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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG HEALTHY WORK ENVIRONMENTS, NURSE CARING, AND NURSING-SENSITIVE PATIENT OUTCOMES IN MAGNET HOSPITALS

Unknown Date (has links)
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among Healthy Work Environments (HWEs), nurse caring behaviors, and nursing-sensitive patient outcomes, specifically catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), patient falls with injury, and hospital-associated pressure injuries (HAPIs) Stage 2 and above in Magnet hospitals. A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative, study was conducted between January 1, 2018, and February 28, 2018, in seven Magnet-designated hospitals in a large faith-based system in the United States. A convenience, non-probability, purposive sample of permanently employed, direct-care RNs assigned to inpatient adult medical-surgical, telemetry, progressive care, stepdown, and critical care units were eligible to participate in the study. Three hundred and thirty-nine of 2632 eligible direct-care RNs participated in the study resulting in an overall response rate of 13.0% with a range of 5.5%–38.1% across hospitals. Nurse participants completed the AACN Healthy Work Environment Assessment Tool and the Nurse Caring Behaviors Inventory–24. Nursing-sensitive patient outcome data were obtained from patients cared for in the units during the study period. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
2

Ovarian cancer study dropouts had worse health-related quality of life and psychosocial symptoms at baseline and over time

Mercieca-Bebber, Rebecca L, Price, Melanie A, Bell, Melanie L, King, Madeleine T, Webb, Penelope M, Butow, Phyllis N 10 1900 (has links)
AimsParticipant drop out is a major barrier to high-quality patient-reported outcome (PRO) data analysis in cancer research as patients with worsening health are more likely to dropout. To test the hypothesis that ovarian cancer patients with worse PROs would drop out earlier, we examined how patients differed by time of dropout on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), anxiety, depression, optimism and insomnia. MethodsThis analysis included 619 participants, stratified by time of dropout, from the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study - Quality of Life substudy, in which participants completed PRO questionnaires at three-monthly intervals for 21 months. Trends in PROs over time were examined. Pearson correlations examined the relationship between time of dropout and baseline PROs. Multiple linear regression models including age, disease stage and time since diagnosis examined relationships between baseline and final PRO scores, and final PRO scores and dropout group. ResultsParticipants who dropped out earlier had significantly worse baseline HRQOL (p<0.0001) and higher depression (p<0.0001). For all five PROs, final scores were significantly associated with baseline scores (p<0.0001). Time of dropout was significantly associated with final HRQOL (p=0.003), anxiety (p=0.05), depression (p=0.02) and optimism (p=0.02) scores. Depression, HRQOL and anxiety worsened at a faster rate overtime in dropouts than study completers. ConclusionsPoorer HRQOL and higher depression at baseline, and final HRQOL, anxiety, depression and optimism scores were predictive of time of dropout. These results highlight the importance of collecting auxiliary data to inform careful and considered handling of missing PRO data during analysis, interpretation and reporting.
3

Identification of complications requiring interventions after gastrointestinal cancer surgery from real-world data: An external validation study / リアルワールドデータを用いた消化管癌術後の侵襲的介入を要する合併症の抽出:外的妥当性研究

Kinoshita, Hiromitsu 24 November 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24970号 / 医博第5024号 / 新制||医||1069(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 川上 浩司, 教授 大鶴 繁 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
4

Avalia??o da qualidade de vida usando OHIP-14 em pacientes submetidos ? reposi??o total da articula??o temporomandibular : um estudo prospectivo

Weber, Alexandre 20 December 2017 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-28T17:56:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXANDRE_WEBER_DIS.pdf: 783948 bytes, checksum: 88cfac1ab658550afa3a87b25b872da9 (MD5) / Rejected by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido devido ? falta de folha de rosto no pdf. on 2018-04-12T12:05:10Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-29T12:15:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXANDRE_WEBER_DIS.pdf: 783948 bytes, checksum: 88cfac1ab658550afa3a87b25b872da9 (MD5) / Rejected by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido novamente devido ? falta de folha de rosto no pdf . on 2018-06-07T12:52:13Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-08T19:05:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXANDRE_WEBER_DIS.pdf: 359121 bytes, checksum: 86424efdd5d668baacef118324363a8f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-19T11:16:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXANDRE_WEBER_DIS.pdf: 359121 bytes, checksum: 86424efdd5d668baacef118324363a8f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-19T11:45:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALEXANDRE_WEBER_DIS.pdf: 359121 bytes, checksum: 86424efdd5d668baacef118324363a8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Objetivo: Comparar, em pacientes tratados com pr?tese total da articula??o temporomandibular (ATM), a qualidade de vida relacionada ? sa?de bucal antes e ap?s a cirurgia, utilizando a forma curta do perfil de impacto na sa?de bucal (OHIP-14). Material e M?todos: Os participantes foram convidados a completar o OHIP-14 antes da cirurgia (T0) e aos 2 meses (T1), 6 meses (T2) e 1 ano ap?s a cirurgia (T3). A intensidade da dor e a gravidade dos sintomas foram avaliadas usando uma escala visual anal?gica (EVA). Resultados: Dez pacientes tratados com pr?tese de ATM com acompanhamento de 1 ano foram inclu?dos. Entre T0 e T3, os escores m?dios diminu?ram significativamente de 1,1 ? 1,0 para 0,1 ? 0,2 na limita??o funcional, de 3,4 ? 0,6 para 0,0 ? 0,1 em dor f?sica, de 2,9 ? 0,9 para 0,1 ? 0,2 em desconforto psicol?gico, de 2,2 ? 1,5 para 0,1 ? 0,3 em defici?ncia f?sica e de 1,7 ? 0,9 para 0,0 ? 0,0 em defici?ncia psicol?gica (p <0,001 para todas as compara??es). Houve tamb?m uma diminui??o significativa no escore total m?dio de OHIP-14 entre T0 (12,32 ? 5,18) e T3 (0,44 ? 0,65) (p <0,001). Observou-se melhora significativa na dor na ATM de T0 a T3 (p <0,001), com melhorias tamb?m observadas na dor de cabe?a e na fadiga muscular. Conclus?es: Nossos resultados sugerem que a reposi??o total da ATM reduz os sintomas e a dor, levando a uma melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes e no bem-estar psicol?gico. / Objective: To compare, in patients treated with total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prostheses, oral health-related quality of life before and after surgery using the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Material and Methods: Participants were asked to complete the OHIP-14 before surgery (T0) and at 2 months (T1), 6 months (T2), and 1 year after surgery (T3). Pain intensity and symptom severity were rated using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Ten patients treated with TMJ prostheses completed the 1-year follow-up and were included. Between T0 and T3, mean scores decreased significantly from 1.1?1.0 to 0.1?0.2 in functional limitation, from 3.4?0.6 to 0.0?0.1 in physical pain, from 2.9?0.9 to 0.1?0.2 in psychological discomfort, from 2.2?1.5 to 0.1?0.3 in physical disability, and from 1.7?0.9 to 0.0?0.0 in psychological disability (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). There was also a significant decrease in the mean total OHIP-14 score between T0 (12.32?5.18) and T3 (0.44?0.65) (p < 0.001). Significant improvement was observed in TMJ pain from T0 to T3 (p < 0.001), with improvements also seen in headache and muscle fatigue. Conclusions: Our results suggest that total TMJ replacement reduces symptoms and pain, leading to an improvement in patients? quality of life and psychological well-being.
5

Estudo prospectivo em angina refratária: evolução clínica e o papel da troponina ultrassensível / A prospective study of patients with refractory angina: clinical outcome and the role of high-sensitivity troponin

Poppi, Nilson Tavares 25 August 2015 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Aproximadamente 10% dos pacientes com doença arterial coronária (DAC) apresentam angina refratária, condição crônica causada por insuficiência coronariana, que não pode ser controlada pela combinação de tratamento medicamentoso, angioplastia ou cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (RM). Os preditores de eventos cardiovasculares neste grupo crescente de pacientes são escassos. Os ensaios para a troponina T cardíaca ultrassensível (TnTc-us) são valiosos biomarcadores que podem ser utilizados para determinar o prognóstico de pacientes com DAC estável, mas não há evidência que esta habilidade se mantenha em indivíduos com doença mais grave e extensa, como ocorre na angina refratária. Os objetivos deste estudo são: avaliar a eficácia de um protocolo de otimização terapêutica para pacientes encaminhados por angina refratária, os preditores de óbito e infarto do miocárdio (IM), assim como o papel da TnTc-us como ferramenta prognóstica neste cenário. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e observacional que incluiu 117 pacientes (83 homens, 62,7 ± 9,4 anos), por amostragem consecutiva, de Outubro de 2008 a Setembro de 2013. Os critérios de inclusão foram: angina pectoris estável classificada pela Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) de II a IV, evidência de isquemia miocárdica documentada por um teste não invasivo e DAC obstrutiva considerada desfavorável para RM após a avaliação de uma coronariografia recente por um \"Heart Team\". O tratamento medicamentoso foi titulado de acordo com a tolerância dos pacientes durante um período de três meses e a seguir, o seguimento ambulatorial foi semestral. As dosagens de TnTc-us foram obtidas na consulta inicial e após três meses. O desfecho primário foi a incidência combinada de óbito por todas as causas e IM não fatal. RESULTADOS: Houve significativa prevalência de DAC triarterial (75,2%), angina CCS III ou IV (60,7%) e antecedentes de procedimentos de RM prévia (91,5%). A maioria dos pacientes apresentou função ventricular preservada (61,5%). Valores de TnTc-us acima do limite de detecção (3 ng/L) foram encontrados em 79,5% dos pacientes e 27,4% apresentaram concentrações acima do percentil 99 para indivíduos saudáveis (14 ng/L). Os preditores independentes de valores mais elevados de TnTc-us foram: disfunção ventricular esquerda, não usar bloqueadores de canais de cálcio, pressão arterial sistólica elevada, e ritmo de filtração glomerular reduzido. A melhora de ao menos uma classe funcional CCS foi alcançada em 50% dos pacientes (P < 0,001) e 25,9% se apresentaram sem angina ou com angina CCS I após três meses de tratamento. Houve redução significativa nos episódios de angina (P < 0,001) e no consumo de nitrato sublingual (P = 0,029). Não houve redução dos níveis de TnTc-us após 3 meses de otimização terapêutica. Durante um seguimento mediano de 28 meses (intervalo interquartil de 18 a 47,5 meses), a taxa de eventos combinados foi estimada em 13,4% (5,8% para óbito) pelo método de Kaplan-Meier. Preditores univariados para o desfecho composto foram os níveis de TnTc-us e disfunção ventricular esquerda. Após análise de regressão multivariada através do modelo de regressão de risco proporcional de Cox, apenas a TnTc-us foi independentemente associada com os eventos avaliados, tanto como variável contínua (HR por aumento em cada unidade do logarítimo natural: 2,83; IC 95% de 1,62 a 4,92; P < 0,001) quanto como variável categórica (HR para concentrações acima do percentil 99: 5,14; IC 95% de 2,05 a 12,91; P < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: O protocolo de otimização terapêutica demonstrou ser bem tolerado e eficaz em reduzir os sintomas de angina em grande parte dos pacientes inicialmente considerados refratários. No entanto, esta melhora clínica não foi acompanhada por redução nas concentrações plasmáticas de troponina T ultrassensível, um biomarcador que nosso estudo revelou como o mais forte preditor de óbito e infarto do miocárdio não fatal nos pacientes com angina refratária. A incidência de eventos cardiovasculares neste estudo foi menor do que a relatada anteriormente e se aproximou da taxa observada entre os pacientes com doença arterial coronária complexa passível de revascularização miocárdica / BACKGROUND: Approximately 10% of patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) suffer from refractory angina, a chronic condition caused by coronary insufficiency which cannot be controlled by a combination of medical therapy, angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery. The predictors of cardiovascular events in this growing group of patients are limited. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assays are valuable biomarkers that may be used to determine the prognosis of patients with stable CAD, but there is no evidence that this ability would be retained in individuals with more severe and extensive disease, as is the case in refractory angina. The aims of this study are to evaluate the effectiveness of a maximally tolerated medical therapy, the predictors of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), as well as the role of hs-cTnT as a prognostic tool in this setting. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 117 consecutive patients (83 men, 62.7 ± 9.4 years) in this study between October 2008 and September 2013. All patients had angina as classified by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) II to IV at their first visit, and evidence of myocardial ischemia via any stress test. A heart team ruled out myocardial revascularization feasibility after assessing recent coronary angiograms. Optimal medical therapy was up-titrated over three months. Patients were followed every 6 months via outpatient visits; plasma hs-cTnT levels were determined at baseline and after three months. The primary endpoint was the composite incidence of death and nonfatal MI. RESULTS: There were high prevalence of three-vessel CAD (75.2%), angina CCS class III or IV (60.7%) and history of previous myocardial revascularization (91.5%); most of the patients had preserved left ventricular function (61.5%). Hs-cTnT values were either at or above the limit of detection (3 ng/L) in 79.5% of patients and we noted concentrations either at or greater than the 99th percentile of healthy individuals (14 ng/L) in 27.4% of patients. The independent predictors of higher concentrations of hs-cTnT were as follows: left ventricular dysfunction, no calcium channel blocker use at baseline, elevated systolic blood pressure and reduced glomerular filtration rate. The improvement of at least one CCS functional class occurred in 50% of patients (P < 0.001) and 25.9% were free from angina or were CCS I after three months of medical therapy. There was a significant reduction in the number of angina attacks (P < 0.001) and a reduction in short-acting nitrate consumption (P = 0.029). There was no reduction in hs-cTnT levels after the three-month medical therapy optimization. During a median follow-up period of 28.0 months (interquartile range, 18.0 to 47.5 months), an estimated 28.0-month cumulative event rate of 13.4% (5.8% for allcause death) was determined via the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate predictors of the composite endpoint were as follows: hs-cTnT levels and left ventricular dysfunction. Following a multivariate analysis via a Cox proportional-hazards regression model, only hs-cTnT was independently associated with the events in question, either as a continuous variable (HR per unit increase in the natural logarithm, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.62 to 4.92; P < 0.001) or as a categorical variable (HR for concentrations above the 99th percentile, 5.14; 95% CI, 2.05 to 12.91; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients initially diagnosed with refractory angina, the optimal medical therapy protocol was well tolerated and effective in reducing the symptoms of angina in most patients. However, such clinical improvement was not accompanied by a decrease in plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity troponin T, a biomarker that our study identified as the strongest predictor of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with refractory angina. The incidence of cardiovascular events in this study was lower than that previously reported, leading to outcomes approaching those of patients with complex coronary artery disease who are suitable for myocardial revascularization
6

Desfechos clínicos em neutropenia febril

Rosa, Regis Goulart January 2015 (has links)
Neutropenia febril (NF) constitui complicação frequente do tratamento quimioterápico do câncer e está associada a altas taxas de morbimortalidade. O reconhecimento dos principais fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de desfechos clínicos desfavoráveis na NF é fundamental, uma vez que estes podem ser utilizados como marcadores prognósticos ou alvos terapêuticos. Este estudo objetiva determinar os principais fatores associados com mortalidade, tempo de hospitalização, incidência de bacteremia por patógenos multirresistentes e incidência de choque séptico no início da febre em pacientes hospitalizados com NF secundária à quimioterapia citotóxica para o câncer. Na presente coorte prospectiva composta por 305 episódios consecutivos de NF (em 169 pacientes com câncer) realizada em um hospital terciário no período de outubro de 2009 a agosto de 2011, as seguintes questões de pesquisa foram avaliadas: impacto do tempo de início da antibioticoterapia na mortalidade em 28 dias; fatores relacionados com tempo de hospitalização; impacto dos fatores microbiológicos da bacteremia no desenvolvimento de choque séptico no início do episódio de NF; fatores de risco para bacteremia por patógenos multirresistentes; impacto da bacteremia por Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo na mortalidade em 28 dias. Em 5 publicações distintas, os seguintes resultados foram notados: o atraso do início da antibioticoterapia está associado a maiores taxas de mortalidade em 28 dias; neoplasia hematológica, regimes quimioterápicos de altas doses, duração da neutropenia e bacteremia por Gram-negativos multirresistentes estão associados com períodos prolongados de internação por NF; infecção de corrente sanguínea polimicrobiana, bacteremia por Escherichia coli e bacteremia por Streptococcus viridans estão associados a choque séptico no início do episódio de NF; idade avançada, duração da neutropenia e presença de cateter venoso central estão associados com bacteremia por patógenos multirresistentes; bacteremia por Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo está associada a menores taxas de mortalidade em 28 dias quando comparado à bacteremia por outros patógenos. / Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common complication of cancer chemotherapy and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Recognition of the main factors associated with the development of adverse clinical outcomes in FN is crucial, given that these factors can be used as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets. This study aims to determine the main factors associated with mortality, length of hospital stay, incidence of bacteremia by multidrug-resistant pathogens and incidence of septic shock at the onset of fever in hospitalized patients with FN secondary to cancer cytotoxic chemotherapy. In the present prospective cohort of 305 FN episodes (in 169 cancer patients) conducted at a tertiary hospital from October 2009 to August 2011, the following research questions were evaluated: impact of time to antibiotic administration on 28-day mortality; factors associated with length of hospital stay; impact of microbiological factors of bacteremia on the development of septic shock at the onset of FN; risk factors for bacteremia by multidrug-resistant pathogens; impact of coagulasenegative Staphylococcus bacteremia on 28-day mortality. In 5 distinct publications, the following results were noted: delay of antibiotic administration is associated with higher 28-day mortality rates; hematologic malignancy, high-dose chemotherapy regimens, duration of neutropenia and bacteremia by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are associated with prolonged length of hospital stay; polymicrobial bloodstream infection, bacteremia by Escherichia coli, and bacteremia by viridans sreptococci are associated with septic shock at the onset of FN; advanced age, duration of neutropenia and presence of indwelling central venous catheters are associated with bacteremia by multidrug-resistant pathogens; coagulase-negative Staphylococcus bacteremia is associated with lower 28-day mortality rates compared with bacteremia by other pathogens.
7

Desfechos clínicos em neutropenia febril

Rosa, Regis Goulart January 2015 (has links)
Neutropenia febril (NF) constitui complicação frequente do tratamento quimioterápico do câncer e está associada a altas taxas de morbimortalidade. O reconhecimento dos principais fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de desfechos clínicos desfavoráveis na NF é fundamental, uma vez que estes podem ser utilizados como marcadores prognósticos ou alvos terapêuticos. Este estudo objetiva determinar os principais fatores associados com mortalidade, tempo de hospitalização, incidência de bacteremia por patógenos multirresistentes e incidência de choque séptico no início da febre em pacientes hospitalizados com NF secundária à quimioterapia citotóxica para o câncer. Na presente coorte prospectiva composta por 305 episódios consecutivos de NF (em 169 pacientes com câncer) realizada em um hospital terciário no período de outubro de 2009 a agosto de 2011, as seguintes questões de pesquisa foram avaliadas: impacto do tempo de início da antibioticoterapia na mortalidade em 28 dias; fatores relacionados com tempo de hospitalização; impacto dos fatores microbiológicos da bacteremia no desenvolvimento de choque séptico no início do episódio de NF; fatores de risco para bacteremia por patógenos multirresistentes; impacto da bacteremia por Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo na mortalidade em 28 dias. Em 5 publicações distintas, os seguintes resultados foram notados: o atraso do início da antibioticoterapia está associado a maiores taxas de mortalidade em 28 dias; neoplasia hematológica, regimes quimioterápicos de altas doses, duração da neutropenia e bacteremia por Gram-negativos multirresistentes estão associados com períodos prolongados de internação por NF; infecção de corrente sanguínea polimicrobiana, bacteremia por Escherichia coli e bacteremia por Streptococcus viridans estão associados a choque séptico no início do episódio de NF; idade avançada, duração da neutropenia e presença de cateter venoso central estão associados com bacteremia por patógenos multirresistentes; bacteremia por Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo está associada a menores taxas de mortalidade em 28 dias quando comparado à bacteremia por outros patógenos. / Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common complication of cancer chemotherapy and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Recognition of the main factors associated with the development of adverse clinical outcomes in FN is crucial, given that these factors can be used as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets. This study aims to determine the main factors associated with mortality, length of hospital stay, incidence of bacteremia by multidrug-resistant pathogens and incidence of septic shock at the onset of fever in hospitalized patients with FN secondary to cancer cytotoxic chemotherapy. In the present prospective cohort of 305 FN episodes (in 169 cancer patients) conducted at a tertiary hospital from October 2009 to August 2011, the following research questions were evaluated: impact of time to antibiotic administration on 28-day mortality; factors associated with length of hospital stay; impact of microbiological factors of bacteremia on the development of septic shock at the onset of FN; risk factors for bacteremia by multidrug-resistant pathogens; impact of coagulasenegative Staphylococcus bacteremia on 28-day mortality. In 5 distinct publications, the following results were noted: delay of antibiotic administration is associated with higher 28-day mortality rates; hematologic malignancy, high-dose chemotherapy regimens, duration of neutropenia and bacteremia by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are associated with prolonged length of hospital stay; polymicrobial bloodstream infection, bacteremia by Escherichia coli, and bacteremia by viridans sreptococci are associated with septic shock at the onset of FN; advanced age, duration of neutropenia and presence of indwelling central venous catheters are associated with bacteremia by multidrug-resistant pathogens; coagulase-negative Staphylococcus bacteremia is associated with lower 28-day mortality rates compared with bacteremia by other pathogens.
8

Desfechos clínicos em neutropenia febril

Rosa, Regis Goulart January 2015 (has links)
Neutropenia febril (NF) constitui complicação frequente do tratamento quimioterápico do câncer e está associada a altas taxas de morbimortalidade. O reconhecimento dos principais fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de desfechos clínicos desfavoráveis na NF é fundamental, uma vez que estes podem ser utilizados como marcadores prognósticos ou alvos terapêuticos. Este estudo objetiva determinar os principais fatores associados com mortalidade, tempo de hospitalização, incidência de bacteremia por patógenos multirresistentes e incidência de choque séptico no início da febre em pacientes hospitalizados com NF secundária à quimioterapia citotóxica para o câncer. Na presente coorte prospectiva composta por 305 episódios consecutivos de NF (em 169 pacientes com câncer) realizada em um hospital terciário no período de outubro de 2009 a agosto de 2011, as seguintes questões de pesquisa foram avaliadas: impacto do tempo de início da antibioticoterapia na mortalidade em 28 dias; fatores relacionados com tempo de hospitalização; impacto dos fatores microbiológicos da bacteremia no desenvolvimento de choque séptico no início do episódio de NF; fatores de risco para bacteremia por patógenos multirresistentes; impacto da bacteremia por Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo na mortalidade em 28 dias. Em 5 publicações distintas, os seguintes resultados foram notados: o atraso do início da antibioticoterapia está associado a maiores taxas de mortalidade em 28 dias; neoplasia hematológica, regimes quimioterápicos de altas doses, duração da neutropenia e bacteremia por Gram-negativos multirresistentes estão associados com períodos prolongados de internação por NF; infecção de corrente sanguínea polimicrobiana, bacteremia por Escherichia coli e bacteremia por Streptococcus viridans estão associados a choque séptico no início do episódio de NF; idade avançada, duração da neutropenia e presença de cateter venoso central estão associados com bacteremia por patógenos multirresistentes; bacteremia por Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo está associada a menores taxas de mortalidade em 28 dias quando comparado à bacteremia por outros patógenos. / Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common complication of cancer chemotherapy and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Recognition of the main factors associated with the development of adverse clinical outcomes in FN is crucial, given that these factors can be used as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets. This study aims to determine the main factors associated with mortality, length of hospital stay, incidence of bacteremia by multidrug-resistant pathogens and incidence of septic shock at the onset of fever in hospitalized patients with FN secondary to cancer cytotoxic chemotherapy. In the present prospective cohort of 305 FN episodes (in 169 cancer patients) conducted at a tertiary hospital from October 2009 to August 2011, the following research questions were evaluated: impact of time to antibiotic administration on 28-day mortality; factors associated with length of hospital stay; impact of microbiological factors of bacteremia on the development of septic shock at the onset of FN; risk factors for bacteremia by multidrug-resistant pathogens; impact of coagulasenegative Staphylococcus bacteremia on 28-day mortality. In 5 distinct publications, the following results were noted: delay of antibiotic administration is associated with higher 28-day mortality rates; hematologic malignancy, high-dose chemotherapy regimens, duration of neutropenia and bacteremia by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are associated with prolonged length of hospital stay; polymicrobial bloodstream infection, bacteremia by Escherichia coli, and bacteremia by viridans sreptococci are associated with septic shock at the onset of FN; advanced age, duration of neutropenia and presence of indwelling central venous catheters are associated with bacteremia by multidrug-resistant pathogens; coagulase-negative Staphylococcus bacteremia is associated with lower 28-day mortality rates compared with bacteremia by other pathogens.
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Estudo prospectivo em angina refratária: evolução clínica e o papel da troponina ultrassensível / A prospective study of patients with refractory angina: clinical outcome and the role of high-sensitivity troponin

Nilson Tavares Poppi 25 August 2015 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Aproximadamente 10% dos pacientes com doença arterial coronária (DAC) apresentam angina refratária, condição crônica causada por insuficiência coronariana, que não pode ser controlada pela combinação de tratamento medicamentoso, angioplastia ou cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (RM). Os preditores de eventos cardiovasculares neste grupo crescente de pacientes são escassos. Os ensaios para a troponina T cardíaca ultrassensível (TnTc-us) são valiosos biomarcadores que podem ser utilizados para determinar o prognóstico de pacientes com DAC estável, mas não há evidência que esta habilidade se mantenha em indivíduos com doença mais grave e extensa, como ocorre na angina refratária. Os objetivos deste estudo são: avaliar a eficácia de um protocolo de otimização terapêutica para pacientes encaminhados por angina refratária, os preditores de óbito e infarto do miocárdio (IM), assim como o papel da TnTc-us como ferramenta prognóstica neste cenário. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e observacional que incluiu 117 pacientes (83 homens, 62,7 ± 9,4 anos), por amostragem consecutiva, de Outubro de 2008 a Setembro de 2013. Os critérios de inclusão foram: angina pectoris estável classificada pela Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) de II a IV, evidência de isquemia miocárdica documentada por um teste não invasivo e DAC obstrutiva considerada desfavorável para RM após a avaliação de uma coronariografia recente por um \"Heart Team\". O tratamento medicamentoso foi titulado de acordo com a tolerância dos pacientes durante um período de três meses e a seguir, o seguimento ambulatorial foi semestral. As dosagens de TnTc-us foram obtidas na consulta inicial e após três meses. O desfecho primário foi a incidência combinada de óbito por todas as causas e IM não fatal. RESULTADOS: Houve significativa prevalência de DAC triarterial (75,2%), angina CCS III ou IV (60,7%) e antecedentes de procedimentos de RM prévia (91,5%). A maioria dos pacientes apresentou função ventricular preservada (61,5%). Valores de TnTc-us acima do limite de detecção (3 ng/L) foram encontrados em 79,5% dos pacientes e 27,4% apresentaram concentrações acima do percentil 99 para indivíduos saudáveis (14 ng/L). Os preditores independentes de valores mais elevados de TnTc-us foram: disfunção ventricular esquerda, não usar bloqueadores de canais de cálcio, pressão arterial sistólica elevada, e ritmo de filtração glomerular reduzido. A melhora de ao menos uma classe funcional CCS foi alcançada em 50% dos pacientes (P < 0,001) e 25,9% se apresentaram sem angina ou com angina CCS I após três meses de tratamento. Houve redução significativa nos episódios de angina (P < 0,001) e no consumo de nitrato sublingual (P = 0,029). Não houve redução dos níveis de TnTc-us após 3 meses de otimização terapêutica. Durante um seguimento mediano de 28 meses (intervalo interquartil de 18 a 47,5 meses), a taxa de eventos combinados foi estimada em 13,4% (5,8% para óbito) pelo método de Kaplan-Meier. Preditores univariados para o desfecho composto foram os níveis de TnTc-us e disfunção ventricular esquerda. Após análise de regressão multivariada através do modelo de regressão de risco proporcional de Cox, apenas a TnTc-us foi independentemente associada com os eventos avaliados, tanto como variável contínua (HR por aumento em cada unidade do logarítimo natural: 2,83; IC 95% de 1,62 a 4,92; P < 0,001) quanto como variável categórica (HR para concentrações acima do percentil 99: 5,14; IC 95% de 2,05 a 12,91; P < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: O protocolo de otimização terapêutica demonstrou ser bem tolerado e eficaz em reduzir os sintomas de angina em grande parte dos pacientes inicialmente considerados refratários. No entanto, esta melhora clínica não foi acompanhada por redução nas concentrações plasmáticas de troponina T ultrassensível, um biomarcador que nosso estudo revelou como o mais forte preditor de óbito e infarto do miocárdio não fatal nos pacientes com angina refratária. A incidência de eventos cardiovasculares neste estudo foi menor do que a relatada anteriormente e se aproximou da taxa observada entre os pacientes com doença arterial coronária complexa passível de revascularização miocárdica / BACKGROUND: Approximately 10% of patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) suffer from refractory angina, a chronic condition caused by coronary insufficiency which cannot be controlled by a combination of medical therapy, angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery. The predictors of cardiovascular events in this growing group of patients are limited. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assays are valuable biomarkers that may be used to determine the prognosis of patients with stable CAD, but there is no evidence that this ability would be retained in individuals with more severe and extensive disease, as is the case in refractory angina. The aims of this study are to evaluate the effectiveness of a maximally tolerated medical therapy, the predictors of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), as well as the role of hs-cTnT as a prognostic tool in this setting. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 117 consecutive patients (83 men, 62.7 ± 9.4 years) in this study between October 2008 and September 2013. All patients had angina as classified by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) II to IV at their first visit, and evidence of myocardial ischemia via any stress test. A heart team ruled out myocardial revascularization feasibility after assessing recent coronary angiograms. Optimal medical therapy was up-titrated over three months. Patients were followed every 6 months via outpatient visits; plasma hs-cTnT levels were determined at baseline and after three months. The primary endpoint was the composite incidence of death and nonfatal MI. RESULTS: There were high prevalence of three-vessel CAD (75.2%), angina CCS class III or IV (60.7%) and history of previous myocardial revascularization (91.5%); most of the patients had preserved left ventricular function (61.5%). Hs-cTnT values were either at or above the limit of detection (3 ng/L) in 79.5% of patients and we noted concentrations either at or greater than the 99th percentile of healthy individuals (14 ng/L) in 27.4% of patients. The independent predictors of higher concentrations of hs-cTnT were as follows: left ventricular dysfunction, no calcium channel blocker use at baseline, elevated systolic blood pressure and reduced glomerular filtration rate. The improvement of at least one CCS functional class occurred in 50% of patients (P < 0.001) and 25.9% were free from angina or were CCS I after three months of medical therapy. There was a significant reduction in the number of angina attacks (P < 0.001) and a reduction in short-acting nitrate consumption (P = 0.029). There was no reduction in hs-cTnT levels after the three-month medical therapy optimization. During a median follow-up period of 28.0 months (interquartile range, 18.0 to 47.5 months), an estimated 28.0-month cumulative event rate of 13.4% (5.8% for allcause death) was determined via the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate predictors of the composite endpoint were as follows: hs-cTnT levels and left ventricular dysfunction. Following a multivariate analysis via a Cox proportional-hazards regression model, only hs-cTnT was independently associated with the events in question, either as a continuous variable (HR per unit increase in the natural logarithm, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.62 to 4.92; P < 0.001) or as a categorical variable (HR for concentrations above the 99th percentile, 5.14; 95% CI, 2.05 to 12.91; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients initially diagnosed with refractory angina, the optimal medical therapy protocol was well tolerated and effective in reducing the symptoms of angina in most patients. However, such clinical improvement was not accompanied by a decrease in plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity troponin T, a biomarker that our study identified as the strongest predictor of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with refractory angina. The incidence of cardiovascular events in this study was lower than that previously reported, leading to outcomes approaching those of patients with complex coronary artery disease who are suitable for myocardial revascularization
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Frailty and Outcomes in Liver Transplantation: A Dissertation

Dolgin, Natasha H. 04 April 2016 (has links)
In recent years, the transplant community has explored and adopted tools for quantifying clinical insight into illness severity and frailty. This dissertation work explores the interplay between objective and subjective assessments of physical health status and the implications for liver transplant candidate and recipient outcomes. The first aim characterizes national epidemiologic trends and the impact of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid quality improvement policies on likelihood of waitlist removal based on the patient being too frail to benefit from liver transplant (“too sick to transplant”). This aim includes more than a decade (2002–2012) of comprehensive national transplant waitlist data (Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR)). The second aim will assess and define objective parameters of liver transplant patient frailty by measuring decline in lean core muscle mass (“sarcopenia”) using abdominal CT scans collected retrospectively at a single U.S. transplant center between 2006 and 2015. The relationship between these objective sarcopenia measures and subjective functional status assessed using the Karnofsky Functional Performance (KPS) scale are described and quantified. The third aim quantifies the extent to which poor functional status (KPS) pre-transplant is associated with worse post-transplant survival and includes national data on liver transplantations conducted between 2005 and 2014 (SRTR). The results of this dissertation will help providers in the assessment of frailty and subsequent risk of adverse outcomes and has implications for strategic clinical management in anticipation of surgery. This research will also to serve to inform national policy on the design of transplant center performance measures.

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