O foco deste trabalho consiste na avaliação do debate entre os economistas sobre a implementação do II PND, identificado como o principal tema de discussão durante a década de 70. A implementação desta audaciosa estratégia desenvolvimentista, em um ambiente de grave instabilidade econômica, gerou naquele momento um amplo debate entre os economistas. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram que esta controvérsia, no entanto, diferentemente do que comumente se afirma, não estava centrada em uma discussão de ajuste estrutural versus conjuntural, pelo contrário. Para os defensores da estratégia, o plano encontrava-se inserido no “modelo brasileiro de desenvolvimento" e seria adotado independentemente da crise do petróleo. De outro lado, para os economistas críticos, existem dois conjuntos bem definidos de avaliações. Há os que avaliam a crise da economia brasileira como a fase descendente do ciclo econômico e, assim, o II PND seria incapaz de reverter a crise. Para o segundo grupo, embora concordem com os diagnósticos dos problemas econômicos brasileiros feitos no II PND, havia fortes criticas às metas propostas, à implementação efetiva e aos seus reais objetivos políticos de legitimação do regime autoritário. / The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the economic debate about of II PND, identified as the principal theme of discussion during the seventies decade. The execution of this audacious development strategy, in a serious instability economic moment, produced an extensive debate among the economists. The result of this research show that this controversy, unlike of the common sense, was not focused in the discussion of structural versus conjuncture adjustment. On the contrary, for the defenders of that strategy, the project was inserted in the “development Brazilian model" and would be adopted in despite of petrol crisis. On the other hand, for the critical economists, there was two well defined sets of evaluations. The first group evaluated the Brazilian economic crisis as a descending economic cycle phase and, therefore, the II PND would not be able to revert the crisis. For the second group, although they agreed with the diagnosis of the Brazilian economic problems done by II PND, there as strong criticisms against the proposed goals to effective execution measures and to the real political objectives to the legalization of the authoritarian regimen.

<p>Abstract</p><p>My purpose of the investigation is to enter deeply into the knowledge of the Individual plan of the development and to examine how teachers, pupils and parents look at the Individual plan of the development and the purpose of the Individual plan of the development in school. My question of the main problem in this investigation was to examine the expectation on the Individual plan of the development from teachers, pupils and parents and if the Individual plan of the development has been influence the cooperation of parents and the influence of the pupils also how and if teachers, pupils and parents apprehend some kinds of changes.</p><p>The review of the literature begin with a closer study about our document of control, witch are the curriculum of the compulsory school (Lpo 94), The National Agency for Education General Advice for the Individual plan of the development (2005), a study of the development of the cooperation of the parents and the influence of the pupils under the years of research about it.</p><p>I have in my investigation used qualitative interview in different forms like the ordinary interview, interview on telephone and focussed group interview with teachers, pupils and parents. The result of my conclusion from the investigation is that the information and the knowledge of the Individual plan of the development are important to be able to increase the influence from the pupils and a different cooperation from the parents in the development of the school with the Individual plan of the development. My examination is small and not generalised but I believe that it still can represent the attitude of the Individual plan of the development. The consequence of the investigation shows that pupils and parents have vague idea of the Individual plan of the development. The teacher show three widely, differing opinions of expectation of the Individual plan of the development.</p><p>Keyconfusion: Individual plan of the development, teacher, influence of the pupils, cooperation of the parents.</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Mitt syfte med undersökningen är att fördjupa kunskaperna om IUP och undersöka hur lärare, elever och föräldrar ser på IUP, samt den Individuella utvecklingsplanens syfte i skolan.</p><p>Min problemformulering är att undersöka förväntningar på IUP från lärare, elever och föräldrar om IUP har påverkat föräldrasamverkan och elevinflytande samt hur och om lärare, elever och föräldrar uppfattar några förändringar.</p><p>Litteraturgenomgången inleds med en närmare studie kring våra styrdokument, det vill säga läroplanen för det obligatoriska skolväsendet (Lpo94), Skolverkets Allmänna råd för Individuella utvecklingsplaner (2005), en studie av utvecklingen av föräldrasamverkan och elevinflytande under åren samt forskningen om det.</p><p>Jag har i min undersökning använt kvalitativ intervju i olika former såsom vanliga intervjuer, telefonintervjuer och fokuserade gruppintervjuer med lärare, elever samt föräldrar.</p><p>Mina slutsatser från min undersökning är att informationen och kunskapen om IUP är viktig för att få ett ökat inflytande från elever samt en förändrad samverkan från föräldrar i skolans utvecklingsarbete med de Individuella utvecklingsplanerna. Mitt arbete är litet och inte generaliserbart men jag tror att det ändå kan representera synpunkter på IUP.</p><p>Resultatet visar att elever och föräldrar har vaga föreställningar om IUP. Läraren visar tre vitt skilda perspektiv på förväntningar över IUP.</p><p>Nyckelbegrepp: Individuell utvecklingsplan, lärare, elevinflytande, föräldrasamverkan</p>

Abstract My purpose of the investigation is to enter deeply into the knowledge of the Individual plan of the development and to examine how teachers, pupils and parents look at the Individual plan of the development and the purpose of the Individual plan of the development in school. My question of the main problem in this investigation was to examine the expectation on the Individual plan of the development from teachers, pupils and parents and if the Individual plan of the development has been influence the cooperation of parents and the influence of the pupils also how and if teachers, pupils and parents apprehend some kinds of changes. The review of the literature begin with a closer study about our document of control, witch are the curriculum of the compulsory school (Lpo 94), The National Agency for Education General Advice for the Individual plan of the development (2005), a study of the development of the cooperation of the parents and the influence of the pupils under the years of research about it. I have in my investigation used qualitative interview in different forms like the ordinary interview, interview on telephone and focussed group interview with teachers, pupils and parents. The result of my conclusion from the investigation is that the information and the knowledge of the Individual plan of the development are important to be able to increase the influence from the pupils and a different cooperation from the parents in the development of the school with the Individual plan of the development. My examination is small and not generalised but I believe that it still can represent the attitude of the Individual plan of the development. The consequence of the investigation shows that pupils and parents have vague idea of the Individual plan of the development. The teacher show three widely, differing opinions of expectation of the Individual plan of the development. Keyconfusion: Individual plan of the development, teacher, influence of the pupils, cooperation of the parents. / Sammanfattning Mitt syfte med undersökningen är att fördjupa kunskaperna om IUP och undersöka hur lärare, elever och föräldrar ser på IUP, samt den Individuella utvecklingsplanens syfte i skolan. Min problemformulering är att undersöka förväntningar på IUP från lärare, elever och föräldrar om IUP har påverkat föräldrasamverkan och elevinflytande samt hur och om lärare, elever och föräldrar uppfattar några förändringar. Litteraturgenomgången inleds med en närmare studie kring våra styrdokument, det vill säga läroplanen för det obligatoriska skolväsendet (Lpo94), Skolverkets Allmänna råd för Individuella utvecklingsplaner (2005), en studie av utvecklingen av föräldrasamverkan och elevinflytande under åren samt forskningen om det. Jag har i min undersökning använt kvalitativ intervju i olika former såsom vanliga intervjuer, telefonintervjuer och fokuserade gruppintervjuer med lärare, elever samt föräldrar. Mina slutsatser från min undersökning är att informationen och kunskapen om IUP är viktig för att få ett ökat inflytande från elever samt en förändrad samverkan från föräldrar i skolans utvecklingsarbete med de Individuella utvecklingsplanerna. Mitt arbete är litet och inte generaliserbart men jag tror att det ändå kan representera synpunkter på IUP. Resultatet visar att elever och föräldrar har vaga föreställningar om IUP. Läraren visar tre vitt skilda perspektiv på förväntningar över IUP. Nyckelbegrepp: Individuell utvecklingsplan, lärare, elevinflytande, föräldrasamverkan

This research examines the form of the process of city growth. Empirical research was undertaken on the capital city of the state of Alagoas from its Structural Development Plan in 1981 until the year 2000. The research also explores the relation between the actually existing city during that period and the urban policy which regulated the process of city expansion at that time. It reviews writings on Brazilian urban process, asking about the physical forms and types that have been taking all over the country. It then poposes that the extensive and intensive processes of territorial urban growth in brazilian cities can be described by three physical forms and seven related types. The empirical research was based on the description and analysis of government planning and statistic documents. It has built a series of original tables and graphic schemes based on published oficial maps and zooning documents to identify and asses the trends in the physical growth of the city of Maceio during 20 years. It asks to what extent the actual realization of the Structural Plan coincides with the resulting city. It is shown that the development of physical Maceió, between 1981 and 2000, was a result of a mix of forms and types of territorial growth as proposed by the Structural Development Plan. However the end results differ from the Plan in the intensity of each form and related type when different parts of the city are considered. In summary, the Plan consolidates those forms-types that already existed in the city as a nonplanning tendency at 1980. However it failed to provide provision for other forms-types of physical expansion of the city that in fact occurred throughout the period studied. Accordingly the shape of the process of physical growth of the city of Maceió between 1980 and 2000 did not occur in the way that the Plan provided. / O objetivo desta dissertação é caracterizar a forma do processo de expansão urbana na cidade de Maceió, capital do Estado de Alagoas, objeto empírico desta pesquisa, a partir do Plano de Desenvolvimento de Maceió (PDM, 1981) até o ano de 2000. Explora-se também a relação entre o crescimento territorial resultante neste período e a legislação urbanística, no caso o PDM (1981), que regulava o processo de organização da expansão da cidade. Por meio da revisão de literatura discute-se o processo de expansão urbana no Brasil, suas formas e tipos associados. Propõe-se assim uma síntese dos processos de crescimento territorial urbano, extensivo e intensivo, descrita por meio de três formas – ampliação do perímetro urbano, parcelamento do solo e ampliação da mancha edificada, e sete tipos – soma de novas áreas à mancha urbana; anéis concêntricos; dispersão urbana; difusão urbana; tentacular; central e periférico. Para a descrição e análise do processo de expansão da cidade de Maceió e da sua relação com os instrumentos de planejamento existentes, a análise de documentos oficiais e de dados estatísticos permitiu a construção de representações gráficas temáticas e de quadros sínteses com informações sobre a distribuição populacional e o uso e ocupação do solo da cidade no período em estudo. Discute-se assim o crescimento territorial urbano de fato com aquele previsto pelo PDM (1981), apresentando as formas-tipos de crescimento que o instrumento-plano previu e comparando aquela previsão, por meio da técnica de elaboração de cenários, com o processo de crescimento territorial como ele se realizou de fato. Conclui-se que a expansão do tecido urbano de Maceió, entre 1981 e 2000, caracteriza-se por um mix de formas e tipos de crescimento territorial, nos moldes previstos pelo Plano, mesmo que de maneira indireta. No entanto a intensidade com que cada forma e tipo aparecem no instrumento de planejamento e ocorrem de fato no tecido da cidade são distintas. Em parte, o PDM consolida as formas-tipos que já existiam como tendência não planejada em 1980: o crescimento extensivo por difusão urbana e o crescimento intensivo periférico. Entretanto não consegue prever as formas-tipos que de fato ocorreram nos 20 anos subsequentes a sua aprovação: o crescimento extensivo por dispersão urbana e o crescimento extensivo tentacular. Em síntese as previsões do PDM (1981) confirmam-se nas tendências já consolidadas em 1980, limitando-se a elas. Neste sentido, o processo de crescimento territorial urbano de Maceió entre 1980 e 2000, como se realizou de fato, não ocorreu integralmente como previsto no Plano.

Cílem této diplomové práce je návrh rozvoje obchodních aktivit vybrané společnosti. Práce obsahuje podrobné analýzy vnějšího a vnitřního prostředí společnosti, které jsou následně shrnuty a vyhodnoceny ve SWOT analýze. Na základě výstupů z provedené analýze jsou vypracovány návrhy pro rozvoj obchodních aktivit za použití Lean Startup metodiky. Uskutečnění popsaných návrhů povede ke zvýšení tržeb a konkurenceschopnosti společnosti na trhu.

O foco deste trabalho consiste na avaliação do debate entre os economistas sobre a implementação do II PND, identificado como o principal tema de discussão durante a década de 70. A implementação desta audaciosa estratégia desenvolvimentista, em um ambiente de grave instabilidade econômica, gerou naquele momento um amplo debate entre os economistas. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram que esta controvérsia, no entanto, diferentemente do que comumente se afirma, não estava centrada em uma discussão de ajuste estrutural versus conjuntural, pelo contrário. Para os defensores da estratégia, o plano encontrava-se inserido no “modelo brasileiro de desenvolvimento” e seria adotado independentemente da crise do petróleo. De outro lado, para os economistas críticos, existem dois conjuntos bem definidos de avaliações. Há os que avaliam a crise da economia brasileira como a fase descendente do ciclo econômico e, assim, o II PND seria incapaz de reverter a crise. Para o segundo grupo, embora concordem com os diagnósticos dos problemas econômicos brasileiros feitos no II PND, havia fortes criticas às metas propostas, à implementação efetiva e aos seus reais objetivos políticos de legitimação do regime autoritário. / The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the economic debate about of II PND, identified as the principal theme of discussion during the seventies decade. The execution of this audacious development strategy, in a serious instability economic moment, produced an extensive debate among the economists. The result of this research show that this controversy, unlike of the common sense, was not focused in the discussion of structural versus conjuncture adjustment. On the contrary, for the defenders of that strategy, the project was inserted in the “development Brazilian model” and would be adopted in despite of petrol crisis. On the other hand, for the critical economists, there was two well defined sets of evaluations. The first group evaluated the Brazilian economic crisis as a descending economic cycle phase and, therefore, the II PND would not be able to revert the crisis. For the second group, although they agreed with the diagnosis of the Brazilian economic problems done by II PND, there as strong criticisms against the proposed goals to effective execution measures and to the real political objectives to the legalization of the authoritarian regimen.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T13:54:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carlene moreira.pdf: 543286 bytes, checksum: 0d11f21403bb55dca0e23c0219dbfc19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-14 / The organization of the work pedagogic work front to the changes happened in the world of the work. Intense transformations in the economical, politics and social relationships, emerged in the word are approached, mainly from middles of the decade of seventy, with the exhaustion of the "paltern" of effective capitalist accumulation and the new strategies of the capital to recompose the profit tax. The productive restructuring, the new organization forms and administration of the work, the globalization and the neoliberal idealism are focused. The education is apprehended in the context of the present time describing the tendencies that they are configured in the Brazilian reality, in the face of resignification of the capital. Changes in the world of the work and the impacts in the organization of the pedagogic work are analyzed in the school unit with the implementation of the Plan of Development of the School that aims at to the modernization of the school administration and the invigoration of the autonomy of the school, through the adoption of rules of strategic planning. The Plan of Development of the School is showed, in contextual form, as organization strategy and school administration, possessing as empiric references the state schools of the teaching Marly Sarney Integrated Unit and Joaquim Aroso Integrated Unit. / A organização do trabalho pedagógico frente às mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho. Abordam-se as intensas transformações nas relações econômicas, políticas e sociais vivenciadas mundialmente, principalmente a partir de meados da década de setenta, com o esgotamento do padrão de acumulação capitalista vigente e as novas estratégias do capital para recompor sua taxa de lucro. Enfocam-se a reestruturação produtiva, as novas formas de organização e gestão do trabalho, a globalização e o ideário neoliberal. Apreende-se a educação no contexto da atualidade descrevendo as tendências que se configuram na realidade brasileira, em face do processo de ressignificação do capital. Analisam-se as mudanças no mundo do trabalho e os impactos na organização do trabalho pedagógico na unidade escolar com a implementação do Plano de Desenvolvimento da Escola (PDE) que objetiva à modernização da gestão escolar e ao fortalecimento da autonomia da escola, através da adoção de princípios do planejamento estratégico. Contextualiza-se o PDE como estratégia de organização e gestão escolar, tendo como referências empíricas as escolas da rede estadual de ensino Unidade Integrada Marly Sarney e Unidade Integrada Joaquim Aroso.

This thesis offers an overview of Personal Employee Development Planning focusing on its objectives and perspectives in current practice. Attention is paid to the employees' personal development in organization, relation between work performance management and personal development planning, main trends in the preparation of plans and the tools and methods used in the creation and realization of development plans. The thesis explores the benefits of personal employee development planning for the organization, and for professional and personal life of employee. The work is focused on defining the areas of the organization's approach to personal employee development, competencies and learning. It analyzes the process of creating personal development plans. The work contains a qualitative analysis of the results of survey conducted in eighteen organizations in the Czech Republic, focused on the use of personal development plans in practice. Future prospects and recommendations are proposed based on the results of the analysis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This diploma thesis researches which activities state cities in their strategic or action plans. In the thesis is tested if these activities correspond with questions solved in analytical parts, especially SWOT analyzes. Selected cities are: Hodonín, Krnov, Nový Jičín, Sokolov, Havlíčkův Brod, Klatovy, Jindřichův Hradec, Žďár nad Sázavou, Brandýs nad Labem - Stará Boleslav, Otrokovice, Bílina, Rakovník, Dvůr Králové nad Labem, Česká Třebová and Varnsdorf. The main method used in this diploma thesis is the in-depth analysis of strategic and action plans. On the basis this method was found that the activities mostly correspond to the analytical part. But preferentially are realised projects, for which can be used funding from grants, some cities state it directly in their strategic documents. The researching cities focus on the transport, the public administration and the communication with the public and the recreation and the tourism. By contrast, neglected areas are health services, the environment and the culture. Based on the focus of their strategic plans, cities were divided into four groups, these groups were then tested on effects of various factors. Tested factors are the location and the author, nor one of them has been confirmed statistically significant influence on the orientation of...

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a dinâmica política da reemergência do federalismo brasileiro no Governo Geisel, qual seja, no princípio da abertura política. Isto porque é neste momento que se dá início à redefinição das relações entre as esferas de poder a serem consolidadas no processo constituinte e cristalizadas na Constituição. A nossa hipótese central baseia-se na premissa de que, no Governo Geisel, os rumos do federalismo serão condicionados pela ação do Estado brasileiro. Mais especificamente, pela forma como o Estado conduziu dois projetos complementares: a liberalização política controlada e o II Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento. De forma que a questão do federalismo será abordada em sua dupla dimensão, enquanto projeto econômico e enquanto projeto político de distensão. / The aim of this work is to study the political dynamic of the reconstruction of federalism in Brazil during the Geisel Government, at the very beginning of the Brazilian transition to democracy. During this period it took place the redefinition of the intergovernmental relations which were consolidate in the constituent process and crystallized in the Constitution. Our main hypothesis is based on the assumption that the path of federalism, during the Geisel Government, might has been affected by the action of the Brazilian State. Mainly by the way which the State has conducted two complementary projects: the controlled political liberalization and the Second Brazilian Plan for Development. Thus, the question of federalism will be studied in its double dimension: as a political and economic project.