Les suicides sur les lieux de travail, perçus comme l’acmé d’un phénomène de souffrance au travail, proposent une confirmation au malaise dans la culture bien qu’ils renvoient l’énigme au champ social. Ils formulent avec insistance des interrogations à destination de la société du travail comme des questions singulières sur le passage à l’acte. La thèse s’attache d’abord à établir les fondements épistémologiques tant sociologiques que psychanalytiques qui permettent d’expliciter la question et les effets que les suicides établissent. Puis, c’est en définissant les conditions du cas que le propos entre ensuite dans les distinctions spécifiques au sein de la causalité inconsciente du passage à l’acte d’une part et de la cohérence de la structure sérielle du phénomène d’autre part. L’issue conclusive ouvrira sur les enjeux de jouissance au champ économique et social. / Suicides at workplaces, received as the peak of a suffering-at-work phenomenon, confirm the unease in the culture as well as it sends back its mystery to the social sphere. These suicides ask insistent questions to the working society and peculiar ones about the acting out. First this thesis endeavours to establish the epistemological basis, that is to say the sociologicals and psychoanalyticals ones, that enable to explain both the question and the effects suicides establish. Then, thanks to a clinical case, we will suggest a particular distinction between the unconscious causality of the acting out on the one hand, and the consistency of the phenomenon’s serial organization on the other hand. The conclusion will lead to what is at stake of enjoyment from an economic and social point of view.

Les boîtes quantiques semiconductrices de type InAs/GaAs ont des proprié- tés électroniques et optiques qui les rapprochent de l'atome unique. C'est dans ce contexte que se situe ce travail de thèse, qui s'intéresse à différents aspects de l'interaction lumière-matière dans ce type de système. Nous avons d'abord étudié le système couplé constitué du spin de l'électron et des spins nucléaires dans une boîte quantique unique, sous excitation non résonante. Pour ces expériences, nous avons utilisé des techniques de photoluminescence stationnaire résolues en polarisation : nous présentons des mesures complètes d'excitation de la photoluminescence, dans différentes conditions expérimentales. L'état de charge des boîtes quantiques fluctuant dans le temps d'une part et le couplage entre les spins nucléaires et le spin de l'électron via l'interaction hyperfine d'autre part sont à la base d'un effet original : il est possible de modifier optiquement les états propres de l'exciton neutre en l'absence de champ magnétique externe. Nos résultats expérimentaux sont confirmés par une spectroscopie de plus haute résolution, qui utilise un interféromètre de Fabry-Pérot placé en amont de la chaîne de détection. Nous présentons ensuite des expériences réalisées en régime cohérent, c'est-à-dire dans un temps plus court que le temps de déphasage du système, dans des échantillons à charge ajustable. Nous avons excité la boîte quantique à résonance (sur son état fondamental) avec des impulsions courtes (durée env. 1ps) limitées par la transformée de Fourier). En s'appuyant sur un schéma de détection original, nous détectons le signal de luminescence sur un état spectateur situé à quelques meV de la transition excitée. Ceci nous a permis de mettre en évidence les oscillations de Rabi de l'exciton dans une boîte quantique unique. Ensuite, en utilisant des impulsions à dérive de fréquence, nous montrons qu'il est possible de générer une population d'exciton de façon à la fois fidèle et robuste, en réalisant un passage adiabatique rapide. Ce résultat expérimental est une première étape en vue de l'implémentation puis de la manipulation d'un Q-bit dans une boîte quantique unique / Semiconductor quantum dots InAs/GaAs exhibit optical and electronic properties for which they are often compared to an individual atom. This thesis work focuses on different aspect of light-matter interaction in a single semiconductor quantum dot. The coupled system constituted by the electron spin and the nuclei spins have been studied in a single quantum dot. Photoluminescence experiments resolved in polarization have been carried out, with non resonant optical pumping : comprehensive studies in photoluminescence excitation under various experimental conditions (excitation power and polarization) have been performed. They point out the quantum dots fluctuating charge state and the strong coupling between the electron spin and the nuclear spins via hyperfine interaction. This enables the optical neutral exciton eigenstates orientation without any external magnetic field. We have confirmed these experimental results using a Fabry-Perot interferometer in order to increase the spectral resolution of our microphotoluminescence set up. In a second step, we present experiments performed in the coherent regime, in a time scale shorter than the system dephasing time, in a sample where the quantum dots are embedded in a Schottky-diode structure. The quantum dot is excited resonantly with short pulses (Fourier transform limited) and, using an original detection scheme, we detect the luminescence signal on a spectator state. We demonstrate the Rabi oscillations of the exciton state in a single quantum dot. Finally, using frequency swept chirped pulses, we show that it is possible to prepare robustly and with a strong fidelity an exciton state in a single quantum dot. This is a first step toward the Q-bit implementation and manipulation in a single quantum dot

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo de caso (MINAYO, 1993, 2010; YIN, 2010), de abordagem qualitativa, realizado junto à Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de identificar, sob a perspectiva de rito de passagem, como se dá a socialização dos ingressantes técnico-administrativos e que ações institucionais poderiam contribuir para consolidar o vínculo desses servidores. A pesquisa orientou-se pelo pressuposto de que as emoções afloradas durante a socialização de ingressantes na Administração Pública podem tanto contribuir quanto prejudicar a formação de vínculos afetivos, impactando, positiva ou negativamente, a identificação com a organização e o comprometimento com o trabalho. Assim, a socialização é contemplada como um reflexo da relação indissociável e interdependente entre indivíduo e sociedade, e a realidade social como um produto da socialização e da interação humana, em consonância com as concepções de Berger e Luckmann (2011), Cavedon (1990, 2000, 2010) e Setton (2010, 2011). Já a mudança de status, decorrente do ingresso no setor público, é tratada como um rito de passagem constituído de três fases, separação, margem e agregação, conforme teoriza Van Gennep (2011). Os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisa documental, diários de campo, observação participante, questionários abertos, aplicados a ingressantes do concurso 2010, e entrevistas realizadas com servidores “antigos”, com apoio de um roteiro semi-estruturado. Os resultados sugerem que a fase de margem, correspondente ao estágio probatório de três anos, não é legitimada como um período de aprendizado, e, consequentemente, não há clara definição dos papéis de socializados (ingressantes) e socializadores (“antigos”). Existem expectativas de que os ingressantes adotem uma postura de humildade e deferência em relação aos “antigos”, e de que estes, por sua vez, assumam responsabilidades em relação ao aprendizado dos recém-chegados. Entretanto, em decorrência da indefinição de papéis, essas teatralizações, que são próprias da fase de margem, tendem a ser negligenciadas, causando conflitos que prejudicam o trabalho em equipe e o andamento do trabalho. A importação da lógica de mercado no serviço público também é evidenciada como origem de muitas das dificuldades identificadas, apontando para a necessidade de direcionar esforços visando uma conscientização nesse sentido. Como possível solução para os problemas levantados, sugere-se a realização de procedimentos ritualizados que reforcem o caráter de aprendizado da fase liminar, conduzidos por facilitadores designados e capacitados para tanto, que atuem como mediadores legitimados, em nível de unidade. Por fim, conclui-se que investimentos na socialização de recém-concursados são primordiais, podendo repercutir em maior comprometimento com o trabalho e melhores resultados em relação aos objetivos institucionais do que a implementação de mecanismos coercitivos de controle e de gestão do desempenho, característicos do modelo gerencialista que vêm se consolidando na administração pública desde o Plano Diretor da Reforma do Aparelho do Estado de 1995. / This work presents the results of a qualitative case study (MINAYO, 1993, 2010; YIN, 2010) that took place at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul with the aim of identifying, according to the perspective of rite of passage, how the socialization of the administrative staff is carried out and what institutional actions may contribute to the consolidation of organizational bonding. The research had its starting point in the assumption that newcomers who join the public sector experience emotions, triggered by socialization, that have the potential to either enhance or impair bonding processes, impacting identification with the organization and commitment to work in a positive or negative way. Thus, socialization is seen as a reflection of the inseparable and interdependent relation between individual and society whereas social reality is considered a by-product of socialization and human interaction, according to the conceptions of Berger and Luckmann (2011), Cavedon (1990, 2000, 2010) and Setton (2010, 2011). In its turn, the change of status caused by getting a job in the public sector is treated as a rite of passage that can be divided into three phases, separation, margin and aggregation, as theorized by Van Gennep (2011). The data was collected by means of documentary research, field journals, participant observation, open questionnaire applied to the newcomers of the 2010 selection process, and semi-structured interviews with senior level staff members. The results suggest that the margin phase, which corresponds to the three-year probationary period, is not legitimized as a learning period, therefore there‟s no clarity with regard to the different roles of “persons being socialized” and “agents of socialization”, to be respectively assumed by the newcomers and the senior level staff members. The newcomers should adopt a humble and respectful attitude towards their senior level colleagues, who, in turn, should undertake certain responsibilities in the learning process of the former. However, due to the lack of clearly defined roles and responsibilities, these expected theatrical-like behaviors tend to be neglected, leading to conflicts that disrupt teamwork and hinder the workflow. There‟s also evidence that the adoption of the market logic in the public sector may be the cause of many of the identified difficulties, which points to the need of directing efforts to raise awareness about this issue. A possible solution to the problems addressed by this research is the institutionalization of ritualized procedures designed to reinforce the learning-focused nature of the margin phase and conducted by properly trained facilitators, appointed to act as legitimate mediators in each decentralized unit. Finally, it is concluded that investments in the socialization of newcomers are essential and may yield stronger commitment to work and better results for the institution than the implementation of coercive mechanisms of performance management associated with the managerial model that has been consolidating itself in the public administration since the public sector reform of 1995.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-04-24T14:04:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GUSTAVO CORTEZ FERNANDEZ.pdf: 951448 bytes, checksum: a6a335f91e547aa4b62e09a0e4c86332 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T14:04:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GUSTAVO CORTEZ FERNANDEZ.pdf: 951448 bytes, checksum: a6a335f91e547aa4b62e09a0e4c86332 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / The theme developed in this bibliographical research is the water as a symbol of the passage from death to life. The symbol is what gives the man try to express his experience with the sacred and for this analysis is used the contributions of Otto, Eliade, Girard, Bourdieu and Berger. Religious experience is a manner of meaning to human life, and religion does so through the effects of consecration and legitimation, concepts present in Bourdieu and Berger. Water in this study is presented through biblical texts that represent foundational events for the constitution of the faith of the people of Israel and the foundations of Christianity. From the Old Testament, the priestly text of Exodus 14 (and its intertexts in the Old Testament) dealing with the exodus, the passage of the Red Sea, is analyzed. In the New Testament, we refer to Paul's text to the Romans (6: 1-11), prioritizing the death and resurrection of Jesus, whose mystical participation the Christian already lives from baptism. The theme of water as the passage from death to life opens the possibility for the reading of the postmodern context of the religious scene, in which humanity, marked by Bauman's liquidity, is not necessarily less religious, but it can be needeed of symbols that account to re-signify instability, insecurity, fluid relationships, a less institutionalized spiritualization, the decline of metaphysics and the possibility of more solidary relationships, marked by respect for human life. / O tema desenvolvido nesta pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico é a água como símbolo de passagem da morte para a vida. O símbolo é o que proporciona ao homem tentar expressar a sua experiência com o sagrado e para essa análise recorre-se às contribuições de Otto, Eliade, Girard, Bourdieu e Berger. A experiência religiosa é uma das maneiras de significação da vida humana, e a religião o faz por meio dos efeitos de consagração e legitimação, conceitos estes presentes, por sua vez, em Bourdieu e Berger. A água, neste estudo, é apresentada por meio de textos bíblicos que representam eventos fundantes para a constituição da fé do povo de Israel e das bases do cristianismo. Do Antigo Testamento, analisa-se o texto sacerdotal de Êxodo 14 (e seus intertextos no Antigo Testamento), que trata do êxodo, a passagem do Mar Vermelho. No Novo Testamento, recorre-se ao texto de Paulo aos Romanos (6,1-11), priorizando a morte e ressurreição de Jesus, cuja participação mística o cristão já vive a partir do batismo. A temática da água como passagem da morte para a vida abre possibilidade para a leitura do contexto pós-moderno do cenário religioso, em que a humanidade, marcada pelo conceito de liquidez de Bauman, não está necessariamente menos religiosa, mas pode estar necessitada de símbolos que deem conta de ressignificar a instabilidade, a insegurança, as relações fluidas, uma espiritualização menos institucionalizada, o declínio da metafísica e a possibilidade de relacionamentos mais solidários, marcados pelo respeito à vida humana.

This paper is a psychological reading of E. M. Forster's A Pasage to India. It uses the psychological theories of C. G. Jung and the methodological postulates of Jungian literary critic, Terence Dawson, to examine the psychological implications of the text, especially in relation to the novel's characters. Attention is given to biographical material related to Forster, particularly his homosexuality, that is important for understanding the psychological implications of the text as well as Forster's art. The paper concludes that the Marabar Caves is the the central psychological symbol of the narrative, representing what Jung calls the collective unconscious. Both Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore, the novel's effective protagonist, encounter heretofore unconscious material in the caves that precipitate psychological growth for each. Adela's encounter is best understood as an animus confrontation while Mrs. Moore's more profound journey is best characterized as a meeting of the self archetype.

Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) negatively impact wildlife populations and create dangerous driving situations for motorists. In Utah, USA, mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) encounter a variety of hazards as they attempt to cross highways and interstates, some of which are 8 lanes wide. Agencies have sought to mitigate the risks posed to drivers and mule deer by building crossing structures for wildlife. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of crossing structures in Utah to safely pass mule deer under highways and to determine the variables that best explain mule deer passage use. From 2008 - 2011 we used 26 camera traps to measure levels of mule deer use of 9 culverts and 4 bridges in Utah. We tested for relationships between mule deer structure use and a variety of structural and landscape attributes at each site, including 2 time variables: time since the structure was built and time each structure was monitored by our camera traps. We also developed and tested a new equation (window ratio) that measured culvert openness to approaching mule deer. In the single variable regression models, mule deer structure use was positively correlated with short culverts and coarse scale shrub cover, and negatively correlated with fine scale grass cover. In the multivariate model, structure use was positively correlated with days monitored and elevation and short culverts. Although the new window ratio did not emerge as the most important predictor for mule deer crossing use, it was more effective at predicting mule deer culvert use than the often referenced openness factor. Our results indicated that 12 of the 13 crossing structures studied effectively facilitate the movement of mule deer in Utah; however some were used far more than others. We suggest that older crossing structures built with the shortest dimensions possible, with attached wildlife-exclusion fencing, and in shrubby habitat will be most effective at passing a high volume of mule deer under Utah highways.

The marriage custom of charivari/shivaree evolved from a punitive form of social control in Europe and Great Britain, to a raucous American celebration that welcomed newlyweds into a community. The isolated ranching community of Park Valley, Utah performed their own unique version of shivaree. This investigation of their ritualized tradition began with a review of the cultural landscape combined with the contemporary rural society that forms a community-clan who descends from six pioneer families. The existing community outlived mining and railroad towns that originally populated the area. The surviving Mormon culture is reflected in the value and belief structure of its people and, therefore, their social activities. This context built a foundation for interpreting the function of the community's shivarees. Twenty-five primary interviews provided seven case studies, which structured the argument that their impromptu performances went beyond just offering a hand of welcome; their shivarees, performed after the formal marriage festivities, functioned as a complex rite of passage. Ritualized traditions like kidnapping the bride and groom, wearing crazy get-ups, and breaking bread together codified the relationships that bound their society together. In all cases, at least one member of the newly married couple was an insider of the community - they belonged to the community clan. The impromptu performance was organized using local resources as the newlyweds were moved from the sacred to secular sphere, creating a liminal period where social norms were tested, before the final rite of passage. Park Valley shivarees transitioned them into their new social position as contributing members of this insular society; it was an informal rite of acceptance.

The common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), a member of the family Pseudocheiridae, is an arboreal folivorous marsupial that feeds predominantly on Eucalyptus foliage. Contrary to the expectation that small body size would inhibit utilisation of a diet containing such high levels of lignified fibre because of relatively low gut volume to body mass ratios and relatively high mass-specific metabolic rates and nutrient requirements (Hume 1999), the ringtail possum is able to survive solely on a diet of Eucalyptus foliage. The rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a terrestrial herbivore and is a member of the family Leporidae that feeds predominantly on grasses. The rabbit was proposed as a digesta flow model for the ringtail possum since both are caecotrophic (periodically re-ingest caecal contents) and both are proposed to exhibit a colonic separation mechanism (CSM) where fluids and small, easily digested particles are preferentially returned to the caecum. The rabbit is of value for the modelling process since it is more accessible for experimental manipulation than the ringtail possum. This study investigated a proposal to use digesta passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the rabbit as a model of digesta passage for the ringtail possum on the basis that both are caecotrophic caecum fermenters. A number of potential problems were identified with this proposal and investigation of these problems formed the basis for the research described in this thesis. Two main areas were identified as being potentially problematic: 1) fundamental flaws with the particulate markers used in digesta rate of passage studies; and 2) differences in animal behaviour and natural diet between the two subject species which suggested different digestive strategies and hence different patterns of digesta flow through the GIT. The proposed digesta passage markers were lanthanide metals (Dy, Tm, Eu and Yb) attached to either fibrous particles (1200 - 600�m) or formalin-fixed rumen bacteria (20 � 0.2�m). These markers were shown to not be of the assumed size classes and the extent of lanthanide metal binding differed between the four metals used. An effect due to method of dosing was also observed. The findings of marker inconsistencies caused major limitation to model development and further research is necessary to clarify these markers. The proposal to use digesta flow in the rabbit GIT as a model for digesta flow in the ringtail possum was shown to be idealistic due to the differences in anatomy and behaviour observed between the two herbivores. Laboratory observations, time series analysis and compartmental modelling confirmed the differences between the animals. This study showed: 1) the GIT of the rabbit was more complex both anatomically and functionally than that of the ringtail possum; 2) behaviour affecting digesta passage of the rabbit and ringtail were different and; 3) compartmental models confirmed the anatomical and behavioural findings. Digesta passage in the rabbit could not be modelled mathematically using data on digesta passage due to complexities of the system. In contrast, a basic model was constructed for digesta passage in the ringtail possum. On the basis of these findings, the research hypothesis "that digesta passage in rabbits is similar to that in ringtail possums" was rejected.

本論文主要在探討雲林地區「給神明作契子」的現象，主要的研究地區是海豐堡和布嶼西堡二地。本研究針對廟方、契子和其家人三方面作深入的研究，從過渡儀式、傳統觀念中不潔的概念、民俗醫療為理論基礎，分析孩子「給神明作契子」的原因、儀式的進行、影響和社會意義。 本研究主要的發現有以下幾點： 1. 「給神明作契子」儀式的操控者是孩子的父母、家人，而儀式主要治療的對象除了契子以外，還有契子的家人。 2. 從契子家人的觀點出發，在「給神明作契子」的原因方面，可分為四種：「歹育飼」、家中男丁不旺、家族或地方上的傳統習慣、其它的原因。而父母讓孩子「給神明作契子」，主要的心態有二：一是治療性的心態，一是預防性的心態。 3. 在「給神明作契子」的社會意義方面，此儀式主要是處理社會上個人脫序的問題，經過儀式的進行，使個體恢復正常。所以無論在契子或其家人的身上，「給神明作契子」的儀式都展現了過渡儀式的意義。另一方面，從民俗醫療的觀點來看，「給神明作契子」的儀式是一種治療，對於契子來說，它主要是解決社會文化的疾病，同時它也對契子的家人，產生了心理治療的效果。 4. 除此之外，本研究也分析了不同類型的廟宇對於「給神明作契子」的態度。簡單的區分，廟方對於「給神明作契子」事宜的辦理，主要有三種型態：積極推銷型、維持傳統型、消極處理型。 最後，作者整合整個研究的發現，並提出未來研究的方向，認為可更進一步結合村落中的人、神和廟宇，描繪出一個真實生活的圖像。

In this thesis we develop and use a continuum random walk framework to solve problems that are usually studied using a discrete random walk on a discrete lattice. Problems studied include; the time it takes for a random walker to be absorbed at a trap on a fractal lattice, the calculation of the spectral dimension for several different classes of networks, the calculation of the density of states for a multi-layered Bethe lattice and the relationship between diffusion exponents and a resistivity exponent that occur in relevant power laws. The majority of the results are obtained by deriving an expression for a Laplace transformed Green’s function or first passage time, and then using Tauberian theorems to find the relevant asymptotic behaviour. The continuum framework is established by studying the diffusion equation on a 1-d bar with non-homogeneous boundary conditions. The result is extended to model diffusion on networks through linear algebra. We derive the transformation linking the Green’s functions and first passage time results in the continuum and discrete settings. The continuum method is used in conjunction with renormalization techniques to calculate the time taken for a random walker to be absorbed at a trap on a fractal lattice and also to find the spectral dimension of new classes of networks. Although these networks can be embedded in the d- dimensional Euclidean plane, they do not have a spectral dimension equal to twice the ratio of the fractal dimension and the random walk dimension when the random walk on the network is transient. The networks therefore violate the Alexander-Orbach law. The fractal Einstein relationship (a relationship relating a diffusion exponent to a resistivity exponent) also does not hold on these networks. Through a suitable scaling argument, we derive a generalised fractal Einstein relationship which holds for our lattices and explains anomalous results concerning transport on diffusion limited aggregates and Eden trees.