Cette thèse a pour objet de confronter la psychanalyse, et particulièrement celle de Jacques Lacan, aux théories queer étatsuniennes. Il s'avère que les théoriciens queer ont un rapport ambivalent à la psychanalyse. Chez nombre d'auteurs, la psychanalyse s'avère une ressource essentielle pour déconstruire le genre, penser les homosexualités, le transgenderisme et les pratiques sexuelles. Pour cela, ils s'éloignent de la psychanalyse américaine (egopsychology) pour retrouver certains aspects subversifs de l'œuvre freudienne. D'un autre côté, certains aspects particulièrement novateurs de la lecture lacanienne de Freud sont ignorés. C'est le cas en particulier de la théorisation par Lacan des sexuations masculines et féminines. Les théoriciens queer se rangent sans le savoir du côté masculin de la sexuation, ignorant la spécificité de la jouissance féminine. Il s'avère que la lecture de la psychanalyse par nombre de théoriciens queer a une dimension utopique forte, visant à une refonte politique de la société. C'est plus généralement la dimension du réel au sens lacanien qui est méconnue et ignorée, et par là la façon singulière dont la sexualité affecte le corps d'un sujet. / This thesis aims to confront psychoanalysis and U.S queer theories. Queer theorists are ambivalent towards psychoanalysis. For many authors, psychoanalysis is very useful to deconstruct gender, think about homosexualities, transgenderism and various sexual practices. They criticize egopsychology and uncover Freud’s work subversive aspects. Besides, some Lacanian aspects of the reading of Freud which are particularly innovative are unknown, such as Lacan’s theorization of masculine and feminine sexuations. Queer theorists are siding with masculine sexuation, ignoring feminine jouissance. It is obvious that queer theorists' reading has a strong utopian dimension, aiming for a political revolution of the society. More generally, it is the dimension of the real in the Lacanian sense which is unknown and ignored, and, because of that, the singular way in which the subject's body is affected by sexuality.

Ce travail porte sur d’une part l’interrogation sur l’existence de la perversion féminine, rarissime voire inexistante d’après les écrits fondamentaux de la psychanalyse, et de l’autre part sur l’exploration de la dynamique propre au montage pervers au féminin. Si la femme qui se situe du côté de l’amour a amené Lacan a énoncé la maxime célèbre, celle de la femme n’existe pas, puisqu’elle n’est « pas toute » et que la femme ne s’écrit que barrée, la femme perverse se révèlera être l’envers de la femme. De ce fait, la femme perverse prône l’existence de la femme et sa possible écriture. Le montage pervers de la femme perverse bafoue la loi de la différence des sexes en aboutissant à une falsification outrancière des formules de la sexuation. Ainsi, il s’agit d’une perversion féminine comme imposture. En effet, l’imposture perverse de la femme perverse se déploie à travers l’identité factice que la femme perverse se fabrique afin de contrer l’autre femme, celle qui n’existe pas. D’emblée, la prévalence imaginaire chez la femme perverse est le mécanisme qui permet à la perverse d’avoir la foi dans la possession d’un phallus, d’une part largement supérieur à celui de l’homme, puisqu’il n’est pas borné par la détumescence et d’autre part, la relevant au rang de l’exception, puisqu’elle est la seule femme à le détenir. La mise en scène perverse, dont l’ancrage est imaginaire, opère dans les filets signifiant du symbolique. En effet, le symbolique, scène de la loi de la différence des sexes, se trouve bafoué et souillé. Ainsi, c’est ce savoir autre, sorte de « sur-savoir », prôné par la femme perverse qui divise l’autre, -témoin sidéré-, et perdure son illusion, sa foi, dans l’avoir du phallus. Toutefois, derrière cette armure d’invincible se révèle une angoisse à la teinte mélancolique, connectée à l’insignifiance du sexe féminin. Ainsi, c’est ce non-lieu de la femme auquel la femme perverse par imposture et simulacre s’invente un lieu, qui constitue l’angoisse de laquelle la femme perverse se prémunit. / This work concerns on one hand the interrogation on the existence of the even non-existent feminine, extremely rare perversion according to the fundamental papers of the psychoanalysis, and somewhere else on the exploration of the dynamics appropriate(peculiar) to the perverse assembly(editing) in the feminine. If the woman who is situated near(on the side of) love brought Lacan expressed the famous maxim, that of the woman do not exist, because she " is not quite " and because the woman spells only blocked, the perverse woman will turn out to be to the woman(wife). Therefore, the perverse woman advocates the existence of the woman and her possible writing. The perverse assembly(editing) of the perverse woman scoffs at the law of the difference of the sexes by ending in an exaggerated forgery of the formulae of her(it) So, it is about a perversion feminine as imposture. Indeed, the perverse imposture of the perverse woman spreads (displays,deploys) through the artificial identity that the perverse woman makes to counter the other woman, the one who does not exist. Straightaway, imaginary prevalence at the perverse woman is the mechanism which allows the pervert to have the faith in the ownership of a phallus, on one hand widely upper to that of the man, because he (it) is not limited by the détumescence and on the other hand, raising(finding) it to the rank of the exception, because she is the only woman to hold(detain) him(it). The perverse direction (fabrication), the anchoring of which is imaginary, operates in nets meaning of symbolism. Indeed, symbolism, scene (stage) of the law of the difference of the sexes, is scoffed and soiled. So, it is So, it is this other knowledge, kind of " to know ", lauded by the perverse woman who divides the other one, - the bewildered witness(baton), and continues its illusion, its faith, in the credit note of the phallus. However, behind this armor of invincible shows itself an anxiety in the melancholic tint, connected to the insignificance of the female genital organ. So, it is this dismissal of the charges of the woman in which the perverse woman by imposture and enactment invents a place, which establishes (constitutes) the anxiety of which the perverse woman protects himself.

Ce travail de recherche a comme objectif la révision de la logique de la sexuation dans la clinique psychanalytique contemporaine. La thèse freudienne du « primat de phallus », reprise par Lacan d’abord dans sa logique sexuée « être ou avoir », gardera toute son importance dans son tableau de la sexuation, présentée dans le séminaire Encore. Ce tableau de la sexuation, référé au phallus comme au seul et unique signifiant de la différence des sexes, nous laisse “déboussolé” dans la recherche des particularités des modes contemporains d’être sexué. Par contre, nous affirmons que la thèse de Lacan selon laquelle « l’être sexué ne s’autorise que de lui-même […] et quelques autres » trouve toute sa pertinence quant au devenir sexué du sujet contemporain et se met au premier plan dans le tout dernier enseignement de Lacan à travers son étude du parlêtre en terme de nouage et de suppléance. Nous avons ciblé la clinique du pousse-à-la-femme et des femmes-transsexuelles afin de montrer, que la psychanalyse, orientée par le dernier enseignement de Lacan, permet de reconsidérer ces deux cliniques de troubles d’identité sexuelle comme des modes de s’autoriser en tant que sexués. A travers nos cas cliniques, nous prétendons avoir démontré que pour ces sujets, faute de se servir du signifiant phallique « pour tous », il s’agit néanmoins de tentatives pour trouver leur manière sinthomatique de rejoindre dans leur quête identitaire le discours sexuel commun qui soutient pour l’instant la binarité des sexes. / This study aims at a revision of the sexuation logic within the modern psychoanalytical clinic. The Freudian thesis on the "primacy of phallus" was initially assumed by Lacan as a sexuated logic "to be or to have" a phallus, and it kept its importance in his later works, it was especially developed in his XX Seminar "Encore" in the table of sexuation. We have demonstrated that as far as the table of sexuation refers to the phallus, described in terms of the phallic function, that continues to be the only signifier of the difference between the sexes, we can hardly apply it to studying some of the particularities of the modern modes of sexuation. On the contrary we suggest that Lacan’s thesis that "the sexuated being is authorized only by himself [...] and by some others" remains valid as far as the becoming of the modern subject is concerned and it is brought to the forefront in the last teaching of Lacan through his study of the "talking being" in terms of knotting and suppliances. Therefore we have chosen the study of the the clinic of the push-to-be-the-woman and that of transsexual women in order to demonstrate that psychoanalysis oriented by the last teaching of Lacan gives us the possibility to reconsider these two clinics of sexual identity disorders in terms of modes of auto-authorization as sexuated. Via our clinical cases we suggest that these subjects left out of the possibility to appeal to the phallic signifiers "for everybody", try nevertheless to find their sintomatic way to join the common sexual discourse without the reference of the sexual binaries.

The purpose of the Roman Argei ceremony, during which the Vestal Virgins harvested made and paraded rush puppets only to throw them into the Tiber, is widely debated. Modern historians supply three main reasons for the purpose of the Argei: an agrarian act, a scapegoat, and finally as an offering averting deceased spirits or Lares. I suggest that the ceremony also related to war and the spectacle of displaying war casualties. I compare the ancient Near East and Rome and connect the element of war and husbandry and claim that the Argei paralleled the sacred marriage. in addition to an agricultural and purification rite, these rituals may have served as sympathetic magic for pre- and inter-war periods. As of yet, no author has proposed the Argei as a ceremony related to war. By looking at the Argei holistically I open the door for a new direction of inquiry on the Argei ceremony, fertility cults in the Near East and in Rome, and on the execution of war criminals.The Argei and new year’s sacred marriage both occurred during the initiation of campaign and spring planting and harvest season. Both in the ancient Near East and in Rome, animal victims were sacrificed and displayed through impaling, crucifixion, and hanging for fertility and in war. for both Rome and the Near East war casualties were displayed on sacred trees. Through the Near East cultures a strong correlation existed between impaling, hanging, and crucifixion in war and Sacred Tree fertility worship. By examining Roman tree worship, military rituals, and agricultural ceremonies a similar correlation becomes apparent. on the same day of the Argei, Mars was married to the anthropomorphized new year and within the month became a scapegoat expelled from the city. Additionally, on the first day of the Argei boys became soldiers.

A ema (Rhea americana americana) é uma ave que pertence ao grupo das Ratitas, ordem Rheiforme e a família Rheidae. Neste trabalho foram analisadas as características morfológicas, macroscópicas e microscópicas, dos órgãos do aparelho reprodutor masculino (testículos, epidídimos, ductos deferentes e falo) e a cloaca em 23 emas, quatro filhotes com duas semanas, sete jovens (de três a oito meses) e doze adultas (três anos), provenientes do abatedouro da Cooperativa Emas do Brasil, RS e do CEMAS, Mossoró, RN. Fragmentos de cada órgão foram fixados por imersão em formoldeído 10%, tampão fosfato pH 7,4, 0,1M ou em solução de Karnovsky (paraformoldeído 4% e glutaraldeído 2,5%, tampão fosfato pH 7,4, 0,1M) e processados na rotina para microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura, respectivamente. Os testículos da ema possuem formato alongado e localizam-se na cavidade celomática, na região intra-abdominal dorsal, com comprimento e largura médias de 7,6 ± 1,2 cm e 2,6 ± 0,7 cm nos adultos; 4,5 ± 1,5 cm e 0,9 ± 0,4 cm nos jovens; e 0,8 ± 0,3 cm, e 0,2 ± 0,1 cm nos filhotes. O testículo está envolto pela túnica albugínea e seu parênquima possui túbulos seminíferos, compostos por epitélio espermatogênico e por células de sustentação, e pelo tecido intersticial, com as células endócrinas intersticiais, tecido conjuntivo frouxo e vasos. Nos adultos observaram-se todas as células da linhagem espermatogênica, enquanto nos jovens com 3 meses os testículos apresentaram túbulos seminíferos com luz reduzidas, espermatogônia e células de sustentação indiferenciadas. O epidídimo apresentou-se alongado e fusiforme junto a margem medial do testículo. Os ductos eferentes possuem um epitélio pseudoestratificado colunar ciliado baixo, enquanto no ducto epididimário o epitélio é alto. O ducto deferentes apresentou trajeto sinuoso nos adultos, retilíneo nos jovens, convoluto na sua porção média, diminuindo seu formato sigmóide em sua porção caudal, próximo à cloaca. O epitélio é pseudoestratificado reveste a luz irregular nos adultos, e circular nos jovens, mantendo proximidade com o ureter. A cloaca dividiu-se em três segmentos: o coprodeu, o urodeo e o proctodeo. No urodeu os ductos deferentes desembocaram em papilas na parede ventro-lateral, próximo a inserção do falo fibroso. O falo é um órgão fibroso linfático, localizado na parede ventral, no assoalho da cloaca, e apresentou duas porções: uma rígida bifurcada e contorcida, e outra simples espiralada e flexível, a qual normalmente esteve invertida. De forma geral os órgãos reprodutores das emas compartilharam da morfologia de outras aves, principalmente aquelas descritas para os avestruzes. / The ema (Rhea american american) is a bird that belongs to the group of the Ratitas, order Rheiforme and family Rheidae. At this study were analyzed the morphological characteristics, macroscopic and microscopic, of the male genital organ (testes, epididymis, deferent ducts, and fhallus) and the cloaca in 23 emas, four chicken (two weeks old), young witer three to ten months old and twelve adult animals (three years old), originating from Cooperativa Emas do Brasil, RS and also from CEMAS, Mossoró, RN. Slices from each organ were fixed by immersion in phorformaldehyde 10%, or in Karnovsky solution (phorformaldehyde 10%, buffer phosphate pH 7.4, 0.1M and glutaraldehyde 2.5% buffer phosphate pH 7.4, 0.1M) and processed for light and scanning microscopy, respectively. The testis of rhea had elongated shape and were located inside coelomatic cavity, in dorsal region of abdominal cavity, with medium length and width of 7.6 ± 1.2 cm and 2.6 ± 0.7 cm at adult animals; 4.5 ± 1.5 cm and 0.9 ± 0.4 cm at young animals; and 0.8 ± 0.3 cm, and 0.2 ±0.1 cm at chicken. The testis were recovered by the tunica albuginea and its parenchyma had seminiferous tubules composed by spermatogenic epithelium and by sustentation cells, and also interstitial tissue, with interstitial endocrine cells, connective tissue and vessels. At the adult animals were observed all the cells from spermatogenic lineage, whilst at the youngs with 3 months the seminiferous tubules had a smale lumen with spermatogonia and undifferentiated sustentacular cells. The epididymis was elongated and fusiform closely to medial testis board. The efferents ductus were composed by a low ciliated pseudoestratified epithelium, while the epididimydis duct had a light epithelium. The deferent duct had sinuous stretch at adult animals, rectilineae at young animal, convolute at its medium portion, decreasing its sigmoid shape at caudal portion, next to cloaca. The epithelium was pseudostratified ciliated, irregular lumen at adult animal, and circular at young animal, closely with urether. The cloaca was divided into three segments: coprodeum, urodeum and proctodeum. At urodeum the deferent ducts discharged into papillas at the ventral side wall, next to fibrous phallus`s insertion. The phallus was a lymphatic fibrous organ, located at ventral wall, at the cloaca floor, and was composed by two portions: one rigid forked and twisted, and another simple spiraled and flexible, which normally was inverted. In a general way the Rhea genital organs shared the morphology from others birds, mainly those described to the ostrich.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:48:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OLI SANTOS DA COSTA.pdf: 12220720 bytes, checksum: 78e07d8231f4d2024bc1c82574747cd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27 / The present dissertation analyzes the phallic orisha Eshu through the prism of his demonization still on African soil as well as the continuation of this process after the entry of black slaves in Colonial Brazil, passing through the Imperial Brazil, Brazil Republic until nowadays. This research attempted to highlight the primordial myth of orisha Eshu with the arrival of Africans, pointing out the conflicts generated by the supremacy of the catholic religion, tied to the crown, even as the traditional African beliefs that were eliminated by the colonizer and by the church. The results show a concern in relation to the control of the orisha Eshu. He has been wrongly misinterpreted to be associated with the Christian devil by the Christian missionaries. This study attempted to demonstrate that the orisha Eshu lost his main features towards the Christian morality by reason of his phallic aspects and his libertarian impulse. Nowadays, Eshu-soul, ie the resignification of the orisha Eshu in umbanda and in other Afro-Brazilian religions, represents a threat to the old institutions since Eshu and his partner, Pomba-gira, try to invert and subvert the established order. / A presente dissertação analisa o orixá fálico Exu sob o prisma de sua demonização ainda em solo africano bem como a continuação desse processo após a entrada dos escravos negros no Brasil Colonial, passando pelo Brasil Imperial, Brasil República até chegar aos dias atuais. Esta pesquisa buscou ressaltar o mito primordial do orixá Exu junto à chegada dos africanos, apontando os conflitos gerados pela supremacia da religião católica, atrelada à coroa, assim como as crenças tradicionais africanas que foram suprimidas pelo colonizador e pela Igreja. Os resultados mostram uma preocupação em relação ao controle do orixá Exu, tendo ele sido erroneamente mal interpretado pelos missionários cristãos ao associarem-no ao diabo cristão. Este estudo procurou demonstrar que o orixá Exu, em razão de seus aspectos fálicos e do ímpeto libertário, perdeu suas principais características frente à moralidade cristã. Nos dias atuais, o Exu-alma, ou seja, a ressignificação do orixá Exu na umbanda e em outras religiões afro-brasileiras, representa uma ameaça para as velhas instituições, uma vez que Exu e sua parceira, Pombagira, tentam inverter e subverter a ordem estabelecida.

Foram utilizados dez jacarés - do - Pantanal (Caiman crocodylus yacare), machos de faixa etária juvenil; sete espécimes foram destinados ao estudo macroscópico e os outros três foram utilizados para o estudo microscópico de luz. Após a abertura da cavidade pleuroperitoneal foi observado e identificado que os testículos são em pares e apresentam-se aderidos a parede dorsal da cavidade pleuroperitoneal. O epidídimo é alongado e muito enovelado, encontra-se na extremidade cranial do testículo, seguindo medialmente até sua extremidade caudal, onde inicia-se com o ducto deferente e posterior abertura na cloaca. O falo tem um formato tubular de aspecto cônico, mostrando ser um órgão com breve resistência, porém é flexível e possuem características de tecido cartilaginoso. Na microscopia de luz foi observada que, o testículo é limitado pela túnica albugínea. Os túbulos seminíferos são extremamente contorcidos e em seus espaços estão preenchidos por tecido intersticial e células de Leydig. Encontram-se na rede testicular túbulos revestidos por epitélio cubóide. Os ductos do epidídimo são revestidos pelo epitélio pseudo-estratificado não ciliado que variam entre células cúbicas e prismáticas. Os ductos deferentes caracterizam-se por apresentar uma luz estreita revestida pelo epitélio pseudo-estratificado prismático não ciliado. O falo é revestido pelo epitélio estratificado escamoso não queratinizado e envolto por tecido conjuntivo. / Ten Young-aged male Pantanal alligators (Caiman crocodylus yacare) were used; seven specimes were destinated to macroscopic study and the other three were used in the study of light microscopy. After the opening of the pleuroperitoneal cavity, we observed and identified that testes are in pairs and adhered to the dorsal wall of the pleuroperitoneal cavity. The epididymis is long and very convoluted. It is found in the cranial extremity of the testis, following medially until its caudal extremity, where it is initiated with ductus deferens and posterior opening in the phallus. Phallus has a tubular shape in conic aspect showing to be an organ with little resistence, but it is flexible and has features of cartilaginous tissue. In the light microscopy we observed that the testis is limited by the tunica albuginea. The seminiferous tubules are extremely convoluted and its spaces are filled with intersticial tissue and Leydig cells. Tubule lined with cuboidal epithelium are found in the rete testis. The ductus epididymus are lined with by non-ciliated pseudostratified epithelium to columnar cells. Ductus deferens show a very narrow light lined by the non-ciliated columnar pseudostratified epithelium. Phallus is lined by the non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-27T15:59:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Cynara Sodré Araújo Novaes.pdf: 747057 bytes, checksum: 23977a697717787406429ba7fafa20da (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2016-04-28T17:38:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Cynara Sodré Araújo Novaes.pdf: 747057 bytes, checksum: 23977a697717787406429ba7fafa20da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T17:38:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Cynara Sodré Araújo Novaes.pdf: 747057 bytes, checksum: 23977a697717787406429ba7fafa20da (MD5) / Para a teoria psicanalítica, a partir do ensino lacaniano, a psicose é caracterizada pela foraclusão do significante Nome-do-Pai, sendo que uma das consequências da foraclusão é a não inscrição na função fálica. Desse modo, situações que façam apelo ao significante foracluído podem provocar o desencadeamento da psicose. Desde Freud, foi estabelecida a relação entre maternidade e atribuição fálica, ou seja, o filho como um substituto fálico para a mãe. Ao estabelecer a inveja do falo como marca do psiquismo das mulheres, Freud propôs a maternidade como condição para a constituição da feminilidade. A relação entre maternidade e atribuição fálica se mantém na perspectiva lacaniana, uma vez que, o filho enquanto substituto fálico permite que a mãe o inscreva no campo do seu desejo, possibilitando a inscrição da criança na linguagem. Contudo, para a teoria lacaniana a mediação do falo não comporta o que diz respeito à mulher. Para o desejo da mãe há um significante que o representa, que é o falo, mas não existe um significante que represente a mulher, o que determina sua posição não-toda referida à função fálica, marcando assim uma disjunção entre mãe e mulher. Estas considerações levaram-me a questionar a maternidade como uma situação que pode provocar o desencadeamento da psicose, pois devido à foraclusão do Nome-do-Pai, a mulher na psicose não está inscrita na função fálica. A disjunção entre mãe e mulher conduziu-me ainda a um questionamento sobre a possível posição para a mulher na psicose, uma vez que devido a não inscrição da função fálica, não haveria possibilidade de se posicionar nem como mãe nem como mulher. Na psicose, devido a não inscrição da função fálica o sujeito não tem como se posicionar como homem ou como mulher na partilha sexual. Diante desta impossibilidade, o sujeito pode inventar uma solução delirante a partir do empuxo-à-mulher, o que me levou a analisar o empuxo-à-mulher como uma possível posição para a mulher na psicose. Desse modo, a questão norteadora do presente estudo pode ser formulada do seguinte modo: como uma mulher na psicose pode responder à convocação fálica da maternidade? A análise de um caso clínico de uma mulher que se dizia a mãe da humanidade foi utilizada para abordar essa questão. For psychoanalytic theory, since the teaching of Lacan, psychosis is characterized by the foreclosure of the significant name-of-the-father, having as one of its consequences the non-inscription within the phallic function. In this manner, situations which demand the foreclosed significant may provoke the eruption of psychosis. Since Freud, the relationship between motherhood and the phallic attribute had been established or, in other words, the child as a phallic substitute for the mother. While establishing envy of the phallus as the psychic token of women, Freud proposed maternity as the condition for the constitution of femininity. The relationship between maternity and the phallic attribution is maintained in Lacan‟s perspective, since, the child as a phallic substitute allows the mother to inscribe him within her desire, making possible the inscription of the child within language. However, for Lacan‟s theory the phallus mediation does not enclose that which is related to women. For the mother‟s desire there is a significant that represents her which is the phallus, however there is no significant to represent the woman, which determines her position of not-all refereeing to the phallic function, establishing the dis-function between mother and woman. These considerations lead me to question maternity as a situation which may provoke the eruption of psychosis, for due to the foreclosure of the name-of-the-father, a psychotic woman is not inscribed in the phallic function. The dis-junction between mother and woman led me to another question, as to the possible position for a psychotic woman, and due to the non-inscription of the phallic function, if there might be the possibility of positioning herself as neither mother nor woman. In psychosis, due to the non-inscription of phallic function the subject has no way of positioning either as man or as woman within the sexual partage. Facing this difficulty, the subject may create a delirious solution coming from the push-to-be-a woman, which took me to analyze that as a possible position for women within psychosis. In this manner, the guiding question of the present work may be formulated this way: how can a psychotic woman answer the phallic convocation of maternity? The analysis of a clinical case of a woman who said to be the mother of humanity was used to approach this question.

[pt] A dissertação tem como proposta desenvolver um estudo sobre a teoria de Freud e Lacan sobre a perversão. Primeiramente, cabe destacar que na metapsicologia freudiana encontram-se duas acepções em que o termo perversão é empregado: uma, de ordem estrutural, relativa à natureza aberrante da sexualidade infantil, que não se conforma a um padrão natural ou instintivo, e outra relativa a uma dinâmica psíquica fundada na recusa da castração, cujo paradigma é o fetichismo. Enquanto Freud ditou os eixos centrais da teoria da perversão, Lacan abordou a posição do sujeito frente ao outro, em relação ao gozo e ao desejo. Mostrou que o perverso se coloca no lugar de objeto a, se oferecendo como instrumento de gozo do Outro. Sua atuação sintomática se resume a dividir subjetivamente o outro, a quem transfere sua angústia de castração. Privilegiou-se, neste trabalho, uma perspectiva da perversão não como uma estrutura, mas sim como um discurso. No esquema freudiano, recusa e recalque não são excludentes, o que indica que a dinâmica perversa inclui uma face neurótica. Assim, questiona-se as idéias de que para o perverso o outro não existe, de que ele não se angustia e de que não é acessível à análise. Por fim, aborda-se a forma como costuma se estruturar o campo transferencial, visando salientar aspectos relativos à direção do tratamento. / [en] The dissertation has the objective of developing a study of the Freud s and the Lacan s theory about perversion. It is important to note that two different meanings of the word perversion can be found in the Freud s metapsychology: one, of a structural order, refers to the aberrant nature of the infantile sexuality,which does not conform to a natural or instinctive pattern; and the other corresponds to a psychic dynamics based on the disavowal of the castration, and has fetichism as its paradigm. While Freud established the central axes of the theory of perversion, Lacan elaborated on the subject s position in relation to the other, and his relationship with jouissance and desire. Lacan showed that the perverse puts himself in the place of the object a, offering himself as an intrument of the Other s jouissance. His symptomatic performance has the objective of dividing subjectively the other, to whom he tranfers his castration anxiety. The main focus of this work is the perversion s perspective as a discourse and not as a structure. In the Freudian s scheme, disavowal and repression does not exclude each other, and this indicates that the perverse dynamics includes a neurotic face. Thus, the ideas that the other does not exist to the perverse, that he does not suffer from anxiety, and that he is not acessible to analysis, can be argued. Finally, the form by which the transferencial field is often structured will be examined aiming to point out some aspects relative to the direction of the treatment.

Foram utilizados dez jacarés - do - Pantanal (Caiman crocodylus yacare), machos de faixa etária juvenil; sete espécimes foram destinados ao estudo macroscópico e os outros três foram utilizados para o estudo microscópico de luz. Após a abertura da cavidade pleuroperitoneal foi observado e identificado que os testículos são em pares e apresentam-se aderidos a parede dorsal da cavidade pleuroperitoneal. O epidídimo é alongado e muito enovelado, encontra-se na extremidade cranial do testículo, seguindo medialmente até sua extremidade caudal, onde inicia-se com o ducto deferente e posterior abertura na cloaca. O falo tem um formato tubular de aspecto cônico, mostrando ser um órgão com breve resistência, porém é flexível e possuem características de tecido cartilaginoso. Na microscopia de luz foi observada que, o testículo é limitado pela túnica albugínea. Os túbulos seminíferos são extremamente contorcidos e em seus espaços estão preenchidos por tecido intersticial e células de Leydig. Encontram-se na rede testicular túbulos revestidos por epitélio cubóide. Os ductos do epidídimo são revestidos pelo epitélio pseudo-estratificado não ciliado que variam entre células cúbicas e prismáticas. Os ductos deferentes caracterizam-se por apresentar uma luz estreita revestida pelo epitélio pseudo-estratificado prismático não ciliado. O falo é revestido pelo epitélio estratificado escamoso não queratinizado e envolto por tecido conjuntivo. / Ten Young-aged male Pantanal alligators (Caiman crocodylus yacare) were used; seven specimes were destinated to macroscopic study and the other three were used in the study of light microscopy. After the opening of the pleuroperitoneal cavity, we observed and identified that testes are in pairs and adhered to the dorsal wall of the pleuroperitoneal cavity. The epididymis is long and very convoluted. It is found in the cranial extremity of the testis, following medially until its caudal extremity, where it is initiated with ductus deferens and posterior opening in the phallus. Phallus has a tubular shape in conic aspect showing to be an organ with little resistence, but it is flexible and has features of cartilaginous tissue. In the light microscopy we observed that the testis is limited by the tunica albuginea. The seminiferous tubules are extremely convoluted and its spaces are filled with intersticial tissue and Leydig cells. Tubule lined with cuboidal epithelium are found in the rete testis. The ductus epididymus are lined with by non-ciliated pseudostratified epithelium to columnar cells. Ductus deferens show a very narrow light lined by the non-ciliated columnar pseudostratified epithelium. Phallus is lined by the non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue.