation of companion's income. Only companies in the Czech legal environment are included. The initial hypothesis is that limited liability company and joint-stock company are the best option, because according to statistical data these are the most frequently present legal forms of business in the Czech Republic. The comparison is carried out in general model of taxation of selected type of income. The parts of this thesis are also attachments which complement analyses by some summaries and calculations.

Puisque les déterminants sociaux de la santé sont en dehors du secteur institutionnel conventionnel de la santé, la collaboration intersectorielle apparaît comme la stratégie de choix pour agir sur ces déterminants. Comme souligné par Jackson et coll. (2006), la collaboration intersectorielle et les partenariats interorganisationnels sont des actions transversales qui doivent se produire à des niveaux structurels, sociaux et personnels et qui doivent être imbriquées dans toutes les stratégies de promotion de la santé mises de l’avant par la Charte d’Ottawa. Mais que signifie la collaboration intersectorielle, comment est-elle vécue, et comment ces processus intersectoriels peuvent-ils être réussis? L’objectif principal de ce projet de recherche était de contribuer à l’élaboration d’un cadre conceptuel de l’action intersectorielle, développé à partir de la littérature disponible et validé empiriquement par quatre études de cas, à l’intérieur d’une région du Québec (Chaudière-Appalaches). Ces quatre initiatives se sont déroulées entre 1997 et 2012 : • Cas 1 : Programme de prévention de la détresse psychologique auprès des agriculteurs • Cas 2 : Construction du parc de jeu destiné aux enfants de 0 à 5 ans • Cas 3 : Programme de cuisines collectives à Beauce-Sartigan • Cas 4 : Programme de prévention de l’alcool au volant La première partie de la thèse se concentre sur la compréhension de termes reliés à l’intersectorialité en santé, en comparant les définitions théoriques (à partir d’une revue systématique de la littérature grise et scientifique) à la terminologie utilisée sur le terrain (à partir des études de cas). La deuxième partie de la thèse consiste en une analyse transversale des quatre études de cas qui ont été élaborées autour des sept dimensions suivantes : le problème, les objectifs de santé de populations, les autres objectifs, les résultats, les acteurs, les processus et le contexte. L’analyse transversale porte principalement sur les avantages, les conditions facilitantes et les défis de l’action intersectorielle en santé, incluant une discussion sur le rôle et la légitimité du secteur santé en tant qu’instigateur du partenariat intersectoriel. Thesis Abstract Since the social determinants of health lie outside the conventional institutional health sector, intersectoral collaboration appears to be the strategy of choice to act on these determinants. As Jackson et al. note (2006), intersectoral collaboration and inter-organizational partnerships are cross-cutting actions that must occur at structural, social and personal levels, and they should be embedded in all strategies for health promotion put forward by the Ottawa Charter. But what does intersectoral collaboration mean, how it is lived, and how can these intersectoral processes be successful? The main objective of this research project is to contribute to the development of a conceptual framework for intersectoral action. That framework is developed from the literature and empirically validated by four case studies within a Quebec region (Chaudière-Appalaches). These four initiatives took place between 1997 and 2012: • Case 1: Program for the prevention of psychological distress among farmers • Case 2: Construction of a play park for children aged 0 to 5 years • Case 3: Program of collective kitchens in Beauce-Sartigan • Case 4: Program for the prevention of alcohol-impaired driving The first part of the thesis focuses on understanding terms related to intersectoriality in health by comparing the theoretical definitions (from a systematic review of scientific and grey literature) to the terminology used in the field (captured by conducting case studies). The second part of the thesis is a cross-sectional analysis of four case studies developed around the following seven dimensions: the problem, the population health objectives, other objectives, the outcomes, the actors, the processes and the context. This cross-sectional analysis focuses on the benefits, facilitating conditions and challenges of intersectoral action in health, including a discussion of the role and legitimacy of the health sector as an instigator of intersectoral partnerships.

La participation du secteur privé dans la gouvernance de l’eau a considérablement évolué au cours des vingt dernières années. Aujourd’hui, les firmes transnationales de l’eau ne sont pas des opérateurs locaux mais sont devenues des acteurs économiques et politiques dans la gouvernance mondiale de l’environnement. Leur vaste offre de services et l’expansion de leurs activités sur des marchés internationaux ont largement contribué à construire une image de ces entreprises en tant qu’acteurs-clés, à coté des autorités publiques locales. Le rôle des firmes transnationales dans la gouvernance de l’eau ne se limite plus à la gestion des services dans des territoires locaux spécifiques, mais comprend également la création et la diffusion de modèles de gouvernance de l’eau à l’échelle mondiale.Cette thèse étudie les firmes transnationales de l’eau en tant qu’acteurs actifs et puissants dans la gouvernance de l’eau à des échelles multiples. Le pouvoir des deux plus grandes firmes de l’eau dans le monde, les groupes français Veolia et Suez, est analysé en termes d’intérêts, de ressources et de stratégies dans le cadre de l’« espace transnational de l’eau ». Ce concept est utilisé pour analyser les stratégies de développement et d’adaptation de Veolia et de Suez au Mexique et aux Etats-Unis de 1993 à 2014.Les échelles de gouvernance de l’eau s’avèrent déterminantes pour le pouvoir des entreprises transnationales de l’eau. Alors que Veolia et Suez créent leur pouvoir à l’échelle locale, elles le cultivent et diffusent à l’échelle mondiale. Ce processus est toutefois conditionné à l’échelle nationale et peut être potentiellement limité à l’échelle régionale. / The involvement of the private sector in water governance has greatly evolved over the last 20 years. Private water companies have gone from being local operators to becoming economic and political actors of global environmental governance. Their vast array of services and the expansion of their operations in international markets have contributed to building the image of these companies as key stakeholders alongside public authorities. The role of transnational corporations (TNCs) in water governance is no longer limited to the provision of services in specific local territories, but also includes the creation and diffusion of models of water governance at the global scale.This dissertation studies water TNCs as active and powerful actors in water governance at multiple scales. The power of the two largest water companies worldwide, the French groups Veolia and Suez, is analyzed in terms of interests, resources and strategies within the framework of the “transnational space for water.” This concept is used to analyze the development and adaptation strategies of Veolia and Suez in Mexico and the U.S. from 1993 to 2014. The study argues that scales of water governance are central to understanding the power of water TNCs. While Veolia and Suez create their power at the local scale, they cultivate and diffuse it at the global scale. This process, however, is conditioned at the national scale and can be potentially limited at the regional scale. / La participación del sector privado en la gestión del agua ha evolucionado considerablemente en los últimos veinte años. Hoy en día, las empresas transnacionales del agua han pasado de ser operadores locales a actores económicos y políticos en la gobernanza ambiental mundial. Su amplia gama de servicios y la expansión de sus actividades en mercados internacionales han llevado a construir una imagen de estas empresas como actores clave, junto a las autoridades locales. El papel de las empresas transnacionales del agua ya no se limita a la prestación de servicios públicos en territorios específicos sino que también incluye la creación y la difusión de modelos de gestión del agua a nivel internacional.La presente tesis explora a las empresas transnacionales del agua como actores activos y poderosos en la gobernanza del agua a partir de una perspectiva multi-escalar. El poder de las dos compañías más grandes a nivel mundial, los grupos franceses Veolia y Suez, es analizado en términos de intereses, recursos y estrategias en el marco del “espacio transnacional del agua”. Este concepto es propuesto y utilizado para analizar las estrategias de desarrollo y de adaptación de Veolia y Suez en México y en Estados Unidos de 1993 a 2014.Al final de este trabajo se demuestra que las escalas de gobernanza del agua son determinantes para el poder de las firmas transnacionales del agua. Mientras Veolia y Suez crean su poder en la escala local, éste es cultivado y promovido en la escala internacional. Este proceso, sin embargo, se encuentra condicionado por la escala nacional y puede ser potencialmente limitado por la escala regional.

The Maintenance of Surviving Spouses Act 27 of 1990 came into operation thirty years ago and has remained relatively unchanged since its promulgation. The stated objective of the Act is to provide the surviving spouse with a claim for maintenance against the estate of the deceased spouse in certain circumstances. This objective is sound, as it is evident from an analysis of the history of our law that legislation was needed to address the financial position of a survivor following the death of his or her spouse. The practical application of the Act is, however, not as robust as it does not always achieve the stated objective and often leads to unintended consequences. This research has a dual objective. The first aim is to analyse the practical considerations when an executor applies the Act and to consider the challenges the executor must deal with when considering a maintenance claim under the Act. The second aim is to investigate possible solutions to these challenges and to consider whether there are viable alternative arrangements for the way in which a maintenance claim under the Act is handled. The purpose of the study is to formulate a comprehensive recommendation for legislative reform of the Act so that the practical application of the Act achieves a result that reflects the objective of the Act. / Private Law / LL.D.

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