Patriarchal Trauma in Appalachian Literature examines the effects of subjugation on women as it is represented in three novels set in Appalachia. I define patriarchal trauma as an act causing mental anguish to a woman and perpetrated against her because she is a woman. I use the term to encompass violent, catastrophic harms but more particularly to pinpoint the traumatic effects of the quotidian, systemic deprivation of women’s autonomy. Reconsidering classic texts such as James Still’s River of Earth and Robert Morgan’s Gap Creek: The Story of a Marriage as narratives of women’s trauma establishes a lineage on the subject, which culminates in Lee Smith’s more recent Guests on Earth. This project eschews authenticity as an analytical tool, turning instead to modes of argument in feminism’s toolkit to delineate the potentially grim outcomes for women whose agency is constricted or usurped. While patriarchal control mechanisms such as domestic violence and sexual abuse inflict readily observable injuries on women, I argue that common, everyday subordination to men can exact a similar emotional toll, especially on women who strenuously defy male dominance. These traumatic states, I further contend, have previously been read as inevitable acquiescence or a genuine desire for subjugation in River and Gap Creek, respectively, while experiences of trauma in Guests are directly portrayed as mistaken interpretations of madness. Reassessing women characters’ numb, compliant, depressed, or enraged emotions as responses to patriarchal trauma challenges the practice of pathologizing women’s rebellion.

In this thesis the constitutional policies of the three Commoner Estates (Priests, Burghers and Peasants) of the Swedish Riksdag between the years 1660 and 1682 is examined. While many previous historians have focused on the power-struggle between the Crown and the nobility, the Commoner Estates have been presumed to be staunch supporters of absolutism. I argue that the picture is far more complex. Case-studies of a number of political negotiations that concerned the distribution of political power show that the Commoners were flexible in their constitutional policies. When they sensed they were in a strong position, they were explicit in their demand for a say in political decisions. But when they were weak, they were deferential to the government. If there is one constant in their policies it is not blind reverence to royalties: the thesis show that they could sacrifice the interests of powerless members of the royal family in favour of security and defence of Protestant faith. In comparison, the Commoners were more eager to protect the rights of their own Estates and of the Riksdag as a whole. One important feature of Commoner politics was the willingness of Priests, Burghers and Peasants to co-operate, which sometimes made them quite influential. In the thesis the relations between the Estates are examined. I also have endeavoured to examine the political institutions, the rules that governed politics in the Riksdag during the period. It is observed that the institutional structures were quite complex and unclear, which gav an advantage to well-oriented Estates like the Priests and the Nobility in comparison with the Peasants. The Priests also was the best organized Estate of the Commoners. Other factors that favoured the clergy was that they were led by politically experienced bishops; that they had common privileges that all priests were interested in defending; and that they were strengthened and united by their religious ideology.

This is a qualitative study that explores the thoughts and experiences of honour culture of young men who have previously been living in a residential care home for unaccompanied children. The data was collected through four semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The social constructionist theory was used together with previous research in order to analyse the results. The results of this study show that the informants highly associate honour culture with women, and therefore feel burdened with the fact that they are expected to guard females both in and outside their own families. Results also show that males are subjected to honour based oppression in different forms. Furthermore, it was found that honour culture is connected to shame and a fear of being ostracized from the family or the community.

Poems contains fifty-two poems and an afterword that explains some of the ideas that prompted the poems as well as some information about the poetic techniques and allusions. Their primary purpose is to communicate the experiences of a woman living in a patriarchal society, which contemporary American society certainly is. The poems expose how a young woman fits into such a society as a human being and an artist . They stress the need for women writers to play ever-increasing roles in society.

Huseby bruk was a large isolated industry that bloomed during the 19th century and was located in the county of Småland, Sweden. It was a large industry focused on many different areas and in large it was self-sufficient. Like many other industries at the time Huseby bruk was lead by a patriarchal leader named Joseph Stephens who died in 1934. At this time many Swedish industries were in decline due to modernization and labour unions on the rise. The first local union on Huseby bruk officially started in 1947. After Joseph Stephens death the oldest daughter Florence Stephens took over the industry and lead it until 1957. The main focus of this study has been to look at the relations between the local labour unions and the managing directors during the period 1947-1957. Further the study has aimed to look at how conflicts between the unions and the managers were handled and if the unions were conscious of the downturn period that the industry was experiencing. Finally the study has looked at how the local labour unions interacted with other unions. The results of the study has shown that the patriarchal relations between worker and manager had ceased to exist. Instead the workers depended more upon the larger unions. The conflicts had an hierarchic order where the local union first tried to solve the conflict themselves before seeking help from larger unions. The local unions were conscious of the downturn period from which I have drawn the conclusion that the unions had a increased understanding for the conflicts they had with Huseby bruk.

Sky-high Flames is about Ofunne Ofili, an intelligent and ambitious young woman in a Nigerian oppressive patriarchal society who, nevertheless, dreams of becoming a teacher. Once in school, her high spiritedness leads her to constant trouble. After her mother falls ill, Ofunne's father demands that she withdraw from school. But she completes her education with the help of Reverend Sister Dolan, who was her school principal, and who was drawn to Ofunne's personality. After graduation, Ofunne's father insists that she marry a man she barely knows. She consents only because the man is both Catholic and educated. After three years of marriage, her in-laws threaten her with divorce because she has not yet produced a child. While suffering from the guilt of childlessness, Ofunne discovers that her husband has infected her with syphilis. Sky High Flames is about how our hopes and dreams can turn out to become the very tools that destroy us.

This thesis argues that Isabel Archer of Henry James’s novel The Portrait of a Lady and Lily Bart of Edith Wharton’s novel The House of Mirth were nineteenth-century characters struggling to assert their social and sexual independence in a male dominated society. Although Isabel inherits a fortune that allegedly enables her to have more autonomy than Lily, both characters are negatively affected by their inability to conceive of their lives outside of social convention.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:49:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDOMILSON FERNANDES BRAGA.pdf: 853881 bytes, checksum: 010479343853e7415d82c9b9470feb02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-24 / This dissertation approaches in its essence the subjects that involve the gender relationships and it connections with the power, having as operational instruments the clerical celibacy instituted by the Catholic Church and legally described in the Code of Canonical Right. Also is object of this work a critical interpretation of the celibacy starting from the arts perspective by the Oliviero Toscani photographic art. The central approach of this work permeates in the analysis from theoretical parts about, sexuality, the imprisonment of the bodies and of the desires and specifically as the clerical celibacy - now expert as instrument of the power - it uses the imprisonment of the bodies and desires as argument to control the sexuality and to move away man and woman and for consequence the church s power, which is obtained by the man isolation in a contrary sense. / Esta dissertação aborda na sua essência as questões que envolvem as relações de gênero e suas imbricações com o poder, tendo como instrumento de operacionalização o celibato clerical instituído pela Igreja Católica e legalmente descrito no Código de Direito Canônico. Também é objeto deste trabalho uma releitura crítica do celibato a partir da perspectiva da arte, nomeadamente a arte fotográfica de Oliviero Toscani. Paralelamente a esta abordagem central, permeia este trabalho dissertativo um recorte teórico sobre a sexualidade, o aprisionamento dos corpos e dos desejos e, especificamente como o celibato clerical - agora entendido como instrumento do poder utiliza o aprisionamento dos corpos e dos desejos como argumento para controlar a sexualidade e afastar a mulher do homem e, por conseqüência, do poder da Igreja, o que, num sentido contrário, é obtido pelo

Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a estrutura celular da família, percebida como uma corrente, em que a fragilidade de um dos elos (desgaste ou rompimento) pode fazer ruir toda a sua poderosa estrutura. Foram objeto de análise as obras Pequenos burgueses, Casa na duna e Uma abelha na chuva, de Carlos de Oliveira. Estudaram-se, separadamente e em conjunto, as relações familiares: pai, mãe, filhos, marido e mulher, e o papel representado por cada um, no seio de uma família tradicional de modelo judaico-cristão, que, no advento da modernidade, vê seus valores contestados, fragilizados e, pouco a pouco, desmoronando. Patriarcalismo e Marialvismo, submissão da mulher, desconstrução do masculino, desejos insatisfeitos, comportamentos sexuais tidos como modelares, são alguns dos aspectos discutidos em Estranhamento, desencontros e solidão: a representação da família na ficção de Carlos de Oliveira. Foi possível detectar, nos romances, a ausência de afetividade entre parceiros, talvez provocada por uniões firmadas em bases de interesses que não levam em consideração o amor, mas a manutenção de um status social no qual o casamento é um movimento inercial que permite a homens e mulheres manterem o patrimônio herdado, ou se torna uma mercadoria em que se troca sangue por dinheiro. Carlos de Oliveira, numa perspectiva temporal, desconstrói e desmistifica a família de modelo tradicional, revelando suas mazelas e os comportamentos hipócritas, tecidos de falso moralismo, percebidos na moral dúbia de seus elementos humanos. / This work is a result of a research on the cellular structure of the family, seen as a chain, in which the fragility of one of the links (consuming or breakage) can drop all its powerful structure. The dissertation analyzes Casa na duna, Pequenos burgueses e Uma abelha na chuva, novels by Carlos de Oliveira. We studied, separately and in set, the familiar relations: father, mother, children, husband and wife and the role played by them in the family circle of a traditional Jewish-Christian family, that, in the advent of modernity, sees its values contested and, little by little, pulling down. Patriarchal System and Marialvismo, submission of women, unsatisfied desires, deconstruction of the male, patterned sexual behaviors, are some of the aspects argued in Estranhamento, desencontros e solidão: a representação da família na ficção de Carlos de Oliveira. It was possible to detect, in the novels, the lack of affection between partners, perhaps caused by unions signed on bases of interests that do not take in consideration the love, but the social maintenance of one status in which the marriage is an inertial motion that allows to the men and women to keep the inherited patrimony, or becomes a merchandise in which it exchanges blood for money. Carlos de Oliveira, in a secular perspective, deconstructs and demystifies the family of traditional model, disclosing to its wounds and the hypocritical behaviors, made of false value judgment, perceived in the dubious morality of its human elements.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta dissertação busca analisar como Joan Riley, escritora jamaicana que vive na Inglaterra, expõe e denuncia em suas obras a submissão feminina diante da opressão e violência sexual sofridas por mulheres negras. Objetivamos apontar a crítica ao papel dos discursos patriarcal e pós-colonial, práticas de poder que tornam o contexto social das mulheres representadas em seus romances propício para o exercício do jugo masculino, através da exploração do silêncio de mulheres vítimas de abusos sexuais. O necessário recorte do objeto restringiu a análise às duas personagens centrais dos romances The Unbelonging (1985) e A Kindness to the Children (1992), mulheres cujas subjetividades foram anuladas pela objetificação de seus corpos e a desumanização de suas identidades / The present work aims at analyzing how Joan Riley, Jamaican writer who lives in England, exposes and denounces in her work the female submission in face of the oppression and sexual violence suffered by black women. The objective of the study is to point out the authors criticism of patriarchal and post-colonial discourses, power practices which insert the women represented in her fiction into the proper social context for the exercise of male domination, through her exploration of silence of women who are victims of sexual abuse. The necessary cut of the object restricted the analysis to the two central characters in the novels The Unbelonging (1985) and A Kindness to the Children (1992), women whose subjectivities were made null by the objectification of their bodies and the dehumanization of their identities