In a time when internet connection is a central part of our everyday lives and wherewe constantly communicate through digital aids, a possible threat has arisen. Surveillance by commercial companies tracks most of what we do on their websites and then stores that data so that, for example, in the future companies can market specific goods that the user has previously looked at. The data collected by a specific supplier is not always saved for that specific company’s use only. The data is also used as a commodity between different online suppliers, the trade itself turns over billions of Swedish kronor every year. The purpose of this study is to examine young adults aged 20-30 (also called digital natives) knowledge, opinions, and thoughts regarding surveillance on the internet for commercial purposes. The study wants to find out what knowledge they say they have, what opinions they have and whether they adapt to the phenomenon by, for example, using VPN services or the like. Previous research in the field has shown that young people do not possess a deep knowledge of the subject and that they rarely adapt to any great extent to the phenomenon. The theoretical framework addresses both the user's and the supplier's perspective. The framework introduces surveillance and integrity from a theoretical perspective, but also addresses the power the supplier has and the financial conditions for the supplier. The results of the study show that, like previous studies in the same field, digital natives do not possess a deep knowledge of the subject and that they rarely adapt. Opinions differ however, where some say they do not care, and some believe that the surveillance has gone too far. In the ensuing discussion, we turn back and forth on the participants' reasoning and try to create a comprehensive picture of why the participants think the way they do.

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We live in an era of advanced technological innovations and it is therefore difficult to acquire a proper overview of the different surveillance techniques deployed for the purpose of enhancing and administrating migration control. The intent of this paper is to disseminate one of the new technologies on the market: the biometric technology that is an identification and verification system based on measurements of biological traits. Different approaches are used to explore and investigate the technological functions, social structures and political justifications for their validity and their role in the implementation of the biometric technology. The paper also provides an overview of the different areas of political and social management that are affected by the implementation of the biometric techniques.The principal aim of this work is to examine how the implementation of the biometric techniques will affect privacy for all people, taking both information privacy and personal integrity into consideration. The second question deals with migration management, as the current implementation mainly involves travel documents. It focuses on the consequences of the so-called war on terror and its call for prevention of terrorism and irregular migration. The dilemma between national security and the right to privacy, public good and private interests, and the realms of state and individual rights are also discussed and analysed.Hence, the framework and the fundamental structure of this thesis are based on three core issues pertinent to the implementation of biometrics in the EU: threats posed on the right to privacy, securitization of migration, and intensification of surveillance and state control. The findings are used to identify the threats posed on right to privacy and the way this right is compromised, and the consequences of practices and policies in the field of migration that are discriminatory and exclusory. Lastly, by employing different theories, this paper examines why state seeks technological control over citizens and why individuals comply with state control and surveillance.

Personlig integritet är av stor vikt för en sund utveckling av en individs identitet, psykiska hälsa och välbefinnande och påverkas av omgivningen. Personlig integritet är därför en viktig parameter i en psykologs terapeutiska arbete. Syftet med föreliggande kvalitativa studie var att undersöka hur psykologstuderande ser på personlig integritet i dagens individcentrerade samhälle med internet och sociala medier. Sju psykologstuderande på Stockholms universitet intervjuades. Resultatet av en tematisk analys visade att deltagarna ansåg att den personliga integriteten betyder olika mycket för olika individer, men uppfattas påverkas negativt. Möjligheten att behålla en hög integritet upplevs bli allt svårare. Internet tenderar också att påverka identitetsskapandet, särskilt hos unga. Kunskap och dialog framstår som vägen till ett sundare användande av internet. Framtidens psykologer kommer sannolikt att påverkas i sin yrkesutövning av den sänkta integriteten. Studien indikerar flera viktiga framtida forskningsområden och lyfter behovet av att belysa problematiken på psykologutbildningen. / Personal integrity is of great importance for the healthy development of an individual's identity, mental health and well-being and is influenced by the environment. Personal integrity is therefore an important parameter in a psychologist's therapeutic work. The purpose of the present qualitative study was to investigate how psychological students look at personal integrity in today's individual-centered society with internet and social media. Seven psychologist students at Stockholm University were interviewed. The result of a thematic analysis showed that the participants considered that the personal integrity means different things to different individuals, but is perceived to be adversely affected. The ability to maintain high integrity is perceived to be increasingly difficult. The Internet also tends to affect identity creation, especially among young people. Knowledge and dialogue are the way to a healthier use of the internet. The psychologists of the future are likely to be affected by their reduced integrity in their professional practice. The study indicates several important future research areas and highlights the need to highlight the problems during psychology education

<p>In the best of worlds, all marketing is relevant.</p><p>This study brings light to and creates understanding for how to capture the opportunities for target marketing, given by resent technical development and improvement.</p><p>Customers often perceive marketing on the internet as annoying, embarrassing, repetitive and sometimes even noisy. Companies have problems to focus their marketing efforts towards the areas which give most value for the marketing investments. The conflict between companies pushing the marketing messages to their customers, who are trying to avoid them, a growing mistrust is feed.</p><p>Well established businesses are challenged by new companies cutting in between the content providers and their customers. A new business model using the <em>Long Tail</em> phenomena is shaking the old media houses’ business position.</p><p>Smartphones and netbooks are merging into mobile devices, which release a number of opportunities for target marketing. This study states that mobile devices are personalized and as a consequence, open for the possibility of target marketing towards individuals. However, there are identified obstacles to overcome. One challenge lies in the balance between marketing benefits and preventing violation of the customers’ personal integrity.</p><p>From literature and case studies, light is brought to the state of practice of rules and regulations, old media houses <em>Schibsted</em> and <em>Aftonbladet</em>, search engine provider as <em>Google</em> and a marketing agency, <em>Mobiento Mobile Marketing</em>. </p><p>Trends and best practices stick out as more important in order for a company to become a successful target marketing actor. A “<em>target marketing house concept</em>” points out four significant areas for companies to benefit from the power of target marketing in mobile devices.</p><p>Trough out of this study, protection of the personal integrity and personal data has been pointed out as a key factor for a mutual and trustful customer relationship. This is considered to be as a precondition, both for behaviour segmentation and for a joint rewarding customer dialogue.</p>

Sammanfattning Skyddet för arbetstagarens personliga integritet är ett aktuellt ämne där teknikutvecklingen ger arbetsgivaren ökade möjligheter att kontrollera arbetstagaren. Därmed äventyras skyddet för arbetstagarens personliga integritet. Det finns i dagsläget inte någon direkt specialanpassad lagstiftning till skydd för den personliga integriteten i arbetslivet och svensk lagstiftning saknar en enhetlig definition på begreppet personlig integritet. Det är oklart vilka möjligheter arbetsgivaren har att vidta kontrollåtgärder av arbetstagarens Internet- och epostanvändning samt vilket skydd arbetstagaren har för sin personliga integritet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att reda ut vilket rättsligt skydd arbetstagaren på den svenska arbetsmarknaden har för sin personliga integritet, vilka möjligheter arbetsgivaren har att vidta kontrollåtgärder av arbetstagarens Internet- och e-postanvändning, samt vad begreppet god sed på arbetsmarknaden i detta fall innebär. För att uppnå syftet används en rättsdogmatisk metod, som innebär att aktuella rättskällor det vill säga lagtext, förarbeten, praxis från Arbetsdomstolen och doktrin kommer att studeras. Arbetsgivaren ges möjlighet att vidta integritetskänsliga åtgärder såsom kontroll av arbetstagarens Internet- och e-postanvändning med stöd av den allmänna arbetsledningsrätten, avtal, kollektivavtal eller lagstiftning. Dock begränsas möjligheterna till att åtgärden inte får stå i strid med god sed på arbetsmarknaden. För att avgöra vad nämnda begränsning innebär gör Arbetsdomstolen en intresseavvägning. Arbetstagarens intresse av skydd för sin personliga integritet jämförs med arbetsgivarens intresse av kontroll av arbetstagarens Internet- och e-postanvändning. Dessutom måste det finnas en rimlig proportion mellan mål och medel för kontrollåtgärden, alltså måste intrånget i arbetstagarens privatliv som åtgärden vållar stå i rimlig proportion till arbetsgivarens syfte med kontrollen. Avslutningsvis kan sägas att vilka kontrollåtgärder arbetsgivaren får vidta och vilket skydd arbetstagaren har för sin personliga integritet är en fråga som får avgöras efter bedömning av det enskilda fallet. / Abstract The protection for the employee’s personal integrity is a current subject where the technology development gives the employer increased possibilities to check upon the employee. Thereby the protection for the employee’s personal integrity is jeopardized. At present there is no special legislation of protection for the personal working life integrity and the Swedish legislation lacks a uniform definition of the concept personal integrity. It is unclear which possibilities the employer has to take control measures of the employee’s Internet- and e-mail use and which protection the employee has for its personal integrity. The purpose with the essay is to find out which legal protections the employee on the Swedish labour market has for its personal integrity, which possibilities the employer has to take control measures of the employee’s Internet- and e-mail use, and what the concept of good labour market practice means. In order to achieve the purpose a law dogmatic method is used, which means that current sources of law i.e. law text, preparation of law text, good practice from labour court and doctrine will be studied. The employer is given the possibility to take integrity sensitive actions, like control of the employee’s Internet- and e-mail use by virtue of the right to direct work, agreement, collective agreement or legislation. However, the possibilities are limited as the action must not go against good labour market practice. In order to decide what stands against good labour market practice the labour court does a weighing of interest. The employee’s interests of protection for its personal integrity are compared with the employer’s interests of control of the employee’s Internet- and e-mail use. Moreover, there must be a reasonable proportion between the objective and means for the control measure, therefore the trespass in the employee’s private life that the measure causes must stand in reasonable proportion to the employer’s aim with the control. In conclusion can be said that which control measures the employer can take and which protection the employee has for its personal integrity is a question that must be decided after assessment of every individual case.

In the best of worlds, all marketing is relevant. This study brings light to and creates understanding for how to capture the opportunities for target marketing, given by resent technical development and improvement. Customers often perceive marketing on the internet as annoying, embarrassing, repetitive and sometimes even noisy. Companies have problems to focus their marketing efforts towards the areas which give most value for the marketing investments. The conflict between companies pushing the marketing messages to their customers, who are trying to avoid them, a growing mistrust is feed. Well established businesses are challenged by new companies cutting in between the content providers and their customers. A new business model using the Long Tail phenomena is shaking the old media houses’ business position. Smartphones and netbooks are merging into mobile devices, which release a number of opportunities for target marketing. This study states that mobile devices are personalized and as a consequence, open for the possibility of target marketing towards individuals. However, there are identified obstacles to overcome. One challenge lies in the balance between marketing benefits and preventing violation of the customers’ personal integrity. From literature and case studies, light is brought to the state of practice of rules and regulations, old media houses Schibsted and Aftonbladet, search engine provider as Google and a marketing agency, Mobiento Mobile Marketing.  Trends and best practices stick out as more important in order for a company to become a successful target marketing actor. A “target marketing house concept” points out four significant areas for companies to benefit from the power of target marketing in mobile devices. Trough out of this study, protection of the personal integrity and personal data has been pointed out as a key factor for a mutual and trustful customer relationship. This is considered to be as a precondition, both for behaviour segmentation and for a joint rewarding customer dialogue.

<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Skyddet för arbetstagarens personliga integritet är ett aktuellt ämne där teknikutvecklingen</p><p>ger arbetsgivaren ökade möjligheter att kontrollera arbetstagaren. Därmed äventyras skyddet</p><p>för arbetstagarens personliga integritet. Det finns i dagsläget inte någon direkt</p><p>specialanpassad lagstiftning till skydd för den personliga integriteten i arbetslivet och svensk</p><p>lagstiftning saknar en enhetlig definition på begreppet personlig integritet. Det är oklart vilka</p><p>möjligheter arbetsgivaren har att vidta kontrollåtgärder av arbetstagarens Internet- och epostanvändning</p><p>samt vilket skydd arbetstagaren har för sin personliga integritet.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att reda ut vilket rättsligt skydd arbetstagaren på den svenska</p><p>arbetsmarknaden har för sin personliga integritet, vilka möjligheter arbetsgivaren har att vidta</p><p>kontrollåtgärder av arbetstagarens Internet- och e-postanvändning, samt vad begreppet god</p><p>sed på arbetsmarknaden i detta fall innebär. För att uppnå syftet används en rättsdogmatisk</p><p>metod, som innebär att aktuella rättskällor det vill säga lagtext, förarbeten, praxis från</p><p>Arbetsdomstolen och doktrin kommer att studeras.</p><p>Arbetsgivaren ges möjlighet att vidta integritetskänsliga åtgärder såsom kontroll av</p><p>arbetstagarens Internet- och e-postanvändning med stöd av den allmänna arbetsledningsrätten,</p><p>avtal, kollektivavtal eller lagstiftning. Dock begränsas möjligheterna till att åtgärden inte får</p><p>stå i strid med god sed på arbetsmarknaden. För att avgöra vad nämnda begränsning innebär</p><p>gör Arbetsdomstolen en intresseavvägning. Arbetstagarens intresse av skydd för sin</p><p>personliga integritet jämförs med arbetsgivarens intresse av kontroll av arbetstagarens</p><p>Internet- och e-postanvändning. Dessutom måste det finnas en rimlig proportion mellan mål</p><p>och medel för kontrollåtgärden, alltså måste intrånget i arbetstagarens privatliv som åtgärden</p><p>vållar stå i rimlig proportion till arbetsgivarens syfte med kontrollen.</p><p>Avslutningsvis kan sägas att vilka kontrollåtgärder arbetsgivaren får vidta och vilket skydd</p><p>arbetstagaren har för sin personliga integritet är en fråga som får avgöras efter bedömning av</p><p>det enskilda fallet.</p> / <p>Abstract</p><p>The protection for the employee’s personal integrity is a current subject where the technology</p><p>development gives the employer increased possibilities to check upon the employee. Thereby</p><p>the protection for the employee’s personal integrity is jeopardized. At present there is no</p><p>special legislation of protection for the personal working life integrity and the Swedish</p><p>legislation lacks a uniform definition of the concept personal integrity. It is unclear which</p><p>possibilities the employer has to take control measures of the employee’s Internet- and e-mail</p><p>use and which protection the employee has for its personal integrity.</p><p>The purpose with the essay is to find out which legal protections the employee on the Swedish</p><p>labour market has for its personal integrity, which possibilities the employer has to take</p><p>control measures of the employee’s Internet- and e-mail use, and what the concept of good</p><p>labour market practice means.</p><p>In order to achieve the purpose a law dogmatic method is used, which means that current</p><p>sources of law i.e. law text, preparation of law text, good practice from labour court and</p><p>doctrine will be studied.</p><p>The employer is given the possibility to take integrity sensitive actions, like control of the</p><p>employee’s Internet- and e-mail use by virtue of the right to direct work, agreement,</p><p>collective agreement or legislation. However, the possibilities are limited as the action must</p><p>not go against good labour market practice. In order to decide what stands against good labour</p><p>market practice the labour court does a weighing of interest. The employee’s interests of</p><p>protection for its personal integrity are compared with the employer’s interests of control of</p><p>the employee’s Internet- and e-mail use. Moreover, there must be a reasonable proportion</p><p>between the objective and means for the control measure, therefore the trespass in the</p><p>employee’s private life that the measure causes must stand in reasonable proportion to the</p><p>employer’s aim with the control.</p><p>In conclusion can be said that which control measures the employer can take and which</p><p>protection the employee has for its personal integrity is a question that must be decided after</p><p>assessment of every individual case.</p>

This dissertation deals with the issue of Supervisory boards in Czech state-owned enterprises. At first it defines a clear set of terms to differentiate within appropriate legal forms of state entrepreneurship applicable in Czech Republic. Thereafter it offers the analysis of implementing the nomination process recently brought to our governmental system. The empirical part of this thesis is constituted by the qualitative research of personal policy of the state in four selected stated-owned enterprises carried out for the period from 2006 till 2015. Education, working experience, political membership and personal integrity were the main focus areas while researching the members of selected supervisory boards.

For many years, camera surveillance has been used for crime prevention purposes in public places, but also in vulnerable areas. However, the use of camera surveillance has in many cases been complicated in connection with, among other things; privacy, exercise of power and segregation. This is a study on camera surveillance in vulnerable areas with a demarcation point to the city of Uppsala and Västerås. The purpose of this study is to see how the inhabitants of the vulnerable areas, actually experience camera surveillance in vulnerable areas. The study also aims to see what intentions are behind camera surveillance in the vulnerable areas of Uppsala and Västerås. The choice of method is based on a qualitative study in the form of semi-structured interviews with a total of ten respondents, eight of whom are residents from vulnerable areas in Uppsala and Västerås and two of the respondents are municipal employees from Uppsala and Västerås municipality. The two respondents with municipal employment have different years of experience in surveillance, security and crime prevention. The data analysis has been in the form of both an inductive and deductive analysis where different themes have been used to clarify the results. The selection of the different themes has been based on both the theoretical framework and the collected data. It turned out that for the research question; “How is camera surveillance in vulnerable areas perceived by residents from vulnerable areas in Uppsala and Västerås?” there were varied responses in certain occasions, for different categories. Some of the respondents saw the good of camera surveillance, while others saw it as an offensive and sometimes unnecessary measure. For the supplementary side-to-side question; “What are the intentions behind camera surveillance in vulnerable areas in Uppsala and Västerås?" the two municipal respondents had similar answers; camera surveillance aimed to reduce crime, especially drug sales, which both respondents mentioned. / Kameraövervakning har i många år använts i brottsförebyggande syfte på allmänna platser, men även i utsatta områden. Dock har användningen av kameraövervakningen i många fall varit komplicerad i samband med bland annat den personliga integriteten, maktutövning och segregation. Därmed handlar föreliggande studie om kameraövervakningen i utsatta områden med avgränsning till Uppsala och Västerås stad. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att se hur invånarna i de utsatta områdena, faktiskt upplever kameraövervakningen i utsatta områden. Studien syftar även till att se vilka intentioner som ligger bakom kameraövervakningen i de utsatta områdena i Uppsala och Västerås. Valet av metod grundar sig på en kvalitativ studie i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt tio respondenter, varav åtta är invånare från utsatta områden i Uppsala och Västerås och två av respondenterna är kommunanställda från Uppsala- och Västerås kommun. De två respondenterna med kommunanställning har olika års erfarenhet kring just övervakning, säkerhet och det brottsförebyggande arbetet. Dataanalysen har varit i form av både en induktiv samt deduktiv analys där olika teman har använts för att tydliggöra resultatet. Urvalet för de olika teman har grundat sig på dels det teoretiska ramverket och dels det insamlade datamaterialet. Det visade sig att för forskningsfrågan; ”Hur upplevs kameraövervakningen i utsatta områden av invånare från Uppsala- och Västerås utsatta områden?”  varierade svaren i vissa tillfällen, för olika kategorier. Vissa av respondenterna såg det goda med kameraövervakningen, medan andra såg det som en kränkande och ibland onödig åtgärd. För den kompletterande bifrågan; ”Vad är intentionerna bakom kameraövervakningen i utsatta områden i Uppsala och Västerås?” gav de två kommunanställda respondenterna liknande svar; kameraövervakningen syftade till att minska på brottsligheten, framförallt narkotikaförsäljning, som båda respondenterna tog upp.