Conflict of interest allegations became a prominent part of the political and public sector in the 1980s and 1990s in Australia and elsewhere. The arena of policing was not immune, and in Victoria, the Ombudsman drew particular attention to the problem and expressed concern about the rise in public complaints relating to alleged conflicts of interest on the part of police officers. Against this background, permission was granted by Victoria Police for a major study of conflict of interest complaints against police officers within their jurisdiction. Access was granted to all public complaint case files where conflict of interest was the focus of the allegations, from the period 1988???1998. A total of 377 usable complaints files were examined, involving 539 police officers. Through extensive examination and analysis of these complaint case files, a comprehensive map of the particular kinds of interest involved, the nature of the conflicts with official police duties, and the particular contexts within which conflicts of interest emerged, was developed. Analysis of the case files identified 25 different types of problems related to conflict of interest. These were spread across the private and public realms of police officers??? involvements. Previous studies of conflict of interest have focused largely on the opportunities for misconduct arising in the public realm of police work and police duty, largely neglecting attention to the private realm of the relationships and involvements of a police officer that give rise to conflicts of interest. In this study, the specific private interests that gave rise to problems were able to be identified in 35 percent of all cases. Three broad problem areas were identified: (i) outside employment, private business interests, political, social, and sporting interests and involvements; (ii) family-based involvements, especially those involving family law problems; and (iii) problematic personal relationships, including relationships with criminals, informers, and persons of ill repute. These conflicts of interest were related to a range of breaches of official police duty, including the misuse of police authority for personal or family benefit, the use of police position to facilitate personal relationships, and inappropriate disclosure of confidential police information. When the conflict of interest identified related specifically to a police officer???s official or public role as a member of the police force, the main types of misconduct identified included three broad areas: (i) the use and abuse of police powers and authority; (ii) the use and abuse of police resources, including information; and (iii) the receipt of gratuities and breaches of the law. These problems were shown to play out in a range of ways, encompassing such behaviours as misuse of the police identity, inappropriate accessing of police information, involvement in investigations where the police officer concerned has a personal interest in the matter, failing to take appropriate police action against friends, family, or associates, the exercise of improper influence in civil matters, and engagement in harassment and discrimination. This study offers some important conceptual developments in relation to the notion of conflict of interest, focusing on the importance of the distinction between a conflict of interest and an associated breach of duty. The study noted that it is often erroneously assumed by police that if there is no breach of duty evidenced, then there is no problem of conflict of interest. The study also offers an important insight into the oversight and accountability processes involved in Victoria Police, emphasising the importance and effectiveness of the oversight role of the office of the Victorian Ombudsman. Evidence also suggests that the internal review processes within Victoria Police are by-and-large stringent, and that senior police management are genuinely interested in making police officers more accountable for their actions. However, it is concluded that both front-line operational police officer and police management often have a limited understanding of conflict of interest, and problems attendant to conflicts of interest. The study???s insights into the problem of conflict of interest are significant insofar as this problem is related to police misconduct???ranging from minor to serious???of various kinds. Attention to the problem of conflict of interest may be an important element in preventing ???upstream??? police misconduct and corruption.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 299-310).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisors: Maxwell B. Stinchcombe and R. Preston McAfee. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

A pesquisa em apreço tem por finalidade verificar os aspectos jurídicos e sociais que desvelam o direito ao meio ambiente equilibrado no âmbito das cidades. Sua relevância e pertinência temática se desnuda a partir da explosão demográfica no meio urbano promovendo a ocupação territorial desordenada à revelia do ordenamento jurídico que ampara a questão. Nesse sentido, formula-se hipoteticamente a indagação acerca da possibilidade de utilização das guardas municipais para fiscalizar e proteger o ambiente urbano, bem como, prevenir a degradação ambiental ampla a partir do regular poder de polícia dos entes municipais, fiscalizando a implementação e o regular cumprimento das políticas setoriais urbanas conforme as diretrizes do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, procura-se responder à questão nuclear por meio do método analítico-dedutivo enfrentando os argumentos a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Ante o exposto, apresenta-se no desenvolvimento dos blocos da estrutura capitular, informações relevantes para compreensão acerca da constituição e surgimento das cidades a partir das afirmações de Fustel de Coulanges, Lewis Munford e Henri Lefebvre, apreciando os conceitos, princípios e diretrizes da política nacional do meio ambiente com lastro na Constituição Federal de 1988 e analisando com relevância o Estatuto das Cidades e as dimensões da sustentabilidade a partir do pensamento de Ignacy Sachs. Ao fim e ao cabo a pesquisa se debruça sobre as principais políticas setoriais no âmbito das cidades, especialmente, as ligadas a mobilidade urbana, a função socioambiental da propriedade, saúde e saneamento básico e zoneamento ambiental, verificando as ações estatais de implementação e fiscalização da executoriedade dessas políticas por parte dos municípios e o manejo das guardas municipais como instrumento de fiscalização do cumprimento das regras estabelecidas nessas políticas setoriais, justificando assim, a preservação do meio ambiente urbano por meio das guardas municipais a partir das disposições da Lei n. 13.022/2014 (Estatuto Geral das Guardas Municipais). / The purpose of this research is to verify the legal and social aspects that reveal the right to the environment balanced in the cities. Its relevance and thematic relevance is stripped of the demographic explosion in the urban environment promoting the disordered territorial occupation in the absence of the legal system that supports the issue. In this sense, the hypothesis is made about the possibility of using municipal guards to monitor and protect the urban environment, as well as prevent widespread environmental degradation from the regular police power of municipal entities, supervising the implementation and the regular compliance with urban sectorial policies in accordance with the guidelines of the Brazilian legal system. In order to do so, we try to answer the nuclear question by means of the analytic-deductive method facing the arguments from the bibliographical and documentary research. In the development of the blocks of the structure of the Chapter, information relevant to understanding the constitution and emergence of cities is presented, based on the statements of Fustel de Coulanges and Lewis Munford, appreciating the concepts, principles and guidelines of the national environment policy environment with ballast in the Federal Constitution of 1988 and analyzing with relevance the Statute of the Cities and the dimensions of the sustainability from the thought of Ignacy Sachs. After all, the research focuses on the main sectorial policies in the cities, especially those related to urban mobility, the socio-environmental function of property, health and basic sanitation and environmental zoning, verifying the state actions of implementation and inspection of the city. the enforcement of these policies by the municipalities and the management of municipal guards as an instrument for monitoring compliance with the rules established in these sectoral policies, thus justifying the preservation of the urban environment through municipal guards, based on the provisions of Law no. 13.022 / 2014 (General Statute of Municipal Guards).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Solveig Fabienne Sonnenburg.pdf: 697122 bytes, checksum: 7ca32ae1ceb3532d1bbc0f9c3ac38375 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-26 / This study addresses the evolution of some institutions, realities of social coexistence, including citizenship and fundamental freedoms, lifted up as an constitutional ballast, as a precondition for human existence and social order. It examines the role of the state and its performance under administrative control specifically in the exercise of those freedoms, through the so-called police power. Thus, it begins with a historical perspective of citizenship, under various doctrinal issues. Following it approaches the assessment of citizenship in the Federal Constitution, specially in the fundamental rights, emphasyzing freedom and property, the specific objects of administrative restrictions. It develops the concept of state and its goals, discuss the government and their functions, among which is the police power. Next, the study deals with the evolution of the power of police, their main doctrinal characteristics and attributes, through critical analysis in its application and influence in society. Finally, we conclude the research identifying opportunities for participation of citizens in this zone still restricted entirely to the interference of the state as trustee. / Este estudo aborda a evolução de algumas instituições, realidades da convivência social, entre elas, a cidadania e as liberdades fundamentais, erigidas à condição de lastro constitucional, como condição primordial para a existência humana e ordem social. Analisa o papel do Estado e sua atuação no âmbito administrativo, especificamente na contenção do exercício de tais liberdades, através do denominado poder de polícia. Para tanto, inicia-se com uma perspectiva histórica da cidadania, sob variados aspectos doutrinários. A seguir, passa-se à avaliação da cidadania no contexto da Constituição Federal, adentrando nos direitos fundamentais, com ênfase à liberdade e propriedade, objetos específicos da limitação administrativa. Desenvolve-se o conceito de Estado e seus objetivos, discorrendo sobre a Administração Pública e suas respectivas funções, entre as quais se situa o poder de polícia. Na sequência, o estudo trata da evolução do poder de polícia, suas principais características doutrinárias e atributos, através de análise crítica quanto à sua aplicação e influência na sociedade. Por fim, conclui-se a pesquisa buscando identificar possibilidades de participação do cidadão nessa área até então, totalmente, restrita à ingerência do Estado, na qualidade de administrador.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo de Mello Goncalves.pdf: 1472376 bytes, checksum: 86a1b3e998d2b511aa200e61e589731e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-13 / The goal of this work is to do an analysis of the administrative act self execution, verifying the hypothesis and the limits for its usage, in the context of redefining Administrative Law according to Democratic State of Law and fundamental rights. It is easy to notice that a referring point appears more intensively in police power actions which are the disciplinary administrative functions of citizens liberty and properties. Those functions rule their lives in their communities by imposing limits (what not to do) and enforcing duties (what to do) in a preventing or repressive way. It means that Administration itself can, on its own, execute police actions, without having to recur to juridical procedures. The application of self execution by Administration does not mean a violation of Judiciary inseparability principle that is showed in the 5th article 35th item of the 1988 Federal Constitution because the subject can appeal to impede it or even cancel the action. Moreover in case of overpowering or non accordance with the conditions to perform such action it can be suspended or canceled. The fact is that Administration executes administrative function and so it must satisfy public interests (of the community) and not interests or preferences of its own organization or state agents. Therefore self execution or any other related items are only instruments to be used to achieve public interests by observing the right opportunity and the right measure to do it. Concluding, in a Democratic State of Law, similar to that followed in Brazil, the Federal Constitution presents a normative system of duties attribution which leads the state work. And there are also limits for that work based on the list of rights and fundamental guarantees that represents citizens protection. Finding limits to state work and not allow that it can affect citizens rights and guarantees is a necessary action to show the state fair actuation and to impede the violation of fundamental rights that were hardly achieved / O objetivo do presente trabalho é a análise da autoexecutoriedade do ato administrativo, investigando as hipóteses e os limites para sua utilização, dentro de um contexto de redefinição do Direito Administrativo, à luz do Estado Democrático de Direito e dos direitos fundamentais. Fácil é perceber que referido atributo se apresenta com maior intensidade no exercício do poder de polícia, que é a parcela da função administrativa disciplinadora da liberdade e da propriedade dos indivíduos, adequando-as à vida em sociedade, mediante a imposição de limites (deveres de não fazer) e encargos (deveres de fazer), de modo preventivo ou repressivo. Isso significa que a própria Administração pode, por si mesma, executar a pretensão traduzida no ato de polícia, sem necessidade de buscar as vias judiciais para obtê-la. A utilização da autoexecutoriedade pela Administração não implica, de forma alguma, em violação ao princípio da inafastabilidade do Judiciário, fixado no art.5°, inciso XXXV, da Constituição Federal de 1988, pois o administrado pode a ele recorrer para, conforme o caso, impedi-la ou sustá-la, diante do abuso ou da inobservância das condições para a presença desse atributo. É que a Administração exerce função administrativa e, em consequência, está adstrita a satisfazer interesses públicos, ou seja, interesses de outrem (a coletividade) e não interesses ou conveniências de seu próprio organismo e, muito menos, o dos agentes estatais. Assim, a autoexecutoriedade ou quaisquer outras prerrogativas são apenas instrumentais utilizados se, quando e na medida indispensável para atingir os interesses públicos. Enfim, num Estado Democrático de Direito, como o brasileiro, a Constituição Federal apresenta um sistema normativo de atribuição de competências para a atuação estatal, existindo, também, limitações a essa atuação, justamente com o rol (não-exaustivo) dos direitos e garantias fundamentais que servem de proteção aos cidadãos. Encontrar os limites da atuação do Estado que esbarram naqueles direitos e garantias é tarefa necessária para encontrar a justa medida da atuação do Estado e afastar a violação de direitos fundamentais arduamente conquistados

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TAMARA RIGO GUIMARAES DE MACEDO BENTO.pdf: 1144359 bytes, checksum: 0f21c578090159f6f762c7c8bd1b417f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / The intense increase of aggressions against the nature goods has terrified the humanity, since mankind has faced the uncertainty of its fate in the nature, experiencing disastrous environmental tragedies. Therefore, the human conscious concerns around this issue has reached the juridical conscious as well through the normalization, which is sometimes fragile and sometimes solid, however, clearly attempting to follow the transformations and the society perspectives. Thus, with the scope of ensuring and give effectiveness to the environment dictates, focusing on its preservation and protection for the present and future generations, the State, undoubtedly, develops a non substitutable role as far as environmental management is concerned. Thereby, the Public Power, as the tutor of the environment, endues itself with attributes and mechanisms the allows it to ensure the environmental safety, which qualifies themselves in powers that when inserted in the positive law create to the State special acting rights related to the public right. Such prerogative consists on the police power, which is a Public Power activity that has the goal of establishing limits and disciplines rightness, interests and freedom, ruling the acts or omissions, in order to promote the public interests and environmental preservation. As far as concerned to this aspect, when it comes to an environmental damage, no matter how deteriorated the nature is, affecting the collectiveness, it will require the State to take direct actions for the purpose of preserving the public interests, through the police power actions. Although, when the State doesn t act diligently, attending to the environmental juridical desiderata of promoting the natural resources protection, in other words, committing some arbitrariness that doesn t match to the finality being pursued, the State could then respond to the damage caused, administratively as well as in the civil and penal spheres. Therefore, the State will be characterized as the indirect polluter, since it hasn t shown any actions to avoid or put away the environmental damages. Furthermore, the extra contractual State blameworthiness causes some juridical consequences, such as the objective responsibility appliance and the State joint liability to the real damage causer (direct polluter). / A intensificação das agressões aos bens da natureza assombra a humanidade, haja vista a incerteza do destino do homem no espaço natural, diante de desastrosas consequências causadas por diversas tragédias ambientais. Assim, a preocupação despertada pela consciência humana alcançou a consciência jurídica, por meio de normatização, ora frágil ora sólida, mas com a nítida tentativa de acompanhar as transformações e perspectivas da sociedade. Destarte, com escopo de assegurar e dar efetividade aos ditames relativos ao meio ambiente, com vistas a preservação e proteção deste para as presente e futuras gerações, o Estado exerce, sem dúvida, papel insubstituível na gestão ambiental. Dessa forma, o Poder Público, na qualidade de tutor do meio ambiente se reveste de atributos e mecanismos que lhe permite assegurar a proteção ambiental. Tais se qualificam em poderes, os quais, inseridos no direito positivo, revestem o Estado de prerrogativas especiais inerentes ao direito público. Tal prerrogativa, consiste no poder de polícia, sendo atividade do Poder Público que tem por objetivo limitar ou disciplinar direito, interesse ou liberdade, regulando a prática de ato ou abstenção de fato, com vistas ao interesse público e a preservação ambiental. Nessa vertente, ao se deparar com um dano ambiental, qual seja a degradação da natureza, que afeta toda a coletividade, este demandará uma atuação direta do Estado para resguardar o interesse público, por meio do exercício do poder de polícia. Todavia, quando o Estado não atua de forma diligente no cumprimento do desiderato jurídico ambiental de proteção dos recursos naturais, ou seja, comete alguma arbitrariedade que não condiz com a finalidade colimada, este poderá ser responsabilizado pelo dano causado, nas esferas administrativa, cível e penal. Logo, este figurará como poluidor indireto, haja vista que não atuou no sentido de afastar a lesão ao meio ambiente. Ademais, a responsabilização extracontratual do Estado enseja algumas consequências jurídicas, tais como a aplicação da responsabilidade objetiva, bem como a responsabilidade solidária deste para com o verdadeiro causador do dano (poluidor direto).

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-25T13:13:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 limites_poder.pdf: 616577 bytes, checksum: e88198cf15501e8ecad229a062c084ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-25T13:13:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 limites_poder.pdf: 616577 bytes, checksum: e88198cf15501e8ecad229a062c084ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Nenhuma / A partir de um caso ocorrido no ano de 2006, em um estabelecimento comercial denominado Bar Tuim, no centro da cidade de Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em que frequentadores entraram em disputa física com agentes da Prefeitura Municipal em torno da interpretação do alcance de uma lei de polícia administrativa, esta dissertação apresenta critérios para definição de limites do poder de polícia frente ao direito à liberdade individual inscrito na Constituição Federal. O caso concreto conduz a uma hipótese de fato, qual seja, a de que há um novo paradigma existencial na sociedade contemporânea, que se denominou paradigma existencial dos hábitos saudáveis, caracterizado como uma supervalorização dos cuidados com a saúde como modo de vida. O pressuposto deste trabalho é justamente o de que esse novo paradigma existencial vem pondo em marcha sucessivas e crescentes proibições no terreno atinente aos hábitos individuais, tendentes a limitar a liberdade individual das pessoas. O novo paradigma existencial é examinado à luz de várias teorias que procuram explicar a realidade contemporânea. Para definir critérios aptos a delinear limites ao instituto do poder de polícia, recorre-se à disciplina da filosofia política para, a partir de conceitos próprios desta, aportar elementos de conteúdo para construir critérios para a definição de limites. Esses elementos de conteúdo são elencados a partir da escola do liberalismo político europeu do século XIX, do liberalismo político contemporâneo e da filosofia política norte-americana. Partindo dessa hipótese de fato, procuraremos estabelecer critérios para a definição de limites à ação do Estado no que se refere a proibições relativas aos hábitos individuais. A presente dissertação é também uma contribuição à crítica a determinados aspectos do modo de vida contemporâneo, no que se refere à supervalorização dos hábitos saudáveis. / After an event held in the year of 2006, at Bar Tuim, a business premise, located at downtown of Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in which customers disagreed with Porto Alegre Council employees about the interpretation of an administrative police law scope, this paper presents some criterion for the definition of the police power boundaries in what refers to the right of personal freedom in Brazil Federal constitution. The present case leds us to the hypothesis that there is a new existential paradigm in the contemporary society which refers to healthy habits and is characterized as an overvaluation of heath care as a way of life. This work assumption is exactly that this new existential paradigm is raising sucessive and growing prohibitions in the field of individual habits, which might limitate our individual freedom. We analyzed this new existential paradigm using many theories which intend to explain the contemporary reality. In order to define some criteria useful for drawing the boundaries of the police power institute, we have appealed to the discipline of political philophy so that we can through its concepts access some elements important to develop criteria for defining these boundaries. These content elements can be seen in the political liberalism from the European school of the nineteenth century, in the contemporary political liberalism, and in the North American political philosophy. Through this hypothesis we intend to establish some criteria in the definition of boundaries to the States actions in what refers to prohibitions related to individual habits. This paper also intends to be a contribution to the critic raised to several aspects in our contemporary way of live, as the overvaluation of healthy habits.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma discussão sobre o poder de polícia materializado na prática policial cotidiana dos policiais da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para desenvolver o tema poder de polícia foi imprescindível abordar os elementos que o constituem, que são: a discricionariedade da atividade de polícia, os termos do mandato de polícia, as formas de controle da ação policial e os aspectos da autonomia e subordinação da força policial. / This study intends to present a discussion about police power based on the daily police work developed by the police officers of the Military Police of the state of Rio de Janeiro. In order to accomplish this proposal it was fundamental to focus in its constitutional elements, which are: police discretion, the terms of the mandate of the police, control of police work and aspects of both autonomy and subordination of the police force.

published_or_final_version / Criminology / Master / Master of Social Sciences