Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BERENICE VICTOR CARNEIRO.pdf: 3590625 bytes, checksum: c12256d2735ce90af0df41e15e96a213 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-15 / The aim of this study was to analyze psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Observer Alexithymia Scale (OAS) by estimating its internal consistency, test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability; construct validity through factorial analysis, criteria validity and convergent validity in a clinical population with substance dependence or abuse. The OAS is a brief observer report designed to be used by clinicians as well as patient s relatives and acquaintances, to identify Alexithymia according to 5 dimensions: distant, uninsightful, somatizing, humorless, and rigid. It is composed of 33 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (never, not at all like the person) to 3 (all of the time, completely like the person). Data were gathered at an outpatient public service for substance dependence and a non-profit religious inpatient institution also for substance dependence. The sample was comprised of three groups: G1 - 200 relatives or acquaintances of substance dependence and abusers (alcohol=46.5%; drugs=53.5 %), aged from 18 to 82 (M = 48, SD = 12), both sexes (F=88%; M=12%); G2 39 outpatients at the public service for substance dependence or abuse (alcohol=66,6%; drugs=33,3%), both sexes (F=15.3%; M=84.6%); G3 9 clinicians at the public service (clinical experience ranging from 1-15 years). Reliability studies suggested good internal consistency and temporal stability of the scale for both G1 (alpha = .83; rs = .79) and G3 (alpha= .85; rs= .80), but low inter-rater reliability when scored by relatives and clinicians (rs = .14). The OAS s exploratory factor analysis suggested a structure of 5 dimensions (48% total variance) as the original one, and 30 items with a minimum factor loadings of .40. When the degree of alexithymia was estimated as a criteria, the study indicated that relatives do not view those with substance dependence differently (p = 0.16) according to type of dependence (alcohol or drugs). For the convergent study, G2 participants completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the scores were compared against OAS-30, according to G1 and G3. Results suggested a negligible association (rs = .29; p >0.05) between TAS-22 and OAS, according to G1 and a lack of association (rs = -.18; p >0.20) between TAS-22 and OAS-30 scored by G3, suggesting that both scales would be measuring different constructs. The Portuguese version of the OAS-30 demonstrated good internal consistency and temporal stability. Its structure seems to be compatible to the original one, but a few items need revision, especially on factor 4. Some considerations will be made regarding the educational level of respondents, as well as the degree of acquaintance with the person who is substance dependent. / O estudo analisou propriedades psicom?tricas da vers?o brasileira da Observer Alexithymia Scale (OAS). Foram estimadas, a consist?ncia interna, precis?o por testereteste e precis?o entre avaliadores; validade de construto por meio de an?lise da estrutura fatorial, validade de crit?rio e validade convergente, em popula??o cl?nica por abuso ou depend?ncia de sust?ncias psicoativas. A OAS ? uma escala breve para uso do profissional cl?nico assim como pessoas que conhecem bem o paciente, para diagnosticar alexitimia segundo cinco dimens?es: distanciamento, sem insight, somatiza??o, sem gra?a e rigidez. ? composta de 33 itens que devem ser respondidos atrav?s de uma escala Likert de 4 pontos, sendo o grau de intensidade indicado pela escolha entre 0 (nunca, em nada parecido) e 3 (todo o tempo, totalmente parecido). Os dados foram coletados em servi?o p?blico ambulatorial para dependentes de subst?ncia e uma institui??o sem fins lucrativos, com v?nculo religioso, para o tratamento residencial da depend?ncia de subst?ncia. A amostra foi composta de tr?s grupos: G1 200 familiares ou amigos (F=88%; M=12%) de dependentes ou que abusam de subst?ncia (?lcool=46,5% e drogas=53,5%); G2 39 dependentes de subst?ncia (?lcool=66,6%; drogas=33,3%), ambos os sexos (F=15,3%; M=84,6%) em tratamento no servi?o ambulatorial e G3 nove terapeutas do servi?o ambulatorial com experi?ncia cl?nica entre 1 e 15 anos. Os estudos de consist?ncia interna e precis?o indicaram que a OAS possui boa consist?ncia interna, tanto entre os participantes do G1 (alfa = 0,83) quanto do G3 (alfa = 0,85) e boa estabilidade temporal (rs = 0,79; rs = 0,80), mas baixa precis?o entre avaliadores quando avaliada por familiares e profissionais (rs = 0,14). A an?lise fatorial explorat?ria indicou uma estrutura com 5 dimens?es (vari?ncia total = 48%) e 30 itens com cargas fatoriais m?nimas de 0,40, reproduzindo a estrutura da escala original. Na validade de crit?rio, o grau de alexitimia foi estudado em fun??o do tipo de depend?ncia (?lcool ou drogas qu?micas), tomado como medida de crit?rio. N?o se observou rela??o entre o tipo de depend?ncia e alexitimia avaliada pela OAS-30 (p = 0,16). Para o estudo de validade convergente, os participantes do G2 completaram a Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto (TAS-22). Os resultados sugerem muito baixa associa??o entre os escores da TAS-22 e a OAS-30 avaliada pelo G1 (rs = 0,29; p >0,05) e entre a TAS-22 e a OAS-30, completada pelo G3 (rs = -0,18; p >0,20), indicando que as escalas estariam medindo diferentes construtos. Os resultados apontam que a OAS-30 det?m boa precis?o e que a estrutura fatorial ? compat?vel com a vers?o original. No entanto, h? necessidade de revis?o de alguns itens, especialmente no Fator 4. Considera??es a respeito da influ?ncia do n?vel de escolaridade do respondente, assim como o n?vel de familiaridade do respondente com o dependente de subst?ncia psicoativa s?o realizadas.

This study investigated the utility of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) for diagnosing and discriminating between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) with university counseling center clients. Participants were 1541 male and female students who received services at a student counseling center at a large university. Participants were classified as MDD, GAD, or Other Diagnosis (OD) based on the diagnosis determined by the treating clinician, and PAI profiles were compared between the three groups. The PAI Structural Summary-Revised contains Diagnostic Consider Clusters (DCC) that were designed to identify PAI scales/subscales that are typically elevated or suppressed when a particular disorder is present. The DCC’s for MDD and GAD were examined and the results demonstrated that the criteria for the DCC for MDD were met by 2.2% of the MDD group, and the criteria for the DCC for GAD were met by 3.8% of the GAD group. A discussion of these findings is offered, and the appropriateness of using the DCC’s for the purpose of diagnosis with any population is questioned. Additionally, DCC’s for MDD and GAD for use with university counseling center clients are proposed. Finally, discriminant analysis (DA) was employed to develop various discriminant functions that can be used to classify individual PAI profile data into specific diagnostic groups. In particular, one discriminant function was created that is capable of examining any PAI profile, and classifying it as either MDD or OD. A second discriminant function was produced that can analyze any PAI profile and categorize it as either GAD or OD. The final discriminant function was developed to evaluate a PAI profile that represents either MDD or GAD and determine which diagnosis is appropriate. Each discriminant function was shown to accurately predict the associated diagnoses. A discussion of the various predictor variables is offered. Taken together, these results support the use of the PAI for diagnosing and discriminating between MDD and GAD with university counseling center clients.

Utilizzando il disegno single-case si indaga il processo terapeutico di una psicoterapia ad orientamento psicodinamico con sedute a cadenza settimanale della durata di un anno di un paziente con Depressione Anaclitica (secondo la definizione di Blatt, 2003); il processo ed i fattori che concorrono a determinarlo sono indagati nel conte-sto della valutazione della personalità del paziente. L’obiettivo consiste nel mostrare come sia possibile ottenere, utilizzando strumenti come la DMRS, la SWAP, la CALPAS, il CT-Q, il PRQ ed il CCRT, una valutazione che non si limiti solo al cambiamento sintomatico, in questo caso depressivo, ma fornisca un’idea più sfaccettata delle trasformazioni intrapsichiche ed interpersonali correlate al processo terapeutico, integrando la valutazione macroanalitica del cambiamento, ricavata dalle variazioni degli indici globali degli strumenti, alla valutazione microanalitica delle variabili. / The therapeutic process of a psychodynamic psychotherapy is evaluated through a single-case design. The patient, a 26-year-old man with Anaclitic Depression (as defined by Blatt, 2003) was followed on a weekly based therapy for one year. The factors that contribute to determine the therapeutic process are investigated in the context of the patient's personality assessment. The objective is to show how it is possible to obtain, using tools such as the DMRS, the SWAP, the CALPAS, the CT-Q, the PRQ and the CCRT, an assessment that is not limited only to the symptomatic change, in this case depressive, but provides a more multifaceted view of the intrapsychic and interpersonal transformations related to the therapeutic process, incorporating the macroanalytic evaluation of changement, derived from the global scores of the instruments, to the micro-analytic evaluation of the variables.

Att medarbetare är av existentiell betydelse för en organisations överlevnad är sedan länge känt. Därmed är rekrytering en av de viktigaste funktionerna inom HR för att attrahera rätt kompetens till organisationen då en misslyckad rekrytering vanligen leder till bortkastad tid och dyra rekryteringsprocesser. Något som kommit att få allt större betydelse vid urvalet och bedömningen av nya medarbetare är kandidaters personlighet. Forskning visar att personlighetsdrag spelar en stor roll när det kommer till framtida arbetsprestationer och förmågan att göra rätt bedömningar av människor är därför central. Teorier om synen på personlighet, kompetens, kompetensbaserad rekrytering och urval samt bedömningsmetoder och personlighetsbedömning används för att analysera studiens resultat. Denna kvalitativa studies övergripande syfte var att öka förståelsen för hur rekryterare bedömer en kandidats personlighet vid en rekryteringsprocess inom bemanningsföretag. Bemanningsföretag är företag som ständigt arbetar med rekrytering och uthyrning av personal, varför ett proaktivt bemanningsarbete krävs för att skapa en konkurrensfördel på marknaden. Inför denna fallstudie kontaktades tre av den svenska bemanningsbranschens största aktörer varav två rekryterare på vardera företag deltog i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Personlighet ansågs generellt som något viktigt som samtliga rekryterare lade stor vikt vid under hela processens gång, från utformandet av kravprofilen till avslutande bedömning. Bedömningen skedde genom såväl test som intervju och referenstagning. Samtliga poängterade vikten av att alltid göra en helhetsbedömning av kandidaten och att det därmed var svårt att vikta exempelvis formella kompetenser mot personliga egenskaper. Resultatet visar att bemanningsbranschens arbete med personlighetsbedömning vid rekrytering utgår ifrån strukturerade bedömningsmetoder. Deras gedigna och proaktiva arbete med rekrytering lever upp till påståendet om att personalen är en organisations viktigaste resurs och vikten av att förstå innebörden av personlighetens betydelse i uttrycket ”rätt person på rätt plats”. / It's been long known that employees are of existential importance to an organization's survival. Thus, recruitment is one of the most important functions within HR to attract the right competence to the organization, as a failed recruitment usually leads to wasted time and expensive recruitment processes. Something that has come to play a growing role in the selection and evaluation of new employees is a candidate's personality. Research shows that personality traits play a big role when it comes to future job performance, and ability to make the right judgements of people are therefore essential. Theories about the perception of personality, competence, competency-based recruitment and selection, assessment methods and personality assessment are reviewed and used to analyze the results of this study. The aim of this qualitative study was to increase understanding of how recruiters assess a candidate's personality in a recruitment process within temporary work agencies. Temporary work agencies are companies which constantly works with recruitment and hiring of personnel, which is why a proactive work with staffing is needed to create a competitive advantage in the market. Prior to this case study three of the largest swedish temporary work agencies were contacted of whom two recruiters on each company participated in semi-structured interviews. Personality was generally considered as something important which all recruiters added great significance during the whole process, from the design of the requirements specification to the final assessment. Both tests, interview and references were a part of the personality assessment. The importance of always making an overall assessment of the candidate was emphasized and therefore difficult to weigh for example formal competences versus personal characteristics. The result shows that the temporary work agencies work with personality assessment when recruiting are based on structured methods of assessment. Their solid and proactive work with recruitment live up to the claim that the staff is an organization's most important resource and the importance of understanding the meaning of the personality significance of the expression ”right person in the right place”.

A sample (N = 428) of university students was introduced to a stranger that fit the public persona of either John Wayne Gacy or Ted Bundy in a vignette. The meetings between students and strangers in vignettes were similar to those in which serial killers might entrap victims. In addition to varying criminal type (Gacy or Bundy), the race and gender of the strangers were also varied in the 2 x 2 x 2 experiment. Differences among subjects in their ratings of personality traits of the strangers and how subjects expected to behave toward these persons were examined by ANOVA. Focus group discussions provided further insights about how individuals size up and react to "respectable" strangers who fit the public personas of well-known serial killers. Results suggested that young adults in the 1990s are highly vulnerable to victimization by serial murderers. / Department of Sociology

Thesis (D. Min.)--Erskine Theological Seminary, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-200).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-247).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-115).

A Venda version of the South African Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire Fifth edition(16PF5) was develop using forward and back translation methods. This version was administered to a sample of 85 Venda speaking subjects. Subjects ranged in age from 18 to 30 years old. Item analysis was done and a qualitative analysis of the reasons why items were not successful was done for each scale. Reasons identified included translation errors, problems in understanding the vocabulary and idiomatic language used, the use of the negative form and possible differences in the manifestation of constructs. Given the large number of items to be excluded, only general trends were indicated as to avoid over interpretation. These trends need to be considered when changing or replacing items. The results of this study can be regarded as a first step in developing a Venda version of the 16PF5. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

This study evaluates whether it is viable to implement non-standardised thematic projection media when dealing with the young adolescent. The selection was based on the results of a pilot study involving fifty young adolescents. The young adolescents chose cards that reflected salient issues in their lives. The sample responded positively and spontaneously to the non-standardised thematic projection media implemented. A review of the results revealed that non-standardised thematic projection media can be used effectively in diagnosis and therapy and thus has viability when used with the young adolescent. The clients chose cards that appealed to their frames of reference. The use of non-standardised thematic projection media enhances the counselling relationship. It increases the understanding of the client and aids the therapist in clarifying therapeutic goals. It allows the therapist to act as an emotional container. By including guidelines for the selection and interpretation of non-standardised thematic projection media the researcher wishes to make a contribution in the repertoire of the educational psychologist when dealing with the young adolescent. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)