Though Quintilian introduced the term in loco parentis in his Institutio Oratoria by suggesting that teachers think of themselves as parents of a student's mind, composition scholars have let parenting as a metaphor for teaching fall by the wayside in recent discussions of classroom authority. Podis and Podis have recently revived the term, though, and investigated the ways writing teachers enact Lakoff's "Strict Father" and "Nurturing Mother" authority models. Unfortunately, their treatment of these two opposite authority styles reduces classroom authority styles to a mutually exclusive binary of two less than satisfactory options. I propose clinical and developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind's taxonomy of parenting styles as the ideal way to reform our thinking as a field about the authority model we should adopt in our writing classrooms. While Baumrind includes the inferior models Podis and Podis work from in her authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, she found that the authoritative style, which is both strict and nurturing, promises the best results for parenting children: autonomy and academic achievement. By applying her descriptions of authoritative parents and the outcomes for their children to the practices of composition instructors and their students, I reveal how useful Baumrind's taxonomy of parenting styles could be for a field that often uses nuanced terms for authority without either clearly defining them or backing claims with replicable, aggregable, data-driven (RAD) research. If our field chooses to adopt Baumrind's terminology and definitions, then, we will be able to communicate about classroom authority in terms anchored in a coherent paradigm and garner more respect for our field as we probe the outcomes of Baumrind's authoritative parenting style as a college composition teaching style through our own empirical research.

The research presented in this thesis, studies driver gap acceptance behavior for permissive left turn movements at signalized intersections. The thesis attempts to model the gap acceptance behavior using three different approaches, a deterministic statistical approach, a stochastic approach, and a psycho-physical approach. First, the deterministic statistical modeling approach is conducted using logistic regression to characterize the impact of a number of variables on driver gap acceptance behavior. The variables studied are the gap duration, the driver's wait time in search of an acceptable gap, the time required to travel to clear the conflict point, and the rain intensity. Considering stochastic gap acceptance, two stochastic approaches are compared, namely: a Bayesian and a Bootstrap approach. The study develops a procedure to model stochastic gap acceptance behavior while capturing model parameter correlations without the need to store all parameter combinations. The model is then implemented to estimate stochastic opposed saturation flow rates. Finally, the third approach uses a psycho-physical modeling approach. The physical component captures the vehicle constraints on gap acceptance behavior using vehicle dynamics models while the psychological component models the driver deliberation and decision process. In general, the three proposed models capture gap acceptance behavior for different vehicle types, roadway surface conditions, weather effects and types of control which could affect the driver gap acceptance behavior. These findings can be used to develop weather responsive traffic signal timings and can also be integrated into emerging IntelliDrive systems. / Master of Science

Thesis ((M. A.(Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / The influences of alcohol abuse amongst the youth have been linked to multiple risk factors. Alcohol abuse among the youth is costing the country a lot of money every year. The aim of the study was to explore and describe risk factors of alcohol abuse amongst the youth in Musina Town, Limpopo Province. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative approaches (mixed method). An exploratory-descriptive research design was utilised. The population of the study was drawn from learners and church leaders. A triangulation of sampling designs were employed in this research project: stratified-target and purposive sampling designs. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science and Nvivo software. The study revealed that an easy access to purchase alcohol, affordability of alcohol, peer pressure, self-esteem, stress, permissive parents, family members who drink and poor legislations enforcement put young people at risk of indulge binge drinking. Moreover, the study revealed that those above-mentioned risk factors have a negative impact on the well-being of young people. Young people who indulge into alcohol abuse end up contracting sexual transmitted infection and/or having unplanned pregnancy which later result in abortion. Alcohol abuse amongst the youth has been a contributing factor to social problems. The above study indicated, peers pressure, poor legislation enforcement, accessibility substances, affordability of alcohol, self-esteem and stress plays a significant role in influence youth’s decision to use or not use alcohol. To that end, the risk factors of alcohol abuse amongst the youth influences the behavioural change which later encourages maladaptive behaviours such as heavy episodic drinking at parties. The findings of the study point to the disbursements of funds for research purposes and in particular to Social Work scholars to do more research on risk factors of alcohol abuse in deep rural areas.

This thesis is a reassessment of gay male politics in England and Wales during the period between the decriminalisation of homosexual acts in private in 1967 and the HIV epidemic of the early 1980s. It looks beyond the activities of the revolutionary Gay Liberation Front and its offshoots which have dominated previous accounts. Instead it considers a broader range of social and political organisations which developed for gay men in the seventies: including reformist NGOS such as the Campaign for Homosexual Equality, the gay club scene, and publications such as Gay News. Through a detailed consideration of these less formally radical enterprises it argues that the seventies saw the creation of a broadly Habermasian 'public sphere' of gay male life. The gay male public sphere was a set of social spaces, political campaigns, and communications media which were explicitly aligned to a gay male identity and had no direct precedent in previous queer public cultures. However, this was not precisely analogous to gay men 'Coming Out' as the GLF understood the term. Participation in the gay male public did not necessarily involve openly declaring your sexuality to all possible audiences. It was also not necessarily a radical challenge to the state and existing society and, this thesis argues, gay male politics in the seventies was characterised as much by people who wanted to work within existing systems as it was by those who wanted to overturn them. This thesis also considers the limits that were placed on the gay male public sphere, through an account of the operation of the Sexual Offences Act and Mary Whitehouse's prosecution of Gay News for blasphemous Libel. As such it is a contribution to debates about the nature and extent of Britain's postwar 'Permissive Society'.

Magister Artium - MA / This study aims to explore the family environment of non-admitting sex offenders in order to gain insight into the family characteristics that could be contributing factors towards the behaviour of denial. However, the focus will not be on the families of the sex offenders, but rather on the non-admitting sex offenders’ views of their family environment. The theoretical framework used is the Social Learning Theory, because it supports the fact that most behaviour is learned through modelling the behaviour of others. The researcher used a qualitative approach and the aim of the study was to generate information that would describe the family environment of non-admitting sex offenders. The population of this study was incarcerated, sentenced sex offenders with specific focus on the non-admitting sex offender as the unit of analysis. Ten (10) participants were purposively selected for the study and semi-structured interviews were conducted with each one in order to generate the needed information for the study

Since their introduction to the 2009 Edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, flashing yellow arrows (FYA) have had significant success in communicating the permissive turn message. While widely used for the permissive left turn maneuver, agencies recently have been utilizing flashing yellow arrows for the use with right turn applications as drivers interact with crossing pedestrians. As pedestrian conflicts are a concern during the permissive green phase, there is additional worry for the potential interaction between a pedestrian and vehicle turning right on red. This research explores the existing driver comprehension of permissive right turns during both green and red phases through static evaluation and microsimulation. Proposed traffic devices including the FYA and the Dynamic No Turn on Red sign were evaluated in relation to the existing signal and sign conditions implemented in the field. In comparing the proposed FYA to the existing circular green signal, the survey evaluation determined a statistically significant increase in drivers’ yielding responses when interacting with the FYA as opposed to the circular green. Through application of the VISSIM program, it was determined that right turning speeds with the FYA present were significantly lower than when interacting with solely the circular green. Both the static evaluation and microsimulation determined a strong similarity between the existing circular red and R10-11 sign and the proposed dynamic no turn on red sign which verifies the strong understanding drivers have of the message and the sign itself.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan unga vuxnas psykiska hälsa och upplevelsen av deras föräldrars föräldrastilar under barndomen. Studien utgick ifrån de fyra föräldrastilarna auktoritativ, auktoritär, tillåtande och försumlig. För att undersöka detta formulerades fyra olika påståenden om att det fanns ett positivt samband mellan samtliga föräldrastilar och psykisk hälsa/ohälsa bland unga vuxna. Det formulerades även ett femte påstående: att sambandet mellan föräldrastilar och unga vuxnas psykiska hälsa var starkare bland män än kvinnor. Studien genomfördes med kvantitativ metod och tvärsnittsdesign. I urvalet ingick 128 studenter från Högskolan i Skövde (86 kvinnor, 40 män och två som uppgav annat som kön) med ålder mellan 18 och 29. Via högskolans olika student-facebookgrupper fick respondenterna svara på en enkät bestående av tre delar. Den första delen täckte bakgrundsfrågor om kön och ålder. Den andra delen användes mätinstrumentet S-EMBU, för att mäta upplevelsen av föräldrabeteende/föräldrastilar, och i den tredje delen ingick mätinstrumentet GHQ-12, för att mäta generell psykisk hälsa. Resultaten visade att finns ett starkt samband mellan unga vuxnas mentala hälsa och deras upplevelse av sina föräldrars föräldrastilar under barndomen. De auktoritativa och tillåtande föräldrastilarna hade en positiv inverkan på unga vuxnas mentala hälsa, medan den auktoritära och försumliga föräldrastilen hade en negativ inverkan. Studien fann också att effekten av föräldrastilar på mental hälsa varierade beroende på kön, där sambandet var starkare bland kvinnorna än bland männen. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between young adults' mental health and their experiences of their parents’ parenting styles during their childhoods. The study was based on the four parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and negligent parenting styles. To investigate this, four different claims stating that there was a positive relationship between all the parenting styles and mental health/mental illness among young adults were formulated. A fifth assumption claiming that the relationship between parenting styles and young adults' mental health was stronger among men than among women was also constructed. The study was conducted using a quantitative method and cross-sectional design with a study sample consisting of 128 students from the University of Skövde (86 women, 40 men and two who didn’t identify by either gender) with ages ranging between 18 to 29 years. The respondents were asked through the university's various student Facebook groups to partake in answering a questionnaire consisting of three parts. The first part covered background questions about gender and age. The second part used the measuring instrument S-EMBU to measure the experience of parenting behavior/parenting styles, and the third part included the measuring instrument GHQ-12 to measure general mental health. The results showed a strong relationship between young adults' mental health and their experiences of their parents' parenting styles during childhood. The authoritative and permissive parenting styles had a positive impact on young adults' mental health, while the authoritarian and neglectful parenting styles had a negative impact. The study also found that the effect of parenting styles on mental health varied by gender, with the relationship being stronger among women than among men.

Text in Afrikaans / Teen die agtergrond van toenemende gewelddadige gedrag binne die konteks van verskillende bevolkingsgroepe en gemeenskappe, is reeds ·heelwat navorsing ten opsigte van die aard en oorsake van aggressiewe gedrag onderneem. Aggressiwiteit as vorm van afwykende gedrag is nog nooit deur die onderskeie gemeenskappe in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika aanvaar nie. Die oorsake van aggressiwiteit word deur verskillende navorsers vanuit wydverspreide ooghoeke benader. Hoewel fisiologiese oorsake van aggressiewe gedrag nie deur die skrywer ontken word nie, word in hierdie studie die volwasse mens as verantwoordelike en verantwoordbare wese se motivering vir aggressiewe gedrag van naderby beskou. 'n Weldeurdagte literatuurstudie oor aggressiwiteit sowel as die basiese hunkeringe van die mens in die kontemporer-moderne wereld, het aan die lig gebring dat mense verskillend optree al sou hulle aan dieselfde samelewingseise blootgestel word. Ervaringsreste, veral ten opsigte van pedagogiese verhoudings, blyk 'n groat rol in die vorming van die selfbeeld sowel as belewing en hantering van krisissituasies te speel. Die mens staan nooit alleen in die wereld nie, maar is voortdurend in 'n verhouding betrokke. Die noodwendigheid van verhoudings raak horn as sosiale wese, en is ten nouste gekoppel aan belewing en beagting van die self. Defhalwe word die ervaring van verhoudings uit veral die kinderdae, of te wel pedagogiese verhoudings, as van deurslaggewende belang by die vorming van die selfbeeld beskou. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie is geverifieer by wyse van 'n idiografiese ondersoek. Gevangenes wat aggressiewe misdade gepleeg het, is op vrywillige basis by die navorsing betrek. Na aanleiding van genoemde bevindings is dit nodig geag om 'n gestandaardiseerde vraelys vir die meting van elkeen se selfbeeldstand in te skakel. Aanbevelings is geformuleer nadat insig uit navorsingsresultate ten aansien van die interafhanklikheid van pedagogiese verhoudings, selfbeeldvorming en aggressiwiteit, verkry is. Hierdie aanbevelings is veral gerig op steungewende, terapeutiese begeleiding van die aggressiewe oortreder sodat hy vaardighede kan aanleer waar~olgens hy lewenskrisisse kan begryp en hanteer. / Extensive research has already been undertaken in respect of the nature of aggression against the background of increasingly violent behaviour within different population groups and communities. Aggression as a form of deviant behaviour has never been accepted by the various communities in the Republic of South Africa. Researchers have investigated the causes of aggression from a wide range of perspectives. Although the author does not deny the existence of physiological causes of aggressive behaviour, this research focuses on the motivation for aggressive behaviour in the adult as responsible and accountable being. A thorough study of the literature concerning aggression as well as, the basic yearnings of man in the contemporary modern world, revealed a diversity in human behaviour even when people were confronted with the identical demands of society. Past experience, especially in connection with pedagogic relations, appears to have an important impact on not only the formation of the self-image but also how people experience and cope with crisis situations. Man is never in the world in isolation but is continuously involved in relationships. This essentiality of relationships affects him as a social being and is intimately a,ssociated with the experiencing and evaluation of the self. Experiences with relationships, especially in childhood, that is pedagogic relationships, are therefore, of cardinal importance in self-image formation. The findings of this research were verified by means of ideographic studies. Prisoners who had perpetrated violent crimes were included in this research on a voluntary basis. In accordance with the findings it was considered necessary to incorporate a standardized questionnaire to measure the state of the self-image of each prisoner. Recommendations were formulated after obtaining insight arising from research findings which focussed on the interdependence of pedagogic relationships, self-image formation and aggression. These recommendations are mainly directed at the supportive therapeutic guidance of the aggressive transgressor in order that he may acquire skills to understand and cope with the crises of life. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Filosofie van die Opvoeding)

Le syndrome reproducteur et respiratoire porcin (SRRP) est une des maladies les plus dévastatrices économiquement pour l'industrie mondiale du porc. L'agent étiologique du SRRP est le virus du SRRP (VSRRP) lequel est connu pour avoir une spécificité d'hôte très restreinte et pour sa transmission par voie aerosol. Les antigènes et les ARN du VSRRP ont été trouvés dans des cellules épithéliales du tractus respiratoire de porcs infectés par le virus. L’interaction entre les macrophages alvéolaires porcins (PAMs) et le VSRRP a été démontrée comme jouant un rôle important dans l’infection causée par le virus. Malgré cela, l’interaction prenant place entre les cellules épithéliales du tractus respiratoire porcin et le virus ne devrait pas être négligée. Jusqu’à présent, la réplication du VSRRP in vitro dans des cellules épithéliales du tractus respiratoire porcin n’a pas été conduite avec succès et les tentatives pour le faire ont échoué. Une nouvelle lignée de cellules épithéliales de poumon de porc (SJPL) est maintenant disponible et sera utilisée dans cette étude afin de déterminer si elle est permissive à la réplication du VSRRP et si elle peut être un modèle approprié pour l’étude de la pathogénèse virale du VSRRP. L’expérimentation a démontré que cette nouvelle lignée cellulaire était permissive à l’infection et à la réplication du VSRRP. Afin de corroborer ces résultats, la cinétique de réplication du virus à été effectuée avec les cellules MARC-145 et SJPL. Aucune différence significative dans la production virale totale n’a été trouvée entre les deux lignées cellulaires. Les cellules SJPL ont permis la réplication de plusieurs souches Nord-Américaines du VSRRP, quoiqu’elles sont légèrement moins efficaces que les cellules MARC-145 pour l’isolement du virus. De plus, les cellules SJPL sont phénotypiquement différentes des cellules MARC-145. Plus précisément, les cellules SJPL sont plus sensibles à l’activation par le VSRRP des pro-caspases 3/7 et plusieurs inducteurs apoptotiques. Elles ont également montré de 8 à 16 fois plus de sensibilité à l’effet antiviral causé par l’IFN-α sur la réplication du virus contrairement aux cellules MARC-145. Ces résultats démontrent que les cellules SJPL pourraient représenter un substitut intéressant aux cellules MARC-145 pour la production d’antigènes pour un vaccin anti-VSRRP. Également, dû à leurs origines (poumon de l’hôte naturel), elles pourraient s’avérer être un modèle in vitro plus approprié pour l’étude de la pathogénèse du VSRRP. / Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically devastating diseases for the pig industry worldwide. The etiological agent of PRRS is the PRRS virus (PRRSV), which is known to have a very restricted host specifity and to be airborne transmitted. PRRSV RNAs and antigens were found in epithelial cells of the respiratory tract of swine in PRRSV-infected pigs. Even if the interaction between porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and PRRSV plays an important role in the PRRSV infection, the role of the interaction between epithelial cells of the swine respiratory tract and PRRSV should not been neglected. However, no epithelial cells of the swine respiratory tract have been demonstrated to allow PRRSV replication in vitro and attempts to generate such a cell line have failed. The goal of this study is to determine whether epithelial cells of the swine respiratory tract are permissive to PRRSV replication and are a suitable model for studying the viral pathogenesis of PRRSV. We have discovered that the SJPL cell line, an epithelial cell line of the respiratory tract of swine, is permissive to PRRSV infection and replication. To corroborate these results, PRRSV replication kinetics were evaluated in a subclone of the African green monkey kidney MA104 cells (MARC-145), which has been known to be fully permissive to PRRSV infection and replication, and in SJPL cells. No significant difference was found between the two cell lines for overall viral production. Moreover, the SJPL cells were able to permit the replication of several PRRSV North-American strains but they were slightly less efficient for virus isolation than MARC-145 cells. In addition, SJPL is phenotypically different from MARC-145. Specifically, the SJPL cells were more sensitive to procaspases 3/7 activation by PRRSV and several apoptotic inducers compared to MARC-145 cells. In addition, the SJPL cells showed 8 to 16 times more sensitivity to the antiviral effect of IFN-α against PRRSV replication than MARC-145 cells. Altogether, the SJPL cells could be an interesting substitute to MARC-145 cells for PRRSV vaccine antigen production, and could be a more relevant in vitro model, because of their origin (lung of the natural host), to study the pathogenesis of PRRSV.

Pour étudier le phénomène paradoxal d’un renforcement de l’autonomie de la volonté parallèlement à une multiplication des impérativités en droit international privé contemporain, le concept de norme permissive apparaît particulièrement pertinent. Il permet de saisir l’ensemble des énoncés normatifs où l’auteur de la norme octroie à un destinataire une faculté de faire ou de ne pas faire, qu’il s’agisse du juge lorsqu’il lui est permis de surseoir à statuer en cas de connexité ou des parties lorsqu’il leur est permis de choisir la loi applicable à un contrat international.L’étude du droit positif montre que les manifestations des normes permissives sont nombreuses, tant dans les conflits de lois que de juridictions et qu’elles obéissent à des logiques distinctes selon qu’elles octroient une faculté au juge ou aux parties. Dans cette seconde hypothèse, en effet, il n’est plus question d’une liberté octroyée par la règle de droit mais d’une liberté concédée dans le choix de la règle de droit. Cette spécificité, conjuguée à la multiplication des normes permissives en droit international privé, a donc justifié que leur efficacité soit éprouvée.Dans cette perspective, le présupposé selon lequel les normes permissives constitueraient une traduction normative adéquate de l’objectif de prévisibilité des solutions, qui sert de justification à leur admission, doit être remis en cause. L’appréciation critique de ce postulat permet de proposer que les normes permissives n’occupent, à l’avenir, qu’un rôle résiduel en droit international privé, soit comme instrument de consensus soit comme palliatif à l’indétermination d’un critère de rattachement suffisamment prévisible. / In order to study the paradoxical phenomenon of the rise of party autonomy in parallel with the multiplication of mandatory norms in contemporary private international law, the concept of permissive rule is particularly apposite. It accounts for all instances where the law-making body grants a beneficiary the possibility to do or not to do something; be it the judge when he is authorized to stay the proceedings in case of related actions, or the parties when they are authorized to choose the law applicable to an international contract.A study of the positive law shows that permissive rules are numerous in both Choice of laws and Jurisdiction and that they operate under distinct logics depending on whether they grant a possibility to a judge or to the parties. In the latter case, the issue at stake is no longer whether a right is granted by the legal rule, but rather whether a right is conceded in the choice of the legal rule. This specificity, together with the proliferation of permissive rules in private international law, warrants that their relevancy be tested.In this context, the assumption that permissive norms would adequately serve the purpose of foreseeability of solutions, which forms the basis for their adoption, must be questioned. This critical assessment leads to the proposal that permissive norms should, in the future, play only a residual role in private international law, either as a way to reach consensus or as a stopgap in the absence of a sufficiently foreseeable connecting factor.