Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad Sveriges partier har för ståndpunkter för att öka denfysiska aktiviteten hos barn och ungdomar samt vilka aktörer i samhället som bidrar till en ökadfysisk aktivitet i samhället, där skolan lyfts upp då det är en av de aktörer som har en storpåverkan. För att uppnå syftet och frågeställningarna har en kvalitativ textanalys gjorts påregeringsskrifter, databaser och litteratur där utgångspunkten har varit att göra eninnehållsanalys, argumentationsanalys samt en politisk diskursanalys. För att kunna analyseraoch bearbeta det insamlade materialet utgår studien från en triangelmodell som ett analytisktverktyg där grunden är staten, marknaden och det civila samhället. Resultatet i studien visar att de flesta politiska partierna i Sverige försöker öka den fysiskaaktiviteten genom skolan, då den fysiska aktiviteten i skolan resulterar ett hälsosammare liv ivuxen ålder. Studiens resultat visar även att infrastrukturen påverkar den fysiska aktivitetensom gör det möjligt för individer att utöva fysisk aktivitet på fritiden.

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Bakgrund: Andelen äldre i vårt samhälle ökar och alltfler äldre är fysiskt inaktiva, vilket kan ses som ett folkhälsoproblem. Att utforska inaktiva äldres syn på fysisk aktivitet kan bidra till värdefull kunskap när det gäller att stödja dessa personer till en ökad fysiskt aktiv livsstil.  Syfte: Att ta reda på vad inaktiva äldre upplever har betydelse för att vara fysiskt aktiva, samt vad de anser kan få dem att förändra sitt beteende till en mer fysiskt aktiv livsstil. Metod: En kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med ett bekvämlighetsurval med sex kvinnor, 65–74 år. Data analyserades induktivt med kvalitativ innehållsanalys där koder och kategorier sorterades fram.  Resultat: Fysisk miljö och yttre stöd ansågs ha betydelse för att inaktiva äldre skulle vara mer fysiskt aktiva. Vardagliga aktiviteter prioriteras framför fysisk aktivitet. Yttre stöd, förändrade rutiner i samband med pension, kunskap och erfarenheter samt känslor och attityder kring fysisk aktivitet ansåg de äldre ha betydelse för den fysiska aktivitetsnivån. Slutsatser: De psykosociala faktorerna uppfattades ha stor betydelse vad gäller fysisk aktivitet, deltagarna betonade omgivningens betydelse, yttre stöd ansågs ha en stor betydelse för att en beteendeförändring skulle kunna ske. / Background: The number of elderly in our society is increasing and the quantity of physically inactive seniors is growing along with it, this observation can be viewed as a global health issue. By exploring inactive elderly people´s view of physical activity it can contribute to valuable knowledge for supporting this age group into a more physical active lifestyle. Aim: To find out what elderly experiences have importance for being physically active, and what they think can make them change their behavior into a more physically active lifestyle. Method: The study was qualitative, semistructured interviews were made, a convenient sample of six women, 65-74 years old, were included. Data were interpreted inductive with a qualitative content analysis and then sorted into codes and categories. Result: Physical environment and external support was considered to be important by elderly inactive people to be more physically active. Ordinary everyday activities are prioritized over physical exercise. External support, changed habits after retirement, knowledge, experience and attitudes regarding physical activity. This altogether results in an impact on the level of physical activity amongst elders.   Conclusion: The psychosocial factors  were perceived to have great importance in terms of physical activity. The participants expressed how the support from the surroundings has a great importance for a behavioural change.

La gravité est un facteur environnemental majeur. C’est cette force qui a façonné la vie et le fonctionnement de notre organisme est intimement lié à la gravité. Pour rester en bonne santé, nous devons bénéficier de l’influence quotidienne de la gravité et d’un apport alimentaire adapté à notre activité physique. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’étudier le remodelage vasculaire et la dysfonction endothéliale dans des modèles de sédentarité et de troubles métaboliques ainsi que d’explorer des moyens de contre mesures. Un alitement de 60 jours chez des sujets sains masculins induit un remodelage de la macrocirculation au niveau de l’artère fémorale ainsi qu’une dysfonction endothéliale au niveau de la microcirculation. La prise quotidienne d’extraits végétaux complexes issus de la médecine traditionnelle chinoise (Taikong Yangxin) a permis de prévenir l’atteinte endothéliale.Dans un modèle de rat diabétique avec atteinte vasculaire (rats GK),nous avons testé le salidroside, important composé issus du Taikong Yangxin. Bien qu’il n’ait pas d’effets sur le diabète, cecomposé a montré un effet bénéfique sur la vasodilatation endothéliale -dépendante et -indépendante. Dans une dernière partie nous avons étudié chez la souris l’implication du récepteur de type 2 à l’angiotensine et des récepteurs aux estrogènes dans les dysfonctions cardiovasculaires induite par une alimentation hypercalorique. L’inactivité physique induit un remodelage morphologique et fonctionnel au niveau de l’arbre vasculaire ce qui en fait un facteur de risque majeur et indépendant des maladies cardio-vasculaires. Des extraits végétaux simples ou complexes ont des effets bénéfiques sur les fonctions endothéliales. Le récepteur de type 2 à l’angiotensine et ses interactions possibles avec le récepteur aux oestrogènes pourrait être une cible pharmacologique comme contre mesure des atteintes vasculaires liées à l’environnement. / Gravity is a major environmental factor. This force that shaped the life and the functioning of our body is closely related to gravity. To remain healthy, we should benefit from the daily influence of gravity and a food intake adapted to our physical activity. The objective of this thesis is to study vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction in sedentary models and metabolic disorders and to explore ways of countermeasures. 60 days of head down bed rest in healthy male induce a macrocirculation remodeling at the femoral artery and an endothelial dysfunction at the microcirculation level. Daily intake of complex plant extracts from traditional Chinese medicine (Taikong Yangxin) helped to prevent endothelial dysfunction. In a diabetic rat model with vascular dysfunction (GK rats), we tested the salidroside, an important compound from the Taikong Yangxin. Although it has no effect on diabetes, this compound showed a beneficial effect on endothelial -dependent and -independent vasodilation. In the last part of our work, we studied the involvement of type 2 angiotensin receptor and estrogen receptor in cardiovascular dysfunction induced by a high calorie diet in mice. Physical inactivity induces morphological and functional remodeling in the vascular tree, making it a major risk factor independent of cardiovascular diseases. Simple or complex plant extracts have beneficial effects on endothelial function. Angiotensin type 2 receptor and its interaction with the estrogen receptor could be a pharmacological target as a countermeasure against vascular damage related to the environment.

Bakgrund: En av människokroppens främsta funktioner är att vara fysiskt aktiv och detta är essentiellt genom hela livet. Vuxna över 18 år rekommenderas att uppnå minst 150 minuter fysisk aktivitet per vecka med måttlig intensitet och bör spridas ut under veckan. Fysisk aktivitet minskar bland annat risken för förtida död och hjärt-och kärlsjukdomar. Hälsoinspirerade appar kan förbättra livsstilsvanor såsom kost och fysisk aktivitet och därmed förebygga sjukdomar. Sociala medier är ett samlingsnamn för kommunikationsplattformar. Det har visat sig finnas ett samband mellan användandet av sociala medier och en försämrad självbild och kroppsuppfattning. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att ge en inblick i hur fysisk aktivitet hos vuxna kvinnor i åldersgruppen 18-60 år influeras av användandet av sociala medier och hälsoinspirerade appar samt hur sociala medier inverkar på självbild och kroppsuppfattning hos yngre och äldre kvinnor. Deltagare: Deltagarna var 165 stycken vuxna kvinnor inom åldrarna 18 till 60 år.  Den yngre åldersgruppen (18-30 år) innefattade 114 deltagare. Det var 19 deltagare i åldersgruppen 31-40 år och 32 deltagare i åldersgruppen 41-60 år. Metod: En digitaliserad enkät utformades för att besvara frågeställningar om bakgrundsinformation, användning av sociala medier, fysisk aktivitet, kroppsuppfattning samt självbild. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar att 95% av kvinnorna var fysiskt aktiva och 33% av dessa var aktiva 4-6 timmar per vecka. Studien har visat liten medvetenhet kring hur sociala medier kan appliceras på fysisk aktivitet hos kvinnorna 18-60 år. Yngre kvinnor använder sociala medier i en större utsträckning samt upplevde sämre kroppsuppfattning och självbild jämfört med äldre kvinnor. Konklusion: Studien har besvarat frågeställningarna genom att användandet av sociala medier och appar kan främja fysisk aktivitet hos kvinnor samt att det finns en skillnad i användandet av sociala medier, jämförelse och självbild mellan åldersgruppen 18-30 och 31-60. / Background: One of the primary functions of the human body is to be physically active and this is essential throughout life. Adults over 18 years of age are recommended to achieve at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week with moderate intensity spread throughout the week. Physical activity reduces the risk of premature death and cardiovascular diseases. Health-inspiring apps can improve lifestyle habits such as diet and physical activity and thus prevent diseases. Social media is a collective name for communication platforms. A connection between the use of social media and a deteriorated self-image and body image has been found.   Purpose: The purpose of the study was to give an insight into how physical activity in adult women in the age group 18-60 years is influenced by the use of social media and health-inspired apps, and how social media affects self-image and body image in younger and older women. Participants: The participants were 165 women in the ages 18 to 60 years. The younger age group (18-30 years) included 114 participants. There were 19 participants in the age group 31-40 years and 32 participants in the age group 41-60 years. Method: A digitized questionnaire was designed to answer questions about background information, use of social media, physical activity, body image and self-image. Result: The study's results show that 95% of the women were physically active and 33% of these were active 4-6 hours per week. The study has shown little awareness regarding how social media can be applied to physical activity in women 18-60 years. Younger women use social media to a greater extent and experienced poorer body image and self-image compared to older women Conclusion: The study has answered the purpose that the use of social media and apps promote physical activity in women and that there is a difference in the use of social media, comparison and self-image between the age group 18-30 and 31-60.

Le comportement envers une activité physique (AP) peut être compris sur un continuum où les individus inactifs et les individus qui pratiquent de façon excessive représentent les deux extrémités. Au milieu de ce continuum se trouvent les individus qui pratiquent de façon modérée et régulière. Ce sont ces derniers qui semblent bénéficier le plus de la pratique d’une AP (Canning et al., 2014; Kern et al., 2013; Warburton et al., 2006; Spirduso, 1995) (Spirduso, 1995). Cette thèse a pour but de comprendre les comportements dites ‘à risque pour la santé’ par rapport à la pratique d’AP, notamment l’inactivité physique et la pratique problématique d’exercice physique (PPEP). Cette thèse s’articule donc en deux parties. La première partie ‘‘Perspectives théoriques’’ a pour but la présentation d’une recherche adaptée afin de fournir une compréhension complète des comportements vis à vis la pratique d’AP et plus particulièrement l’inactivité physique et la PPEP. Cette partie vise également à faire un état de lieu de leurs méthodes d’évaluation, leurs causes et conséquences, ainsi que leurs préventions et traitements. La deuxième partie ‘‘Perspectives empiriques’’ qui sera elle même divisée en deux sous sections, sera consacrée aux différents articles (publiés ou en cours) englobant l’inactivité physique chez les étudiants universitaires et la PPEP: le but de cette dissertation est donc double et s’articule autour de sept articles. 1/Pour comprendre le problème d’inactivité physique à travers: (a) Une revue systématique de la prévalence globale de l’inactivité physique au sein des étudiants universitaires; (b) Une étude croisée effectuée au sein des communautés estudiantines françaises et indiennes; (c) Une étude exploratoire afin de tracer le profil des étudiants inactifs en Inde. 2/ Afin de mieux cerner le phénomène de la PPEP grâce à:(a) La validation d’un modèle hiérarchique définissant la PPEP; (b) L’étude du cas clinique d’un homme de cinquante ans mettant en lumière le développement et les motivations vis à vis la PPEP;(c) Une etude exploratoire sur les liens entre la PPEP et les traits d’impulsivité; (d) Cette étude vise à reproduire le modèle de Cook & Hausenblas (2008) qui postule que la PPEP joue un rôle de médiateur entre l’exercice physique et les troubles du comportements alimentaires (TCA). / Behavior towards physical activity (PA) can be investigated on a continuum with physical inactivity on one end and excessive exercise leading to the dangers of doping and/or problematic practice of physical exercise (PPPE), on the other. The aim of the current dissertation is to further clarify the concepts of physical inactivity as well as PPPE, in order to promote the adoption of regular and moderate PA while taking into account the negative consequences of excessive exercising. This dissertation is divided into two parts. The purpose of Part I – ‘Theoretical Perspectives’ is to present pertinent research and provide a general understanding of physical inactivity and PPPE. Part II – ‘Empirical Perspectives’, consists of the various research papers encompassing the two phenomena. Thus, the aim of this dissertation is twofold and is achieved through seven papers: 1/To understand the epidemic of physical inactivity through (a) a systematic review of prevalence of physical inactivity in college students globally on studies done between 2002 and 2015, (b) a cross sectional study done on a cohort of French and Indian university students and (c) an analysis of the psychological correlates of physical inactivity amongst Indian university students. 2/ To understand the phenomenon of PPPE through (a) the validation of an hierarchical model explaining PPPE, (b) a clinical case study of a 50 year old man throwing light upon the development and motivations towards PPPE, and (c) the possible links between traits of impulsivity and PPPE. This section also presents a fourth working article which (d) aims to replicate the mediation model of exercise, PPPE and eating pathology validated by Cook & Hausenblas (2008) along with the motivation to control weight.

This thesis deals with the topic: "Physical activity of persons employed with a focus on the teaching profession." In the theoretical part concepts related to history and the intensity of teaching, teachers and related mental stress health risks. are characterized. We also deal with the influence of physical activity on human health, and the ability to reduce the occurrence of various health risks. The aim of the thesis is to monitor physical activity among teachers in kindergarten, Basic school, including school with small classes and high school. It is assessed on the basis of a standardized questionnaire IPAQ-long and by monitoring using pedometers Yamax Digiwalker SW 700th The results found physical activity are compared with recommendations for physical activity and divided into categories according to the classification PA Tudor-Locke and Bassett.

The thesis called Children and Youth Olympics: Analysis of time series of first-grade pupils' sports performance deals with the importance of physical activities of junior pupils attending elementary schools. The aim of this thesis is to describe the current status of children's physical capability as it is reported in professional literature. The data found there are compared with the children's physical ability performance measured in the case of the first-grade pupils at elementary schools. The thesis is focused on describing the Czech Olympic Committee project which is called Children and Youth Olympics. A unique sports event is derived from it - Velké Opatovice First- Grade Children Olympics. The text deals with the importance of sports, physical and olympic education and their integration in the Framework Education Program for the Basic Education. The research part of the thesis contains the analysis of the youngest pupils' sports performance. It introduces the data gathered from the First-grade Children Olympics result lists. They are in the form of the sports results linear trends from the period 2000 - 2017. The events in question are 50 and 400 metres run, cricket ball throw and long jump from the site. The research results have shown the improvement in running. It means in the speed and...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:06:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo de Rosso Krug.pdf: 1279304 bytes, checksum: 3759a329e7713ff82a33b22b6795c6d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this research was to analyze oldest old physically inactive women s perceptions concerning barriers and facilitators to physical activity among participants of community groups in Florianópolis-SC. This study was conducted in two stages: one descriptive epidemiological cross-sectional approach which involved 351 individuals 80 years of age pertaining to one of the 102 community groups in the city; and, the second, a qualitative approach that involved 30 physically inactive long-lived women who participated in five focus groups, one for each city region (Central, Eastern, Southern, Northern and Mainland). Data collection included a structured interview containing: sociodemographic data and health conditions, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, long version adapted for the elderly and the script of the questions to guide the focus groups. We used descriptive statistics and chi-square test (χ2) or Fisher's Exact to verify the association between sociodemographic characteristics and the physical activity level. Data from the focus group were treated by one thematic content analysis. The physically inactive long-lived women perceived more barriers (13) than facilitators (9) for physical activity practice. The main barriers were: physical limitation, lack of motivation, excessive family care, inappropriate physical exercises, diseases, lack of security, marriage concerns and caring their children, have never performed physical activities during leisure time, fear of falling and increasing age. The main facilitators were: satisfaction for practicing physical activity, socialization, benefits of physical activity, appropriate physical exercises, to share company to perform physical activities and the program of physical activity of the City of Florianópolis- SC. It was concluded that knowledge of these barriers and facilitators can contribute for planning strategies to be applied in interventions with long-lived physically inactive population, seeking behavior changes in order to adopt an active lifestyle that will provide more years of life with better functional capacity, health conditions and autonomy. / Objetivou-se, nesta pesquisa, analisar as percepções quanto às barreiras e os facilitadores para a prática de atividade física das idosas longevas inativas fisicamente, participantes dos Grupos de Convivência cadastrados na Prefeitura Municipal de Florianópolis-SC. Este estudo ocorreu em dois momentos: no primeiro, descritivo epidemiológico transversal, envolvendo 351 pessoas com 80 anos ou mais de idade frequentadoras dos 102 grupos de convivência do Município; e no segundo, qualitativo participante, envolvendo 30 idosas longevas inativas fisicamente, que participaram de 5 grupos focais, um para cada região da cidade (Centro, Leste, Sul, Norte e Continente). Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada uma entrevista estruturada, contendo: os dados sociodemográficos e de condições de saúde, o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física, versão longa e adaptada para idosos e o roteiro das questões norteadoras dos grupos focais. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva, bem como o teste de Qui-Quadrado (χ2) ou Exato de Fisher para a associação entre as características sociodemográficas e o nível de atividade física dos idosos. Os dados do grupo focal foram tratados pela análise de conteúdo temática. As idosas longevas inativas fisicamente perceberam mais barreiras (13) do que facilitadores (9) para a prática de atividades físicas. As principais barreiras foram: a limitação física, a falta de disposição, o excesso de cuidado da família, os exercícios físicos inadequados, as doenças, a falta de segurança, o casamento e cuidar dos filhos, nunca ter realizado atividades físicas no lazer, o medo de quedas e o aumento da idade. Os principais facilitadores foram: o prazer pela prática de atividade física, a socialização, os benefícios da atividade física, os exercícios físicos adequados, ter companhia para praticar atividades físicas e o programa de atividades físicas da Prefeitura Municipal de Florianópolis-SC. Concluiu-se que o conhecimento dessas barreiras e facilitadores pode contribuir para o planejamento de estratégias a serem aplicadas em intervenções com a população de idosas longevas inativas fisicamente, buscando modificações de comportamentos para a adoção de um estilo de vida ativo, que lhes proporcionará anos de vida com melhor capacidade funcional, condições de saúde e independência.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alvaro Braga de Moura Neto.pdf: 794476 bytes, checksum: e95db4d51b255980101fd944d5e7b24c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-24 / Physical inactivity (IF) appears associated with a number of chronic diseases, affecting people in all age groups and different social groups. When we focus on the working class, lack of information regarding the specificity of their work difficult to recognize risk factors for certain diseases or health hazards, especially when the outcome it is the level of IF in the fields of leisure and work. The recognition of the level of physical inactivity, particularly those working in urban public transport, is of great value in order to provide information to help governing bodies to create public policy measures that include improvements in both the workplace and health this population. Objective: To determine the level of IF and associated factors among drivers and conductors of public transport of the city of Pelotas / RS. Methodology: Cross-sectional study of character in the census the urban area of Pelotas. All drivers and collectors working in the transportation of the city of Pelotas / RS for study. Data collection will be made through pre-tested questionnaires and coded, with questions on socioeconomic, demographic, labor conditions and health (musculoskeletal problems, level of IF and minor psychiatric disorders). The instrument used to determine the level of IF is the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), leisure and travel sections in the application interview on the previous week, including questions regarding the frequency and duration of performing activities moderate physical, vigorous and walking. Minor psychiatric problems or minor mental illnesses will be identified by the SRQ-Self-Report Questionnaire, an instrument consisting of 20 questions (SRQ-20) that can be answered through self-report or interview. The identification of musculoskeletal problems is through the reference of pain or discomfort located in different physical locations, as recommended by Kuorinka et al. (1987). / A inatividade física (IF) apresenta-se associada a uma série de doenças crônicas, atingindo pessoas em todas faixas etárias e de diferentes grupos sociais. Quando focamos a classe trabalhadora, escassez de informações referentes à specificidade de seu trabalho dificultam o reconhecimento de fatores de risco para determinadas doenças ou agravos a saúde, principalmente quando o desfecho trata-se do nível de IF nos domínios de lazer e trabalho. O reconhecimento do nível de inatividade física, em especial daqueles que trabalham no transporte coletivo urbano, é de grande valia no sentido de fornecer informações que auxiliem órgãos gestores de políticas públicas a criarem medidas que contemplem melhorias, tanto no ambiente de trabalho como para a saúde dessa população. Objetivo: Determinar o nível de IF e fatores associados em motoristas e cobradores do transporte coletivo urbano da cidade de Pelotas/RS. Metodologia: Estudo transversal de caráter censitário na zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas-RS. Todos os motoristas e cobradores que trabalham no transporte coletivo urbano da cidade de Pelotas/RS participarão do estudo. A coleta de dados será realizada através de questionários pré-testados e codificados, contendo questões sobre variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, condições de trabalho e saúde (problemas musculoesqueléticos, nível de IF e transtornos psiquiátricos menores). O instrumento utilizado para determinar o nível de IF será a versão longa do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), nas seções lazer e deslocamento com a aplicação de entrevista referente à semana anterior, contendo perguntas em relação à frequência e duração da realização de atividades físicas moderadas, vigorosas e da caminhada. Os problemas psiquiátricos menores ou doenças psíquicas menores serão identificados por meio do SRQ- Self-Report Questionnaire, instrumento constituído de 20 perguntas (SRQ-20) que podem ser respondidas através de autopreenchimento ou de entrevista. A identificação dos problemas musculoesqueléticos será através da referência de dor ou mal-estar localizado nas diversas localizações corporais, conforme recomendação de Kuorinka et al. (1987).