The study aimed to analyze the format of the lactation curve and the implications on the average production of primiparous Jersey breed cows. Were used 3,531 registers of production from 620 cows, production registrations of cows with calving between 1986 and 2002 and first calving age between 20 and 48 months were used. Production records inferior of 2.0 Kg/day and superior of 38.0 Kg/day were eliminated, the collected production period started on the 3o day after calving and ended on the 305o totalizing 43 weeks of lactation. The parameters of the 15 tested models were estimated throughout non-linear regression (Gauss Newton method). The criteria to elect the best model were: medium square waste (QMR); absolute average deviation (DMA); best adjustment index; visual evaluation comparing the estimated and observed curves and graphs of the distribution of residuals. The model of Wood (1967) has satisfied the most the lactation curve of primiparous Jersey breed cows, presenting a curvilinear behavior with DMA of 0.49 and QMR of 24.93, index of 5.48, lower residual amplitude (between 0.3 and -0.5 Liters) and estimated curve suitable with the observed. Beyond being possible to calculate from its parameters the milk production at the lactation peak, the period of lactation peak and persistence, with 16.6 kg/day, 45 days, 61.11% respectively. The study also allowed the previous detection of errors or vantages on the management, selection or diseases that affects the dairy herd. / O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o formato da curva de lactação e suas implicações sobre a média de produção de leite de vacas primíparas da raça Jersey. Foram utilizados 3.531 registros de produção de 620 vacas, com partos entre 1986 e 2002 e idade ao primeiro parto entre 20 e 48 meses.Eliminaram-se registros de produção de leite inferiores a 2,0 kg/dia ou superiores a 38,0 kg/dia, o período de produção coletado iniciou ao3° dia após o parto e finalizou-se no 305° dia perfazendo as 43 semanas de lactação. Os parâmetros dos 15 modelos testados que convergiram foram estimados por meio de regressão não-linear (método de Gauss Newton). Os critérios para a escolha do melhor modelo foram: quadrado médio do resíduo (QMR); média dos desvios absolutos (DMA); índice de melhor ajuste; avaliação visual comparada entre as curvas estimada e observada e o gráfico de distribuição dos resíduos. O modelo de Wood (1967) foi o que mais satisfez a curva de lactação das vacas primíparas da raça Jersey, apresentando comportamento curvilíneo com DMA de 0,49, QMR de 24,93, índice de 5,48, menores amplitudes dos resíduos (entre 0,3 e -0,5 Litros) e curva estimada mais condizente com a observada. Além de ser possível calcular a partir de seus parâmetros a produção de leite no pico de lactação, tempo de pico e persistência, sendo 16,6 kg/dia, 45 dias, 61,11%, respectivamente. O estudo também permitiu auxiliar o produtor na detecção precoce de falhas ou vantagens no manejo, seleção ou doenças que acometam o rebanho leiteiro.

[pt] Os métodos de calibração absoluta para a determinação da atividade de radionuclídeos mais utilizados nos laboratórios de metrologia são o 4(Pi Beta - Gama) (contagem de coincidências), pico-soma (coincidência Gama - Gama ou X- Gama), o 4(PI,Gama) e o contagem em ângulo sólido definido.O método 4(PI Gama) é especialmente indicado na medição da atividade de radionuclídeos que apresentam esquema de decaimento complexo. Ele se baseia no cálculo da eficiência total do sistema de medição para um determinado radionuclídeo, através dos valores da eficiência total referente a cada raio gama do esquema de decaimento do mesmo radionuclídeo. Este cálculo é expresso, para um ramo do decaimento, pela equação: EpsilomT = 1 - Produtório ( 1 - EpsilomTi ) (Confirma símbolos no resumo na tese) , onde EpsilomT é a eficiência global para cada decaimento em cascata e EpsilomTi a eficiência total para cada transição gama da cascata. A equação completa leva em conta o número de ramos e a probabilidade de cada raio gama. Os (Confirmar os símbolos no resumo na tese)Ti são obtidos a partir da curva eficiência x energia do sistema.O método do pico- soma é aplicado na determinação da atividade para fontes emitindo pelo menos dois raios gama subsequentes. Neste trabalho é apresentado o procedimento experimental, após a implementação dos métodos 4(Pi Gama) e pico-soma no Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes - LNMRI, com a finalidade de expandir os serviços de fornecimento de fontes radioativas aos usuários, tanto em quantidade quanto em faixa de atividade ampliada.Os padrões radioativos utilizados no levantamento da curva de calibração eficiência total x energia, na aplicação do método pico-soma e na validação do método 4(Pi) foram: 241Am, 210Pb, 54Mn, 57 Co, 60Co , 109Cd, 113Sn, 134Cs, 137Cs, 139 Ce e 88Y. Para verificar o desempenho dos métodos implantados, foram calibrados os radionuclídeos: 139 Ce, 60Co, 88Y e 134Cs, e comparados com os valores padronizados com o sistema absoluto 4 (Pi beta - gama). Os resultados encontrados foram consistentes com os obtidos pelo método de padronização absoluta 4 (Pi beta - gama) . / [en] Among the absolute calibration methods for activity quantity of radionuclides the most used in the metrology laboratories are: the 4(Pi Beta - Gama) (coincidence counting), defined solid angle counting, sum-peak (or Gama - Gama coincidence) and 4(Pi Gama) method. The 4( Pi Gama) method is appropriate to measure the activity of radionuclides with complex decay scheme and its implementation at Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes, commissioned by INMETRO from 1989, will provide to the expansion of the jobs to supply the users by standard radioactive sources.The determination of activity can be made using calibration factor and/or the efficiency curve. For the implantation of this calibration method at LNMRI, after the selection of the detector and the electronic instrumentation, the attainment of the eficiency curve in function of gamma rays energy, standard sources with one or two peaks each were used. The method is based in (Epsilon)T = 1 - Produtórioi (1 - Ti) where EpsilonT is the total efficiency for each radionuclide and EpsilonTi is the efficiency for each gamma transition of this radionuclide. The detector selected was a 8``x 8`` well type NaI(Tl), with well dimensions 6`` deep and 3`` of diameter, from Harshaw The standards sources used are: Am-241, Pb-210, Mn-54, Co-57, Cd-109, Ce-139, Co-60, Na-22, Y-88 and Zn-65. The preliminary results are consistent with the literature.

Parmi les douzaines d’expériences qui visent à découvrir la matière sombre, l’expérience de détection directe PICO utilise des détecteurs à liquide surchauffé comme moyen pour s’y prendre. La chambre à bulle PICO-40L remplie de C3F8, présentement située dans le laboratoire sous-terrain SNOLAB, est en cours de test en vue d’une recherche aveugle de WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle) d’une durée de 1 an. Pour assurer la stabilité du détecteur pendant les périodes de préparation et pendant l’acquisition de données, un logiciel de surveillance a été écrit. Un moyen fiable de surveiller les paramètres importants du détecteur et d’envoyer des alarmes en cas d’urgence joue un rôle important à non seulement au succès de PICO-40L, mais aussi au développement du futur détecteur PICO-500. Située à l’Université de Montréal, la chambre à bulle PICO-0.1 a été conçue afin de calibrer les nombreux événements de fond qui se présentent dans ce type de détecteur. De plus, cette chambre à bulle a été utilisée comme première tentative au monde de mesurer la diffusion Thomson sur un noyau d’atome en exposant le détecteur rempli de C3F8 à une source de gamma produite par la réaction 19F proton à alpha et gamma 16O à l’aide d’un faisceau de protons crée par l’accélérateur de particules de l’Université de Montréal. Ce type d’interaction s’avérera à un événement de fond important pour les expériences de détection directe de matière sombre à bas seuil. / Amongst the dozens of experiments aiming to be the first to claim a dark matter signal, PICO is a direct dark matter detection experiment that utilizes superheated liquid detectors as a means of doing so. The latest C3F8 filled PICO-40L bubble chamber currently located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory is under testing to prepare for a 1 live-year blinded WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle) search. To ensure the stability of the detector during both the testing and the data acquisition phases, a monitoring software was coded. A reliable way to monitor all the parameters and to send alerts accordingly plays an important role in not only the success of PICO-40L, but also the development of the future larger-scale PICO-500 detector. PICO-0.1 is a test bubble chamber located at the University of Montreal that was built to calibrate for the numerous background events that can occur in this kind of technology. This test chamber was also used as a world’s first attempt to measure the coherent (Thomson) photon scattering onto a nucleus by exposing the C3F8 filled detector to a gamma source produced by the 19F proton to alpha and gamma 16O reaction using a proton beam created by the University of Montreal particle accelerator. This kind of interaction will prove to be a significant background for future sub-keV direct dark matter detection experiments.

No description available.

[pt] Projetos de infraestrutura de transporte de massa desempenham um importante papel no planejamento urbano das zonas urbanas, podendo influenciar na geração de crescimento econômico e o aumento do bemestar social. Entre as variadas opções de modos de transporte de massas existentes está o BRT, caracterizado por ser um sistema que requer um curto tempo de implementação, baixo custo de construção, e possui velocidade operacional e nível de capacidade médios. Em comparação com outros modos de transporte de maior capacidade, como trens e metrôs, o BRT é uma opção viável e atraente ao modo de transporte, dado o ritmo crescente de sua implementação em várias cidades ao redor do mundo nos últimos anos. Neste estudo, foi feita uma análise do corredor BRT TransOeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, sob a ótica da Teoria das Opções Reais, com o objetivo de avaliar o valor da opção de expandir a capacidade de passageiros transportados atualmente naquele corredor. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que a incorporação de estratégias interativas das Opções Reais, relativas às decisões de expansão da capacidade máxima de passageiros do corredor e de adiamento do exercício desta decisão, contribuíram para aumentar o valor esperado do projeto em 30,63 por cento. Além disso, foi observado que o aporte de recursos realizados pelo poder concedente contribuiu para aumentar o valor da opção real de expansão. / [en] Mass transportation infrastructure projects play an important role in the process of development of urban areas, leading to economic growth and increase of social welfare. Among the various existing types of transit modes is the BRT, which is characterized by being a system that requires a short time of implementation and a low cost of construction, operating in an medium level of operational speed and capacity. In comparison with other transit modes of higher capacity such as trains and subways, the BRT has shown to be a feasible and attractive alternative, as noted by the increasing pace of its implementation in many cities throughout the world in recent years. In this study, an analysis was made of the BRT TransOeste corridor in the city of Rio de Janeiro from the perspective of the Theory of Real Options in order to assess the value of the option of expanding passenger capacity in that corridor. The results suggest that the incorporation of interactive strategies of Real Options related to the decisions of expanding the maximum capacity of passengers and deferring this decision contributed to increase the expected value of the project by 30.63 percent. In addition, the contribution of the granting authority led to an increase in value of the real option.

Tesis por compendio / [EN] A series of biochemical reactions responsible for aroma, color, texture and flavour of the final product occur during the dry-cured ham processing. Among these reactions, proteolysis of muscle proteins is one of the most important, resulting in the generation of a large amount of peptides which could be used as quality markers of dry-cured ham. In this sense, proteomic techniques based on mass spectrometry have become a fundamental tool for the identification of peptides naturally generated throughout the dry-cured ham processing. So, the present Thesis has been focused on the study of the intense degradation of three proteins present in dry-cured ham: LIM domain-binding protein 3, ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein and titin protein, identifying the peptide sequences generated at different times along the process and evaluating their potential as markers of dry-cured ham processing time. Moreover, peptide oxidation that occurs during dry-curing process has been studied due to its importance on final quality of dry-cured ham as well as its influence on the nutrititional and sensory characteristics, showing oxidation of methionine residues in numerous peptides generated from the degradation of the major myofibrillar proteins. Besides the identification of peptidic sequences, recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques have allowed the precise quantitation of proteins in complex mixtures. So, a label-free methodology has been optimized for the relative quantitation of major sarcoplasmic proteins from the quantitation of the generated peptides and the study of the proteolytic degradation along the dry-cured ham processing. This methodology represents an advance regarding quantitative methods used to date as it allows a simple, accurate and reliable evaluation of changes in the abundance of proteins throughout the dry-cured ham processing. Several recent studies have been focused on the study of the potential of dry-cured ham as a source of bioactive peptides, mainly those showing angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. However, it is not clear whether these peptides are able to cross the intestinal barrier and reach the blood stream in an active form. Thus, in the present Thesis the transepithelial transport of dry-cured ham peptides having ACE inhibitory activity has been simulated through a Caco-2 cell monolayer, showing the absorption of intact peptides or fragments generated by the action of intestinal peptidases, which could exert an in vivo antihypertensive effect. / [ES] Durante el proceso de elaboración del jamón curado tienen lugar una serie de reacciones bioquímicas responsables del aroma, color, textura y sabor del producto final. Entre estas reacciones destaca la intensa proteolisis de las proteínas musculares, cuyo resultado es la generación de una gran cantidad de péptidos algunos de los cuales podrían ser utilizados como marcadores de calidad del jamón. En este sentido, las técnicas proteómicas basadas en espectrometría de masas son una herramienta fundamental para la identificación de los péptidos generados de manera natural a lo largo de proceso de elaboración del jamón curado. Así, la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha centrado en estudiar la intensa degradación de tres proteínas presentes en el jamón: la proteína 3 de unión al dominio LIM, la proteína ribosomal ubiquitina-60S y la proteína titina, identificando las secuencias de los péptidos generados a distintos tiempos durante el proceso y evaluando su potencial como marcadores del tiempo de curado del jamón. Además, se han estudiado los cambios oxidativos a nivel peptídico que tienen lugar durante el proceso de curado del jamón, cuya importancia radica en su efecto sobre la calidad y las características tanto nutricionales como sensoriales del producto final, evidenciando la oxidación del aminoácido metionina en numerosos péptidos generados a partir de las principales proteínas miofibrilares. Además de la identificación de las secuencias peptídicas, los recientes avances en técnicas de espectrometría de masas han permitido la cuantificación precisa de proteínas en muestras complejas. Así, se ha optimizado un método sin marcaje ("label-free") para la cuantificación relativa de las principales proteínas sarcoplásmicas a partir de la cuantificación de los péptidos generados y de esta forma estudiar la degradación proteolítica durante el proceso de elaboración del jamón curado. Esta metodología supone un avance respecto a los métodos cuantitativos utilizados hasta el momento ya que permite evaluar de manera sencilla, precisa y fiable los cambios en la abundancia de proteínas a lo largo del proceso de elaboración del jamón curado. Varios estudios recientes se han centrado en estudiar el potencial del jamón curado como fuente de péptidos bioactivos, principalmente aquellos que son inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina I (ECA). Sin embargo, no se conoce si estos péptidos son capaces de atravesar la barrera intestinal y alcanzar la corriente sanguínea en forma activa. Por ello, en la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha simulado el transporte intestinal mediante la utilización de células Caco-2 de péptidos del jamón inhibidores de la ECA, evidenciado la absorción de péptidos enteros, o fragmentos de los mismos generados por acción de las peptidasas intestinales, que podrían ejercer un efecto antihipertensivo in vivo. / [CA] Al llarg del procés d'elaboració del pernil curat tenen lloc una sèrie de reaccions bioquímiques responsables de l'aroma, color, textura i sabor del producte final. Entre aquestes reaccions destaca la intensa proteolisis de les proteïnes musculars, el resultat de la qual és la generació d'una gran quantitat de pèptids alguns dels quals podrien ser utilitzats com a marcadors de qualitat del pernil. En aquest sentit, les tècniques proteòmiques basades en espectrometria de masses són una ferramenta fonamental per a la identificació dels pèptids generats de manera natural al llarg de procés d'elaboració del pernil curat. Així, la present Tesi Doctoral s'ha centrat a estudiar la intensa degradació de tres proteïnes presents en el pernil: la proteïna 3 d'unió al domini LIM, la proteïna ribosomal ubiquitina-60S i la proteïna titina, identificant les seqüències dels pèptids generats a distints temps al llarg del procés i avaluant el seu potencial com a marcadors del temps de curat del pernil. A més, s'han estudiat els canvis oxidatius a nivell peptídic que tenen lloc durant el procés de curat del pernil, la importància dels quals radica en el seu efecte sobre la qualitat i les característiques tant nutricionals com sensorials del producte final, evidenciant l'oxidació de l'aminoàcid metionina en nombrosos pèptids generats a partir de les principals proteïnes miofibrilars. A més de la identificació de les seqüències peptídiques, els recents avanços en tècniques d'espectrometria de masses han permés la quantificació precisa de proteïnes en mostres complexes. Així, s'ha optimitzat un mètode sense marcatge ("label-free") per a la quantificació relativa de les principals proteïnes sarcoplàsmiques a partir de la quantificació dels pèptids generats i d'esta manera estudiar la degradació proteolítica durant el procés d'elaboració del pernil curat. Esta metodologia suposa un avanç respecte als mètodes quantitatius utilitzats fins al moment ja que permet avaluar de manera senzilla, precisa i fiable els canvis en l'abundància de proteïnes al llarg del procés d'elaboració del pernil curat. Diversos estudis recents s'han centrat en estudiar el potencial del pernil curat com a font de pèptids bioactius, principalment aquells que són inhibidors de l'enzim convertidor d'angiotensina I (ECA). No obstant això, no es coneix si aquests pèptids són capaços de travessar la barrera intestinal i arrivar al corrent sanguini en forma activa. Per això, en la present Tesi Doctoral s'ha simulat el transport intestinal mitjançant l'utilització de cèl·lules Caco-2 amb pèptids del pernil inhibidors de l'ECA, evidenciant l'absorció de pèptids sencers, o fragments generats per acció de les peptidases intestinals, que podrien exercir un efecte antihipertensiu in vivo. / Gallego Ibáñez, M. (2015). PÉPTIDOS GENERADOS EN JAMÓN CURADO COMO MARCADORES DE CALIDAD [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/55506 / TESIS / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales / Compendio

<p>  </p> <p>This research evaluates Kidney Health Initiative's (KHI)   four kidney replacement therapy (KRT) technology priority groups in the roadmap:</p> <p>1) Literature review of technology citations for each of the four KHI priority groups for safety and efficacy data with a patient centered focus. Additionally, the incorporation and integration of KHI minimum technical design criteria in six areas into the development process.</p> <p>2) Clinical PICO analysis of the critical clinical outcomes that the discovery and innovation from the specific technology priority group addresses</p> <p>3) Critical evaluation of KRT technologies on patients with ESKD by expert clinicians and scientists in KRT through Delphi method with targeted questionnaires</p>

The advent of Internet based digital services, and bandwidth-intensive business and personal applications has necessitated deployment of broadband network access technologies. Research analysts project that the U.S. market for broadband wireless networking will grow to nearly $2 billion by 2004 and Local Multipoint Distribution Services (LMDS) have enormous potential to emerge as the most reliable and cost-effective solution. However, in order to design and deploy LMDS systems, it is vital for system designers to be able to predict the behavior of mm-waves (28, 38 and 60GHz) during different weather conditions, especially rain. This research attempts to characterize the performance of pico-cell scenario broadband wireless channels by measuring path loss statistics during different weather conditions. Hardware and software components of a wideband direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSS) channel sounding system, used extensively throughout measurement campaigns, are discussed in detail in this dissertation. The measurement plan comprehensively describes the methodology, logistics, equipment setup, and calibration procedures for propagation measurement campaigns. Power Delay Profile (PDP) snapshots recorded during measurement campaigns are thoroughly analyzed using the 'Channel Imaging Analysis Suite' and Path Loss as well as Rain Attenuation statistics, calculated from recorded PDP data files, are classified and tabulated on the basis of measurement locations, propagation frequencies and antenna polarizations. Path Loss Exponent values are also calculated and Rain Attenuation statistics are compared with popular rain models. Results from Frequency Diversity measurement campaigns are also presented. / Master of Science

No description available.

To open a different perspective on the still-discussed difference between Christian religion and magic is the task of this work. In order to reach the end successfully, that is, the fourth part of this thesis, which deals with the principle of sanctity in the Catholic Church, it was necessary to first develop the following three blocks. 1) Religious-anthropological analysis of magic ? in this part we summarize basic anthropological views on magic according to the individual researchers J.G. Frazer, E.B. Taylor, R.R. Marett, B. Malinowski, and E. de Martino. The subject of this section was the analysis of animism and the inner power of creation. 2) Magic as a part of religion ? in which we analysed the content of the concept of magic, the area where it came from, and how it was perceived in the environment of the Mediterranean European culture of ancient Rome, and how magic was discredited in the ancient "pagan" and Christian environment. 3) The interest of the sages in the phenomenon of magic ? has created a space for the issue of the magic of "barbaric" tribes, whose faith traditions have become a legitimate part of the Catholic faith. This section has also developed a "story of overly" peculiar magic adepts of the "restored" Renaissance Platonic Academy, in which M. Ficino and P. della Mirandola worked. We paid more attention to their life stories and work, for they themselves stood at the birth of an "institutional" association in the area of a sort of "applied" magism in the form of esoteric neoplatonism, hermetism, and theururgy. At this point we also found the historical model of the later Czech hermetic society Universalia, which we mentioned at the end of the work. 4) Ex opere operato et ex opere operantis ? it represents the peak of our work, opening a whole new discussion in the critique of magic and religion. Magic and Christian religion have a common root, they co-exist side by side, complement each other, and even blend in some areas of universal piety as conditions of one and the same Catholic faith.