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11	Konstitueringen av ett vetenskapligt objekt : Exemplet - det manliga klimakteriet / The Constitution of a Scientific Object : The case of the male menopause Droppe, Adam January 2010 (has links) How are new scientific concepts of illnesses and disorder formed? The last fifty years have seen a dramatic increase in new diagnoses incorporated into medical manuals. The concept of the male menopause, or the andropause diagnosis, is suitable for studying how medical knowledge is produced, since it has alternated between being and not being part of the acknowledged medical knowledge since the beginning of the 19th century, when it was originally launched. After being rather unnoticed during the 20th century, the concept of the male menopause had a renaissance in the 1990s’. The andropause then became a specific research area, articles about the male menopause were widely published in medical journals, specific therapies were developed, and andropause clinics opened around the world. The thesis explores what combination of circumstances lay behind the establishment of the andropause as a scientific object in the 1990s’. The purpose was to find out what the institutionalization of the (concept of the) andropause shows about the production of science, specifically medical knowledge. Methodologically, the study can be described as an analysis of ideas, where the ideas contained in the concept of a male menopause are in focus. Accordingly, the research materials were scientific literature, media, and other documents where the idea of a male menopause was expressed. The analysis was structured in four divisions. First, the andropause theory was studied to find any obvious scientific explanations, such as new knowledge or discoveries. “Pure science” could not explain the breakthrough of the andropause diagnosis, since the andropause theory is laden with uncertainties according to the scientific principles of evaluation that the medical science itself supports. Second, the social organization of the medical knowledge production was inquired with focus on the medical profession, and the andropause theory was found to offer new professional arenas. Third, factors outside profession and science were found, the extra scientific dimensions, primarily cultural conditions and social structures. The emergence of feminist theory was found to change the perception of men in the culture, where the male norm no longer is self-evident. Fourth, in the social structure, pharmaceutical companies were found to engage strongly in the andropause concept. Together these factors constituted the andopause as a scientific object. The thesis demonstrates: the advantage of a multi perspective analysis: the complexity of the development of concepts of disease: the weakness of the epistemology of evidence-based medicine: and the social and cultural foundation of science. andropause sociology of science testosterone profession of medicine big pharma research policy feminism male gender andropaus vetenskapssociologi testosteron medicinsk profession läkemedelsindustri feminism forskningspolitik andrologi manligt genus Sociology Sociologi
12	Návrh komunikační strategie produktu / Proposal of Product Communication Strategy Zavřelová, Tereza January 2015 (has links) This master´s thesis deals with improving communication strategy of Lactacyd, which is an intimate hygiene brand of Omega Pharma company. The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part contains description of theoretical resources and fundamental knowledge. The second part of the thesis is focused on an analysis of the current situation with an aim to obtain information needed for proposal part. The last part delivers proposals for improvement of the current marketing communication as well as other proposals which can strenghten market position of Lactacyd brand.
13	The Distribution of Opioid Settlement Funds in Northeast Tennessee Patel, Amani 01 May 2022 (has links) Opioid Use Disorder is defined by the NIH as “the chronic use of opioids that causes clinically significant distress or impairment.”1 Due to a number of factors, the overuse of opioids has become an epidemic in the United States. In recent years there have been a number of lawsuits against pharmaceutical companies and other parties who have benefitted from the proliferation of this issue. In most cases, it is up to the states or local governments who receive these funds to determine their best use. The purpose of this Thesis is to analyze the resources recommended by Ballad Health’s Community Health Needs Assessments, and five additional panels of experts in this field, and to compare these recommendations with available resources, along with making recommendations for the distribution and use of funds coming from a number of lawsuits and settlements. Purdue Pharma oxycontin Baby Doe Community Health and Preventive Medicine Health Services Administration Health Services Research Maternal and Child Health Public Health Education and Promotion
14	Modèles statistiques pour l'extrapolation de l'information adulte à l'enfant dans les essais cliniques / Statistical models for extrapolation of adult to child information in clinical trials Petit, Caroline 09 March 2017 (has links) Cette thèse est consacrée aux méthodes statistiques d’extrapolation dans les essais de recherche de dose en pédiatrie. Dans un premier temps, nous réalisons une revue systématique de la littérature sur le sujet. Elle met en évidence la nécessité de proposer de nouvelles méthodes pour la conception des études d’escalade de dose chez l’enfant. Nous apportons des réponses à cette problématique en exploitant l’information disponible chez l’adulte. Dans une première série de travaux, nous étudions l’intérêt de la prédiction des paramètres pharmacocinétiques (PK) en pédiatrie à l’aide de méthodes d’extrapolation : l’allométrie et la maturation. Cette évaluation est réalisée à partir de données PK chez l’adulte et l’enfant pour la méfloquine. Faisant appel aux paramètres prédits, nous développons une approche pour choisir les temps de prélèvements (design) d’une étude PK. Nous recommandons un design obtenu par optimisation grâce à la méthode de D-optimalité en utilisant le logiciel PFIM. Ce design est ensuite validé à l’aide de simulations sur différents modèles. Une seconde série de travaux nous amène à proposer des recommandations pour la planification d’un essai de recherche de dose. Nous avançons d’abord des techniques pour choisir les doses à tester grâce à l’utilisation des données adultes et de l’extrapolation. Nous proposons ensuite une méthode proche de la méta-analyse pour prédire les probabilités de toxicités pour chaque dose. Enfin, nous employons la méthode de l’Effective sample size afin de construire une loi a priori lors de l’utilisation d’une estimation bayésienne. Nous validons ces recommandations sur une étude de cas en utilisant une méthode d’escalade de dose, la méthode de réévaluation séquentielle bivariée, pour laquelle nous évaluons à la fois la toxicité et l’efficacité. A partir de l’exemple de la molécule erlotinib, nous effectuons une série de simulations sur plusieurs scénarios afin d’illustrer les performances de la planification. / This thesis addresses extrapolation techniques for statistical models for dose-finding studies in pediatrics. After a litterature review on these clinical trials, we observed the need of methodological propositions for the planification of dose- finding studies in pediatrics. We deal with this issue using information from the adult population. In a first research, the objectives are to design a pharmacokinetic (PK) study by using information from adults and evaluate the robustness of the recommended design through a case study of mefloquine. Pediatric PK parameters are predicted from adult PK using extrapolation functions such as allometry and maturation. A D-optimal design for children is obtained with PFIM by assuming the extrapolated design. The robustness of the recommended design is evaluated in a simulation study with four different models and is compared to the empirical design used for the pediatric data. In a second research, we propose a global approach to conduct a pediatric dose-finding clinical trial using extrapolation from adult information. First, we extrapolate the dose-range from adults using allometry and maturation. Then, using an approach to meta-analysis, we choose the initial probabilities of toxicity for each dose. Finally, we use the effective sample size method to choose the prior distribution of parameters in a Bayesian setting. We perform a simulation study based on the molecule erlotinib to evaluate the performances of this global approach. Pédiatrie Extrapolation Recherche de dose Modélisation pharma- cocinétique Phase I-II Modèle non-linéaire mixtes Inférence bayésienne Pediatrics Extrapolation Dose-finding Pharmacokinetics modelling Phase I/II Non-linear mixed effect models Bayesian statistics 618.92
15	Information design for product visualisations : Developement of a information design for carton boxes Johansson, Sofia January 2021 (has links) Eson Pac is a company that develops pharmaceutical packaging. One problem that thecompany currently has is that they do not have a basis for showing their products andthe information about them. This report presents the development of this to the company,through a degree project. The important focus of the work has been to developan information design that informs and visualizes their products in a user-friendly way.By following well-founded theory and research-based methods, the iterative work hastaken shape. This is partly by following an IDEO based process method called the threeI method which contains the three phases Inspire, generate Ideas and Implement. Inaccordance with Eson Pac’s wishes, certain restrictions have been placed on the productionof the result, such as colors and containing information, in addition to whichthe focus has been on producing a result that benefits the users. The work resulted in aninteractive information design with produced animations and illustrations of the company’sproducts together with information about them. / Eson Pac är ett företag som utvecklar läkemedelsförpackningar. Ett problem som företagethar i dagsläget är att de inte har ett underlag för att visa sina produkter ochinformation kring dem. Denna rapport presenterar utvecklingen av detta till företaget,genom ett examensarbete. Det viktiga fokuset i arbetet har varit att ta fram en informationsdesignsom informerar och visualiserar deras produkter på ett användarvänligtsätt.Genom att följa välgrundad teori och forksningsbaserade metoder har det itterativa arbetettagit form. Detta dels genom att följa en IDEO baserad processmetod som kallasthree I method som innehåller de tre faserna Inspirera, idegenerera och implementera.Utefter Eson Pac’s önskemål har vissa begränsningar gjorts vid framtagnignen avresultatet såsom färger och innehållande information, utöver dethar fokus legat på attta fram ett resultat som gynnar användarna. Arbetet resulterade i en interaktiv informationsdesignmed framtagna animeringar och illustrationr av företagets produktertilsammans med information kring dem. Pharma Packaging Information design Interaction design Visualization Usability Product development Product design Master of Science in Engineering Design Läkemedel Läkemedelsbranchen Användbarhet Produktutveckling Produktdesign Civilingenjör Teknisk Design Other Engineering and Technologies Annan teknik Design Design
16	Pharmacological studies on the contribution of the neuropeptide proctolin to the cephalic control of singing behavior in grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus (L.1758) / Pharmakologische Untersuchungen zu der Beteiligung des Neuropeptides Proctolin an der Cephalen Kontrolle der Stridulation bei der Heuschreke Chorthippus biguttulus (L.1758) / Фарамакологично изследване на ролята на невропептида проктолин в мозъчния контрол на стридулацията (пеенето) при скакалеца Chorthippus biguttulus (L.1758) Vezenkov, Stoyan Raykov 02 November 2004 (has links) No description available. 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie Mathematics and Computer Science neuropeptide proctolin singing behavior stridulation Chorthippus biguttulus insect brain neuronal circuit phonotactic approach step-wise making decision mAChR nAChR co-transmission modulation oscillation glutamate central pattern generator signal transduction glycine GABA histamine dopamine AC PLC PKC Ca2+ signaling Li+ pharma neuropeptide proctolin singing behavior stridulation Chorthippus biguttulus insect brain neuronal circuit phonotactic approach step-wise making decision mAChR nAChR co-transmission modulation oscillation glutamate central pattern generator signal transduction glycine GABA histamine dopamine AC PLC PKC Ca2+ signaling Li+ pharma 42.63 Tierphysiologie

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