Vi lever i en allt mer globaliserad värld som medfört en ökad frihet för individer att röra sig mellan länder, regioner, städer, byar eller landsbygder. Det har bidragit till att individer kan tillskriva sig flera identiteter utifrån upplevelsen av olika kulturer och platser. Individens identifiering med en plats kan ha betydelse för hur hen ser på att flytta ifrån platsen till en ny plats. Syftet med studien är att få en förståelse för om och hur individer som inte är födda i Sverige identifierar sig med olika geografiska platser där de bott, hur det anknyter till deras identitet och vilken betydelse det kan ha för att byta boendeort i Sverige. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom åtta djupintervjuer med individer som inte är födda i Sverige men som är bosatta i landet. Resultatet visar att individerna inte identifierar sig med sina nuvarande bostadsorter framförallt eftersom de saknar ett arbete och identifierar sig som immigranter. De har en kulturell bakgrund med sig och majoriteten har fortfarande en stark förankring med sina födelseländer vilket har format deras identitet, samtidigt som de försöker förhålla sig till den nya kulturen. Samtliga intervjupersoner uppger att de är beredda att flytta ifrån sina nuvarande bostadsorter om de får ett arbete någon annanstans eftersom de inte ser en framtid där på grund av avsaknaden av arbete. Utifrån deras beskrivningar kan det tolkas som att de har svagare band och en svagare förankring till sina nuvarande bostadsorter, och att det inte finns några motstånd eller hinder för hur de förhåller sig till att flytta. Det är något som kan gynna kompetensförsörjningen i de norra delarna av Sverige där det finns ett stort behov av arbetskraft till följd av de stora företagsetableringar som sker. / We are living in an increasingly globalized world that has led to an increased freedom for individuals to move between countries, regions, cities, villages, or rural areas. It has contributed to individuals being able to attribute multiple identities based on the experience of different cultures and places. The individual’s identification with a place can have an impact on how he or she feels about moving from that place to a new place. The aim of the study is to contribute to a deeper understanding of whether and how individuals who were not born in Sweden identify themselves with different geographical locations where they have lived, how it relates to their identity and what significance it may have to change place of residence in Sweden. The empirical material has been collected through eight in-depth interviews with individuals who live in Sweden but who were not born in Sweden. The result shows that the individuals do not identify themselves with their current places of residence, primarily because they are unemployed and because they feel and identify themselves as immigrants. They have a cultural background and the majority have strong ties with their native countries which has shaped their identity and they try to relate to the new culture. All interviewees state that they are prepared to move from their current places of residence if they get at job elsewhere because they do not see a future where they live today due to the lack of work. Based on their descriptions, it can be interpreted that they have less ties and attachment to their current places of residences, and that there is no resistance or obstructions in how they relate to move to a new place. This is something that the northern parts of Sweden can consider in their working process with attracting labor because of the large company establishments in the area.

Syftet med denna undersökning är att se hur tidigare bruksorter arbetar för en fortsatt utveckling efter en tid av avindustrialisering. För att undersöka detta gjordes en fallstudie med Åtvidaberg kommun som studieobjekt. Tanken var att finna vilka utmaningar och möjligheter som en sådan ort har i att få en fortsatt utveckling samt vilka metoder som kan användas. Det teoretiska ramverket för studien består av fyra begrepp: platsmarknadsföring, platsidentitet, platsvarumärke och platsbild. Dessa begrepp används för att förstå de metoder som användes i utvecklingen. Studien genomfördes huvudsakligen genom 6 intervjuer samt analys av kommunala plandokument. Det huvudsakliga resultatet från studien är att Åtvidaberg kommun förlitar sig mycket på den större grannkommunen för bland annat arbetstillfällen medan deras egna fokus läggs på att utveckla bostadsmöjligheter. Åtvidaberg kommun spelar an på deras goda läge genom att försöka skapa en platsbild som god pendlingsort. Vidare använder Åtvidaberg kommun sitt industriella kulturarv för att behålla sin egen platsidentitet genom att lyfta upp det i olika sammanhang däribland skolan och kulturverksamhet. / The purpose of this study is to see how former company towns work for continued development after a period of deindustrialization. To study this, a case study was conducted with Åtvidaberg municipality as the study object. The idea was to find what challenges and opportunities such a place has in achieving continued development and what methods can be used. The theoretical framework for the study consists of four concepts: place marketing, place identity, place brand and place image. These concepts are used to understand the methods used in development. The study was mainly carried out through 6 interviews and analysis of municipal planning documents. The main result from the study is that Åtvidaberg municipality relies heavily on the larger neighbouring municipality for, among other things, job opportunities, while their own focus is on developing housing opportunities. Åtvidaberg municipality plays on their good location by trying to create an image of the place as a good commuting location. Furthermore, Åtvidaberg municipality uses its industrial cultural heritage to maintain its own place identity by highlighting it in various contexts including the school and cultural activities.

本研究透過文獻分析法、參與觀察法、深度訪談，嘗試理解目前以文化經濟作為治理與地方發展的臺北客家義民嘉年華中，如何進行客家認同的打造，並與1980年代他者建構的客家認同有何不同。而本文理論視角強調該族群節慶如何透過文化經濟模式，進行治理、地方發展，與客家認同的建構。 研究分析指出以下四點：第一、藉由行動者間的治理關係分析，第三部門的行動者在對公部門與私部門具有曖昧的關係，從中顯示了資源的進入與領導權的爭奪，造成關係的質變；第二、透過Ray文化經濟四模式分析地方發展模式，文化展演將臺北客家義民嘉年華展現客家為兼容的「多元」文化、「殊異」於現代都會的文化慶典，成為擴大非客家族群參與的策略；第三、本研究特殊在於，透過區分對內部行動者與對外非客家族群，不同對象的地方認同上具有不同的指涉與操演。如內部行動者涉及原鄉與臺北的地方認同，而對非客家族群，則是將臺北形塑為「多元族群融合」的地方，以啟動其地方認同；第四、在這樣地方認同的操演機制下，透過節慶，乃是建構義民爺代表的忠勇精神作為客家精神與文化傳承的族群形象。 / By conducting document analysis, participant observation, and in-depth interviews, this thesis focuses on the context where cultural economy serves as governance and local development. This study analyes the formation of Hakka identity in the cultural economy of Taipei Hakka Yimin Festival which is different from that in 1980s. The main findings of this thesis center on the following: Firstly, from the perspective of “governance”, due to resources and competition for leadership, the relationships among third sector, public sector, private sector are ambiguous. Secondly, using the four models of cultural economy from Ray to analyze local development, this study identifies that cultural performance is used to construct Taipei Hakka Yimin Festival as a multi-culture which shows compatible of Hakka culture and a festival which is distinct from modern city. And using these features to attract participation of non-Hakka. Thirdly, through distinguishing insider of actors and outsider of non-Hakka, there have different place identity logic to different target. To insider, place identity refers to hometown and Taipei place identity. To outsider, by constructing Taipei as a multi ethnic city is a way to active place identity. Lastly, in demonstration of place identity, the festival is used to build an ethic image which implies the spirit of Yimin as brave and loyalty are seen as Hakka spirit and cultural heritage.

Syfte och Forskningsfråga Följande flerfallsstudie behandlar relationen mellan fenomenet filmturism och destinationsvarumärken. Utifrån fenomenet ställer studien frågan vilka förutsättningar film skapar för uppbyggnad av destinationsvarumärken. Syftet med studien är därmed att göra en inventering av destinationers möjligheter och begränsningar vid varumärkesbyggande vid filmturism.   Metod Flerfallsstudien har härletts ur en deduktiv ansats, där tre fall har utgjort analysobjekt. Insamling av empirisk data har skett genom fem intervjuer med informanter knutna till studiens fall där turismaktörens perspektiv representeras. De tre studerade fallen har utgjorts av Ystad med filmerna om Wallander, Skopelos med filmen Mamma Mia! och Arendal med filmen Frozen. En andra metod som genomförts är webbaserad enkätundersökning med 161 respondenter som representerar turistens perspektiv.   Resultat och Slutsats Studien har kunnat visa på vilket sätt fallen arbetar med sina destinationsvarumärken och vilken påverkan filmerna haft på destinationerna. Det har även framgått att flera förutsättningar uppstått som går att arbeta med vid uppbyggnad av destinationsvarumärken. Slutligen har ett tydligt band mellan film och destination identifierats inom studiens fall och även att redan existerande förutsättningar som funnits på destinationerna är av vikt vid etablering av filmturism. En slutsats som har dragits är att förutsättningar för varumärkesbyggande av destinationer är komplexa och kan påverkas av faktorer som gör varje destinations förutsättningar unika. Studien har kunnat visa på att filmturism inte är ett passivt marknadsföringsverktyg utan måste aktivt arbetas med för att bygga upp destinationens varumärke. / Purpose and research question The following multiple case study is treating the relationship between the phenomena of film tourism and destination branding. Within the subject, the thesis is asking the question which prerequisites films creates for building destination brands. The purpose of the study is therefore to do an inventory of destinations possibilities and limitations when building a brand through film tourism.   Method The study has been carried out with a deductive approach, where three cases has been the objects for analysis. Gathering of empirical data has been done by conducting five interviews with informants bound to the cases, representing the tourism actors perspective. The three cases of the study is Ystad with the movies about Wallander, Skopelos with the movie Mamma Mia! and Arendal with the movie Frozen. A second method which has been conducted is a web-based survey with 161 respondents, representing the perspective of the tourist.   Result and Conclusions The study has shown in what ways the cases are working with destination brands and which impact the films has made on the destinations. Findings has also been found in how multiple prerequisites has emerged, which can be used in the work with building a destination brand. As a conclusion, a clear bond between a film and a destination has been identified within the cases of the study, and also how the already existing prerequisites at the destinations is of importance when establishing film tourism. A conclusion which has been drawn is how prerequisites for building a destination brand, are complex and can be influenced by factors which makes every destination’s prerequisites unique. The study has shown how a film is not a passive tool for marketing, but has to be used actively by destinations to build a brand.

Place identity changes and transforms in relation with changing social conditions and physical environment. Social conditions change the place identity by changing people&rsquo / s perceptions and experiences in the space, while, at the same time, they are affected by these perceptions and experiences. Thus, place identity is in a state of flux in time with individuals, objects and societies. This thesis aims to study the evolving identity of public spaces by focusing on the case of Ankara, specifically the example of G&uuml / ven Park which was developed as a part of the public space strategy of creating a modern, westernized and secular capital city of newly-founded Turkish Republic. Therefore, as far as Ankara is concerned, beside &lsquo / place identity&rsquo / , the notion of &lsquo / national identity&rsquo / becomes prominent. This research examines the changes in the identity of G&uuml / ven Park in relation to the shifts in the identity of Ankara, and the analyses on the public space are carried out regarding three criteria -form or physical setting, activities and meanings attached to the public space- in different time periods.

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The relation between place attachment and pro-environmental behaviour has not been thoroughly examined. Of the few studies to have investigated this, findings conflict (Uzzell, Pol, & Badenas, 2002; Vaske & Kobrin, 2001). Possibly, these inconsistencies relate to the definition of place attachment. The current study distinguished two dimensions of place attachment: social-symbolic (civic), and physical-natural. Data were collected from 104 community members in two proximate towns. Participants indicated their levels of natural and civic attachment, evaluated the current and future local environmental quality, and reported their pro-environmental behaviours. Greater place attachment was associated with more positive current evaluations in Trail. Surprisingly, environmental evaluations did not predict pro-environmental behaviour in either town. Both types of place attachment predicted pro-environmental behaviour in Nelson, but in Trail, only natural attachment was significant. Thus, for different cities, different types of place attachment will predict pro-environmental behaviour. Implications and directions for further research are discussed.

The relation between place attachment and pro-environmental behaviour has not been thoroughly examined. Of the few studies to have investigated this, findings conflict (Uzzell, Pol, & Badenas, 2002; Vaske & Kobrin, 2001). Possibly, these inconsistencies relate to the definition of place attachment. The current study distinguished two dimensions of place attachment: social-symbolic (civic), and physical-natural. Data were collected from 104 community members in two proximate towns. Participants indicated their levels of natural and civic attachment, evaluated the current and future local environmental quality, and reported their pro-environmental behaviours. Greater place attachment was associated with more positive current evaluations in Trail. Surprisingly, environmental evaluations did not predict pro-environmental behaviour in either town. Both types of place attachment predicted pro-environmental behaviour in Nelson, but in Trail, only natural attachment was significant. Thus, for different cities, different types of place attachment will predict pro-environmental behaviour. Implications and directions for further research are discussed.

Although youth tourism is an increasingly relevant subject little research have been done regarding the segment’s own perception of their impacts. A consumer perspective was assumed to examine in what ways youth tourism impact places. This study adopts a deductive approach reviewing existing literature regarding youth tourism, impact and place. A case study concerning how youth travellers perceive and evaluate their own impacts was conducted using mixed-methods. Data sources include a survey and in-depth interviews concerning sociocultural, economic, and environmental items. The study concludes that what impacts youth tourism has on places are subject to the place’s current state and ability to host youth travellers. The number of youth travellers and their behaviour determines the local and global sociocultural, economic and environmental impacts that youth tourism has on places. This paper is considered a pre-study that contributes to the development of theory regarding youth tourism.

This paper examines some processes behind the creation of place identity and place attachment using a broad theoretical framework. The framework is structured around the creation of space and place, followed by theories and models on how places are given identity and finally some possible effects of place identity. These theories are then used to examine place identity formation among residents and real estate agents in Hammarby Sjöstad, a newly developed urban residential area in Stockholm, Sweden. A total of 5 in depth interviews were carried out with local residents in different parts of the residential area, as well as 3 in depth interviews with real estate agents active in different parts of the area. The interviews were transcribed and analysed in relation to the theoretical framework as well as documents relating to the planning of the area. The study shows that there has formed a local identity in Hammarby Sjöstad, not defined by the administrative borders of the area. The perceived extent of the area most probably stem from that the lake Hammarby Sjö acts as a physical barrier between the area and the rest of the inner city. This might be the reason to the evolution of a defined perceived community there. The effects of this could be a contributing factor in the segregation that is evident in urban areas, which calls for attention to the possible effects of place identity in urban planning.