Global ETD Search

11	Digital Fabrication and Open Concepts : An emergent paradigm of consumer electronics production Andersson, Pär January 2015 (has links) Open Source och relaterade mjukvarukoncept och utvecklingsmodeller är vid det här laget allmänt bekanta och har varit föremål för många studier. Open Source Hardware är mindre spritt och studerat, och så även emergent teknologi som för in traditionellt industriella tekniker som 3D-printing, laserskärare, och CAD-baserade produktionsverktyg i mindre skala i hem- och hobbymiljöer. Dessa ämnen har främst studerats ur mer renodlat tekniska perspektiv, snarare än att sättas i samband i en vidare kontext. Denna kombinerar internet som infrastruktur och socialt medium för kunskaps- och resursdelning; open source-koncept; de möjligheter som tillgängligheten av mer och mer kapabel och överkomlig hårdvara byggd på öppen design bereder; och andra relaterade socio-tekniska fenomen vilka börjat framträda de senaste 5-10 åren. I denna uppsats undersöker jag denna större kontext. Uppsatsen har utförts i form av en litteraturstudie av existerande forskning inom ovanstående diskreta områden, och i den mån de finns även dess inbördes relationer. Denna kontext framträder som ett emergent paradigm kring produktion av hemelektronik, och även som exemplifierande trenden av teknologins fortsatta intåg som allestädes närvarande i våra liv och vår omgivning. Resultaten indikerar en gryende förändring i hur vi interagerar med teknik, vilka som gör det och varför, i vilka kontexter, och ett framträdande av en ny ekonomi. Jag visar på att ytterligare forskning behövs, och att perspektivet bör flyttas från att analyseras enbart i diskreta termer som teknik, open source-principer, DIY et cetera, utan även till vad som framstår som resultatet där dessa konvergerar, den naturliga konsekvensen av ett folkligt anammande av denna teknik och open source-koncept. open source open source hardware DIY maker culture Arduino Raspberry Pi open design commons-based peer production Information Systems
12	Online cooperation and peer production / Coopération en ligne et production par les pairs Hergueux, Jérôme 12 June 2014 (has links) Des logiciels Open Source à Wikipédia, la production par les pairs mobilise des centaines de milliers de contributeurs de par le monde. C’est une source importante de création de valeur dans les secteurs très compétitifs de l’information et de la technologie, ainsi qu’une source majeure d’innovation. Au-delà même de son importance économique, l’émergence de la production par les pairs représente une opportunité d’éclairer un certain nombre de questions anciennes et particulièrement ardues dans la littérature d’un jour nouveau. Compte-tenu de la nature souvent non conventionnelle des incitations au travail dans les environnements de production par les pairs, ceux-ci sont particulièrement adaptés à l’étude de l’impact des préférences économiques non standard sur la production de biens publics, à l’analyse de leur rôle en tant que motivations au travail, ainsi qu’à l’évaluation de leurs conséquences en termes d’économie organisationnelle.Ce travail de thèse s'appuie sur un outil d’expérimentation en ligne original (développé et évalué dans le chapitre 1) pour combiner expériences en ligne à large échelle et méthodes computationnelles (i.e. l’extraction systématique de données sur le comportement de terrain des sujets) afin de (i) mener le tout premier test de terrain exhaustif de la théorie de la production privée de biens publics, (ii) étudier l’importance des préférences sociales en tant que motivations au travail au sein d’organisations productives réelles et (iii) procéder aux premiers tests de terrain documentant des comportements endogènes d’appariement des agents économiques au sein d’équipes productives en fonction de leur type coopératif. / From Open Source Software to Wikipedia, peer production involves hundreds of thousands of contributors worldwide. It is an important source of value creation in the most competitive sectors of information and technology, as well as a major source of innovation. Beyond its economic significance, the emergence of peer production also represents an opportunity to shed new lights on a number of longstanding but notably difficult questions in the literature. Given the unconventional nature of many of the work incentives at play in peer production environments, those are particularly well suited for researching the impact of non standard economic preferences on public goods provision, studying their role as work incentives, and assessing their consequences in terms of organizational economics.This Ph.D. work leverages a novel online experimentation tool (developed and assessed in Chapter 1) to combine large-scale online experiments and computational methods (i.e. the systematic extraction of data on subjects’ field behavior) to respectively (i) provide the first comprehensive field test of the theory of the private provision of public goods, (ii) study the importance of social preferences as work motives within real-world productive organizations and(iii) report the first field evidence of endogenous sorting behavior of economic agents within productive teams based on their cooperative types. Expérience de terrain Préférences sociales Biens publics Economie du travail Production par les pairs Wikipédia Logiciels open source Internet Méthodologie Field experiment Social preferences Public goods Labor economics Peer production Wikipédia Open source software Internet Methodology 338
13	Frihetens rike : Wikipedianer om sin praktik, sitt produktionssätt och kapitalismen Lund, Arwid January 2015 (has links) This study is about voluntary productive activities in digital networks and on digital platforms that often are described as pleasurable. The aim of the study is to relate the peer producers’ perceptions of their activities on a micro level in terms of play, game, work and labour, to their views on Wikipedia’s relation to capitalism on a macro level, to compare the identified ideological formations on both levels and how they relate to each other, and finally compare the identified ideological formations with contemporary Marxist theory on cognitive capitalism. The intention is to perform a critical evaluation of the economic role of peer production in society.Qualitative and semi-structured interviews with eight Wikipedians active within the Swedish language version of Wikipedia constitute the empirical base of the study together with one public lecture by a Wikipedian on the encyclopaedia and a selection of pages in the encyclopaedia that are text analysed. The transcribed interviews have been analysed using a version of ideological analysis as it has been developed by the Gothenburg School. The views on the peer producing activities on the micro level has been analysed in a dialectical way but is also grounded in a specific field model.Six ideological formations are identified in the empirical material. On the micro level: the peripheral, bottom-up- and top-down-formation, on the macro level: the Californian alikeness ideology, communism of capital and capitalism of communism. Communism of capital has two sides to it: one stresses the synergies and the other the conflicts between the two phenomena. The formations on the macro level conform broadly to contemporary Marxist theory, but there are important differences as well. The study results in a hypothesis that the critical side of communism of capital and the peripheral and bottom-up-formation could help to further a more sustainable capitalism of communism, and counteract a deeper integration of the top-down-formation with Californian alikeness ideology. The latter is the main risk of capitalist co-optation of the peer production that is underway as the manifestly dominant formations on the macro level are Californian alikeness ideology and communism of capital. / <p>©<strong> </strong>2015 Arwid Lund, used under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/</p><p></p> Wikipedia Peer Production Crowdsourcing Digital Labour Digital Work Wikipedians Ideology Ideology Analysis Historical Materialism Marxism Autonomist Marxism Capitalism Cognitive Capitalism Communism of Capital Capitalism of Communism Play Playing Work Working Gaming Labour Labouring Mode of Production Wikipedia wikipedianer jämlik produktion marxism autonom marxism historiematerialism produktionssätt ideologi ideologianalys kommunism kapitalism kognitiv kapitalism kapitalets kommunism kommunismens kapitalism lek tillverkning tävling arbete lönarbete gåvoekonomi encyklopedier uppslagsverk immateriellt arbete
14	Networked cultural production : filmmaking in the Wreckamovie community Hjorth, Isis Amelie January 2014 (has links) This thesis challenges core assumptions associated with the peer production of culture using the web-based collaborative film production platform Wreckamovie to understand how peer production works in practice. Active cultural participation is a growing political priority for many governments and cultural bodies, but these priorities are often implemented without a basis in empirical evidence, making it necessary for rigorous scholarship to tackle emerging networked cultural production. Existing work portrays peer production efforts as unrealistically distinct from proprietary, market-based production, incorrectly suggesting that peer production allows distributed, non-monetarily motivated, collaboration between self-selected individuals in hierarchy-free communities. In overcoming these assumptions, this thesis contributes to the development of a consolidated theoretical framework encompassing the complicated and multifaceted nature of networked cultural production. This theoretical framing extends Bourdieu’s theory of cultural production and reconciles it with Becker’s Art Worlds framework, and further embeds and draws on Benkler’s notion of commons-based peer production. Concretely, this research tackles the emergence of new collaborative production models enabled by networked technologies, and theorizes the tensions and challenges characterizing such production forms. Secondly, this thesis redefines cultural participation and considers the divisions of labour in online filmmaking materializing from the interactions between professional and non-professional filmmakers. Finally, this study considers the social economies surrounding networked cultural production, including crowdfunding, and characterizes associated conversions of capital, such as the conversion of symbolic capital into financial capital. Methodologically, this thesis employs an embedded case study strategy. It examines four feature film productions facilitated by the online platform Wreckamovie, as well as the online community within which these productions are embedded. The four production cases have completed all production stages, and have resulted in completed cultural goods during the course of data collection. This study’s findings were derived from two and half years of participant observations, interviews with 29 Wreckamovie community and production members, and the examination of archived production-related discourses (2006-2013). Ultimately, this study makes concrete proposals towards a theory of networked cultural production with clear policy implications. 791.43
15	Frihetens rike : Wikipedianer om sin praktik, sitt produktionssätt och kapitalismen Lund, Arwid January 2015 (has links) This study is about voluntary productive activities in digital networks and on digital platforms that often are described as pleasurable. The aim of the study is to relate the peer producers’ perceptions of their activities on a micro level in terms of play, game, work and labour, to their views on Wikipedia’s relation to capitalism on a macro level, to compare the identified ideological formations on both levels and how they relate to each other, and finally compare the identified ideological formations with contemporary Marxist theory on cognitive capitalism. The intention is to perform a critical evaluation of the economic role of peer production in society.Qualitative and semi-structured interviews with eight Wikipedians active within the Swedish language version of Wikipedia constitute the empirical base of the study together with one public lecture by a Wikipedian on the encyclopaedia and a selection of pages in the encyclopaedia that are text analysed. The transcribed interviews have been analysed using a version of ideological analysis as it has been developed by the Gothenburg School. The views on the peer producing activities on the micro level has been analysed in a dialectical way but is also grounded in a specific field model.Six ideological formations are identified in the empirical material. On the micro level: the peripheral, bottom-up- and top-down-formation, on the macro level: the Californian alikeness ideology, communism of capital and capitalism of communism. Communism of capital has two sides to it: one stresses the synergies and the other the conflicts between the two phenomena. The formations on the macro level conform broadly to contemporary Marxist theory, but there are important differences as well. The study results in a hypothesis that the critical side of communism of capital and the peripheral and bottom-up-formation could help to further a more sustainable capitalism of communism, and counteract a deeper integration of the top-down-formation with Californian alikeness ideology. The latter is the main risk of capitalist co-optation of the peer production that is underway as the manifestly dominant formations on the macro level are Californian alikeness ideology and communism of capital. / <p>©<strong> </strong>2015 Arwid Lund, used under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/</p><p></p> Wikipedia Peer Production Crowdsourcing Digital Labour Digital Work Wikipedians Ideology Ideology Analysis Historical Materialism Marxism Autonomist Marxism Capitalism Cognitive Capitalism Communism of Capital Capitalism of Communism Play Playing Work Working Gaming Labour Labouring Mode of Production Wikipedia wikipedianer jämlik produktion marxism autonom marxism historiematerialism produktionssätt ideologi ideologianalys kommunism kapitalism kognitiv kapitalism kapitalets kommunism kommunismens kapitalism lek tillverkning tävling arbete lönarbete gåvoekonomi encyklopedier uppslagsverk immateriellt arbete Information Studies Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap

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