Este trabalho se dedica à paralelização de um programa para cálculos de propriedades físicas de ligas magnéticas diluídas. O método do grupo de renormalização aplicado ao modelo de Anderson de duas impurezas se mostrou particularmente adequado ao processamento paralelo visto que grande parte dos cálculos pode ser executada simultaneamente, assim como variações nos conjuntos de dados requeridas pelo método. Para tal reescrevemos o programa seqüencial usado anteriormente pelo Grupo de Física Teórica do IFSC e implementamos três versões paralelas. Essas versões diferem entre si em relação à abordagem dada à paralelização. O uso de clusters de computadores se revelou uma opção conveniente pois verificamos que o limitante no desempenho é o tempo tomado pelos cálculos e não pela comunicação. Os resultados mostram uma grande redução no tempo total de execução, porém deficiências no speedup e escalabilidade devido a problemas de balanceamento de carga. Analisamos esses problemas e sugerimos alternativas para solucioná-los. / This dissertation discuss the parallelization of a program that calculates physical properties of dilute magnetic alloys. The renormalization group method applied to Anderson's two impurities model showed to be specially suitable to parallel processing because a large amount of calculations as well as variations of data entries required by the method can be performed simultaneously. To achieve this we rewrote the sequential program previously used by the Theoretical Physics Group of the IFSC and wrote three parallel versions. These versions differ from each other by the parallelization approach. The use of computer clusters revealed to be an appropriate option because the calculation time is the limiting factor on performance instead of communication time. The results show a good reduction of execution time, but speedup and scalability lack due to load balancing problems. We analyze these problems and suggest possible solutions.

O presente trabalho reúne elementos teóricos e experimentais envolvendo os principais fenômenos hidráulicos causadores de danos em bombas hidráulicas de fluxo radial de grande porte. A preocupação do texto está centrada em proporcionar um aprofundamento técnico acerca destes fenômenos hidráulicos de cavitação, a fim de contribuir na análise e solução de problemas em sistemas de bombeamento. Além disso, este trabalho tem a pretensão de transmitir alguma experiência prática fornecida por um evento em que foi detectada a ocorrência de dois destes fenômenos hidráulicos simultâneos em um sistema de bombeamento e a partir disso, realizou-se a análise completa deste evento, incluindo as propostas de solução aos problemas encontrados, as análises técnica e econômica das alternativas de solução e a análise após a implantação da proposta escolhida. O texto apresenta também uma grande quantidade de gráficos e figuras que buscam facilitar a compreensão das definições e das análises dos fenômenos hidráulicos, além de exemplificar os danos típicos dos fenômenos pela visualização direta destes danos nas bombas. / This work presents theoretical and experimental data on the principal hydraulic phenomena responsible for damage in high loaded radial flow hydraulic pumps. The main objective is to provide a technical overview in order to contribute for the analysis and solution on these cavitation pumping systems problems. In addition this work intends to transmit practical experience through a “study of case” where two simultaneous of these hydraulic phenomena were detected. The complete analysis of technical and economical aspects of the alternatives solutions is presented including a great amount of graphs and illustrations that better explain the phenomena of cavitation in hydraulic pumps.

O objetivo geral deste trabalho é propor um instrumento de avaliação do nível de habilidades técnicas ofensivas do basquetebol para atletas e escolares de 10 a 11 anos. A mostra do estudo é de 64 meninos, dentre eles, 48 são escolares e 16 são atletas de basquetebol. Os testes propostos passaram primeiramente por um processo de validação de conteúdo, sendo considerado como válido, e posteriormente por uma validação de construto, através do método de grupos diferenciados, ao qual também teve os critérios atendidos. As habilidades técnicas a serem avaliadas são: drible, passe e arremesso. A reprodutibilidade dos testes foram avaliadas através de coeficientes de correlação intra-classe e correlação de alpha de Cronbach.Na verificação da objetividade foi utilizado também correlações intra-classe e alpha de Cronbach. Foi analisado a assimetria (skewness) e o achatamento (kurtosis) da curva. O teste de Shapiro Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos dados dos atletas. Foi utilizado um nível de significância de 5% para todas as análises. Para o estabelecimento de critérios de seleção em escolares a metodologia utilizada foi a técnica multivariada da Análise da Função Discriminante. Os resultados apresentados em relação a objetividade foram expressos através de alphas de Cronbach de 0,97. A reprodutibilidade dos dados de arremesso apresentou um aplha Cronbach de 0,88. Sobre os dados de passe a reprodutibilidade manifestou um alpha de 0,83, enquanto no drible foi de 0,96. Quanto ao estabelecimento de critérios de performance através da análise da função discriminante, demonstrou que todas a as variáveis utilizadas na equação entre elas, passe, drible e arremesso, tem poder de discriminar atletas e escolares. / The overall aim of this work isto propose a tool for assessing lhe level of technichal skills for offensive basketaball athletes and schollchildren of 10 to 11 years. The sample is 64 childrens, amog them, 48 are scholars and 16 are basketball players. The proposed tests passed first trough a process of content validation, being considered as valid, and later by a construct validation, through the method of differentiated groups, which had also met the criteria. The technichal skills to be assessed are dribbling, passing and shooting. The reliability of tests were evaluated using intra class correlation coefficients and Cronbach’s alpha correlation. On verification of intra evaluator reliability was also used intra-class correlations and Cronbach’s alpha. We analyzed the simetry (skewness) and flatenning (kurtosis) of the curve. The Shapiro Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data of athletes. We used a significance level of 5% for all analyzes. To estabilish selection criteria in students the methodology used was the technique of multivariate analysis is discriminant function analysis. The results presented in relation to objectivity were expressed by Cronbach’s alphas of 0.97. The reproducibility of the data presented a shooting Cronbach alpha of 0.88. About the passing, the reproducibility showed na alpha of 0.83, while the dribbling was used discriminant function analysis and the result was shown that all variables used in this model, including, passing, dribbling and shooting has power to discriminate school athletes.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-03-31T14:27:34Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Quando o extravio é crise emergência e invisibilidade de um 1.pdf: 2398444 bytes, checksum: 76af728572f883f470595c055d26768c (MD5) Quando o extravio é crise emergência e invisibilidade de um 2.pdf: 998578 bytes, checksum: 23c8fc1499fdb124db48ad05ad7da38a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-03-31T14:27:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Quando o extravio é crise emergência e invisibilidade de um 1.pdf: 2398444 bytes, checksum: 76af728572f883f470595c055d26768c (MD5) Quando o extravio é crise emergência e invisibilidade de um 2.pdf: 998578 bytes, checksum: 23c8fc1499fdb124db48ad05ad7da38a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-03-31T14:28:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Quando o extravio é crise emergência e invisibilidade de um 1.pdf: 2398444 bytes, checksum: 76af728572f883f470595c055d26768c (MD5) Quando o extravio é crise emergência e invisibilidade de um 2.pdf: 998578 bytes, checksum: 23c8fc1499fdb124db48ad05ad7da38a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-31T14:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Quando o extravio é crise emergência e invisibilidade de um 1.pdf: 2398444 bytes, checksum: 76af728572f883f470595c055d26768c (MD5) Quando o extravio é crise emergência e invisibilidade de um 2.pdf: 998578 bytes, checksum: 23c8fc1499fdb124db48ad05ad7da38a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-24 / Sem bolsa / O objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar, em primeiro lugar, que há um trânsito inconsciente da humanidade, especialmente a ocidental, de um tempo denominado tradicionalmente de ?Modernidade?, para outro, identificado por vários termos, mas que preferimos fosse denominado ?Pós-Modernidade?. Em segundo lugar, busca-se caracterizar que tal inconsciência proporciona a utilização cotidiana de valores que fundaram a Modernidade, mas que têm hoje importância diversa, ou são até mesmo inservíveis, gerando estranhezas racionais e emocionais desconhecidas pela razão. No âmbito da educação formal, sofremos conseqüências não muito claras, embora nitidamente prejudiciais ao processo educacional. Interessando-nos pela educação jurídica, afirmamos encontrar-se ela em estado de crise, e essa circunstância/contingência é fundamento e o objetivo central do esforço aqui apresentado. Crise de um sujeito extraviado de um tempo e que recaiu, sem muito ou nada perceber, noutro instante da história, o presente, para dar curso ao seu cotidiano com base em muitos valores que fundaram as instituições modernas e que estão, agora na Pós-Modernidade, se revelando curiosos e de importância relativa. A mentalidade jurídica, naturalmente conservadora, acolhe esses valores, inserindo-os no ensino do Direito. Assim, nas Faculdades de Direito é comum uma lide difícil com o contemporâneo e suas novidades, ocorrendo uma dissociação sensível entre academia e realidade. O sujeito extraviado emerge invisivelmente na educação jurídica, e é representado pelos professores e pelos alunos, bem como pela administração educacional em geral, favorecendo a realização de rotinas profissionais desprovidas de um contato mais efetivo com a concretude do mundo atual. Isso conduz a uma distância axiológica importante entre o ensinado/aprendido através de discurso jurídico e a vida humana concreta. Dessa forma, o Direito torna-se algo que vale por conta apenas de sua razão instrumental, material essencial para o uso operacional da Ciência do Direito. A inconsciência do trânsito é própria exatamente da mentalidade jurídica, pouco ou nada afeta às transformações históricas da vida social e individual. Em suma, demonstra-se com essa tese a situação de crise em que se encontra a educação em geral e a educação jurídica em particular por conta de um sujeito histórico que não se reconhece na História, e preserva um discurso esclarecedor do que foi na Modernidade e que em grande parte não mais o é na Pós-Modernidade. Para complementar os estudos e demonstrações teóricas, a tese está dividida em dois tomos, sendo que o primeiro contempla a fundamentação propriamente teórica e o segundo se constitui de um romance, onde o personagem denota, em termos psicológicos, o que se afirma na teoria. A vida do personagem é, assim, a demonstração literária das assertivas formuladas no primeiro tomo, onde se encontra a racionalização sobre os problemas estudados. Em ambos os volumes, contudo, se procura evidenciar uma situação de crise; se no primeiro tomo é uma crise apresentada através de argumentações filosóficas, no segundo, essa crise se mostra nas vivências emocionais do personagem, que percorre a história recente com estranhezas que não sabe bem explicar, mas que não deixa, contudo, de senti-las. / The objective of the present work is to demonstrate, in the first place, that there is an unconscious transit of humanity, especially in the west, of a time traditionally called "Modernity" to another one, identified by various terms, which we preferred to call "Postmodernism". In second place, we seek to characterize that such unconsciousness provides the daily use of the founding values of Modernity, but that nowadays has a different importance, perhaps even useless, evoking an unknown rational and emotional strangeness. In the context of formal education we affirm it is in a state of crisis, and this circumstance/factor is the basis and our major objective, representing the main goal of the academic effort presented here. Crisis of a real person turned aside from a time to lapse without recognizing a few things,, or even not realizing anything, in another moment of History (the present), to give way to his daily routine based on many values that founded the modern institutions and which are now in Postmodernism. These values reveal themselves curious and of relative importance. The naturally conservative legal mentality welcomes these values, inserting them in the legal teaching. So, in the Faculties of Law it‘s very usual occurs a difficult handling with the contemporary and its news. The lost human being emerges invisibly in legal education, and he is represented by teachers and students, as well as by educational administration in general, favoring the implementation of professional routines devoid of a more effective contact with the concreteness of current world. This leads to a significant axiological,distance between the taught/learned through the legal rhetoric and the human life itself. So, Law becomes into something that makes sense only because of its instrumental reason, that is the essencial material to operate the Cience of Law. The unconsciousness of the transit belongs properly to the legal mentality, a little or nothing affected to the historical transformations of the social and individual life. In short, we demonstrate with this thesis the situation of crisis in which are education in general the legal education in particular, on account of a historical man that desn‘t recognize himself in History, preserving a speech enlightening what happenned in Modernity and what, in a large way, exist no more in Postmodernism. To complement the studies and theoretical statements, we divided this work into two tomes. The first contemplates the theoretical reasoning itself and the second is a novel, where the character denotes, in psychological terms, what we statue in theorie. The life of the character is thus the demonstration of literary assertive formulated in the first volume, where the eoretical subjects were seen. In both volumes, however, we try to show a crisis situation; if in the first tome a crisis is introduced through philosophical arguments, in the second it is shown by the emotional experiences of the character, who runs the recent history with some strangenesses which he doesn‘t know how to explain well but that he also doesn‘t stop to feel, however.

The purpose of this paper is to supply a summary of library subroutines and functions for parallel MIMD computers. The subroutines have been developed at the University of Chemnitz during a period of the last five years. In detail, they are concerned with vector operations, inter-processor communication and simple graphic output to workstations. One of the most valuable features is the machine-independence of the communication subroutines proposed in this paper for a hypercube topology of the parallel processors (excepting a kernel of only two primitive system-dependend operations). They were implemented and tested for different hardware and operating systems including transputer, nCube, KSR, PVM. The vector subroutines are optimized by the use of C language and enrolled loops (BLAS1-like). The paper includes hints for using the libraries with both Fortran and C programs.

Resumé The thesis elaborates on the indirect purchaser's standing in disputes for damages caused by a breach of competition law. Its main purpose is to describe and, consecutively, compare the American and European approach to private enforcement of competition law or, more specifically, selected aspects of regulation relating to indirect purchasers. It should be noted that while the roots of the American model of private enforcement date back to the 19th and 20th century, Europe started to pay increased attention to this topic in the 21st century. This fact obviously raises the question of whether and to what extent was the EU inspired by the American model in forming a European approach to private competition law enforcement. For years, this issue has not been regulated on the European level at all. Nevertheless, this changed with the adoption of a landmark Directive 2014/104/EU which shed new light on European conception of private enforcement of competition law. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the subject and aims to put the topic at hand into broader context. The private pillar of competition law enforcement, its advantages and disadvantages as well as its relation to the public pillar are described on a few pages. Subsequently, the history and current state of...

Many parallel applications from scientific computing use MPI collective communication operations to collect or distribute data. Since the execution times of these communication operations increase with the number of participating processors, scalability problems might occur. In this article, we show for different MPI implementations how the execution time of collective communication operations can be significantly improved by a restructuring based on orthogonal processor structures with two or more levels. As platform, we consider a dual Xeon cluster, a Beowulf cluster and a Cray T3E with different MPI implementations. We show that the execution time of operations like MPI Bcast or MPI Allgather can be reduced by 40% and 70% on the dual Xeon cluster and the Beowulf cluster. But also on a Cray T3E a significant improvement can be obtained by a careful selection of the processor groups. We demonstrate that the optimized communication operations can be used to reduce the execution time of data parallel implementations of complex application programs without any other change of the computation and communication structure. Furthermore, we investigate how the execution time of orthogonal realization can be modeled using runtime functions. In particular, we consider the modeling of two-phase realizations of communication operations. We present runtime functions for the modeling and verify that these runtime functions can predict the execution time both for communication operations in isolation and in the context of application programs.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第22587号 / 情博第724号 / 新制||情||124(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科システム科学専攻 / (主査)教授 下平 英寿, 教授 田中 利幸, 教授 山下 信雄, 教授 林 和則(大阪市立大学) / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

This diploma thesis describes and implements the design of a graph neural network usedfor 2D segmentation of neural structure. The first chapter of the thesis briefly introduces the problem of segmentation. In this chapter, segmentation techniques are divided according to the principles of the methods they use. Each type of technique contains the essence of this category as well as a description of one representative. The second chapter of the diploma thesis explains graph neural networks (GNN for short). Here, the thesis divides graph neural networks in general and describes recurrent graph neural networks(RGNN for short) and graph autoencoders, that can be used for image segmentation, in more detail. The specific image segmentation solution is based on the message passing method in RGNN, which can replace convolution masks in convolutional neural networks.RGNN also provides a simpler multilayer perceptron topology. The second type of graph neural networks characterised in the thesis are graph autoencoders, which use various methods for better encoding of graph vertices into Euclidean space. The last part ofthe diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the problem, the proposal of its specific solution and the evaluation of results. The purpose of the practical part of the work was the implementation of GNN for image data segmentation. The advantage of using neural networks is the ability to solve different types of segmentation by changing training data. RGNN with messaging passing and node2vec were used as implementation GNNf or segmentation problem. RGNN training was performed on graphics cards provided bythe school and Google Colaboratory. Learning RGNN using node2vec was very memory intensive and therefore it was necessary to train on a processor with an operating memory larger than 12GB. As part of the RGNN optimization, learning was tested using various loss functions, changing topology and learning parameters. A tree structure method was developed to use node2vec to improve segmentation, but the results did not confirman improvement for a small number of iterations. The best outcomes of the practical implementation were evaluated by comparing the tested data with the convolutional neural network U-Net. It is possible to state comparable results to the U-Net network, but further testing is needed to compare these neural networks. The result of the thesisis the use of RGNN as a modern solution to the problem of image segmentation and providing a foundation for further research.

Introduktion: Passningsförmåga är en av dom viktigaste förmågorna att utveckla hos unga fotbollsspelare. Forskning har även visat att passningsförmågan tenderar att försämras av trötthet, vilket kan uppstå under match. ICON är en ny digital utrustning för att mäta fotbollsspelares passningsförmåga på fältet som inte tidigare studerats i forskningen. Syfte: var att undersöka ICON passningstest test-retest reliabilitet samt validitet till passningsprocent i en fotbollsmatch hos unga manliga fotbollsspelare. Vidare jämfördes aerob intensitet (HRpeak) under ett kort testprotokoll (1 min) i ICON jämfört med ett längre testprotokoll (2 min). Metod: Tolv unga manliga pojkfotbollsspelare (ålder = 10.7 ± 0.5 år; längd = 143.5 ± 3.8 cm; och vikt = 34.2 ± 2.3 kg) rekryterades till studien och genomförde tre testprotokoll. ICON har till funktion att kunna spåra antal passningsträffar. Matcherna genomfördes inomhus och videokameror sattes upp för att kunna räkna ut passningsprocenten. Hjärtfrekvensen (HRpeak) undersöktes och Borg-CR10-skalan skattades från deltagarna som utförde ICON. Resultat: ICON passningstest test-retest reliabilitet visade hög relativ reliabilitet (ICC = 0.90– 0.93, p ≤ 0.05). Det fanns en stark positiv signifikant korrelation (r = 0.88, p ≤ 0.05) mellan maximalt antal poäng från ICON passningstest under 1 minut och passningsprocent under en fotbollsmatch. Dessutom var HRpeak signifikant (p ≤ 0.05) högre i det långa ICON testprotokoll jämfört med det korta testprotokollet. Dock fanns ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad (p ≥ 0.05) i passningspoäng mellan det långa och korta ICON testet. Vidare fanns det ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad (p ≥ 0.05) i Borg-CR10-skalan. Slutsats: ICON passningstest är en valid och reliabel metod och kan rekommenderas för att mäta passningsförmågan hos unga manliga fotbollsspelare. Framtida forskning rekommenderas att validera och undersöka reliabiliteten på flera olika populationer. / Introduction: Passing is one of the most important abilities to develop in young male soccer players. Research has also shown that passing tends to be impaired by fatigue that can occur during a match. ICON is a new technological equipment for measuring soccer players passing ability in the field that has not previously been studied in research. Purposes: was to examine ICON passing tests test-retest reliability as well as validity to pass percentage in a soccer match among young male soccer players. Furthermore, aerobic intensity (HRpeak) was compared during a short test protocol (1 min) in ICON compared to a longer test protocol (2 min). Methods: Twelve young male soccer players (age = 10.7 ± 0.5 years; height = 143.5 ± 3.8 cm; and weight = 34.2 ± 2.3 kg) were recruited to the study and performed three test protocols. ICON has the function to track the number of passing hits. The matches were conducted indoors, and video cameras were setup to calculate the pass percentage. The heart rate (HR peak) was examined, and the Borg-CR10-scale was estimated from the participants. Results: ICON passing test test-retest reliability showed high relative reliability (ICC = 0.90- 0.93, p ≤ 0.05). There was a strong positive significant correlation (r = 0.88), p ≤ 0.05) between the maximum number of points from the ICON passing test for 1 minute and the pass percentage during a soccer match. In addition, HRpeak was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in the long ICON test protocol compared to the short test protocol. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in passing scores between the long and short ICON passing test. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in the Borg-CR10-scale. Conclusions: ICON passing test is a valid and reliable method and can be recommended to measure the passing ability of young male soccer players. Future research is recommended to validate and investigate the reliability of several different populations.