Submitted by FABIANA DA SILVA FRANÇA (fabiana21franca@gmail.com) on 2018-02-01T15:49:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivo Total.pdf: 2396297 bytes, checksum: 67ed3b1d6a12c462e89a5cafd47fe5e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-01T15:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivo Total.pdf: 2396297 bytes, checksum: 67ed3b1d6a12c462e89a5cafd47fe5e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation presents the strategy of collective organization of Polo da Borborema, with reference to the promotion of agroecological practices. The production of the foods that are in the table of the Brazilians comes from the work of the peasants and, in the case of Polo, these foods are produced from the action of rescue and maintenance of the creole seeds, known in the state of Paraíba as “Sementes da Paixão”. Among the strategies adopted by Polo in order to guarantee food sovereignty, there is the creation of Community Seed Banks. The valorization of agrobiodiversity from the specificity of Polo da Borborema organization serves as the basis for the analysis of the worldwide diffusion of research development and use of Genetically Modified Organisms in agriculture. Currently, Brazil has the second largest area planted with seeds of this type, which encourages debate on agrobiodiversity. The objective of this research was to understand how the actions of Polo da Borborema focused on the valorization of agroecology and protection of agrobiodiversity have influenced the awareness of the women of Polo as to their role for the peasant family agriculture. The research was carried out between the years of 2015 and 2017, when fieldwork was carried out, in which the farmers and leaders of the union were interviewed, as well as participation in events, with emphasis on the " March for Women's Lives and for Agroecology. " The encouragement of the participation of women in the various activities organized by Polo has represented an important movement to raise awareness about their contribution to the production of healthy foods, the valorization of the "Sementes da Paixão", as well as in awakening to the collective struggle and organized by the construction of egalitarian gender relations. / Esta dissertação apresenta a estratégia de organização coletiva do Polo da Borborema, tendo como referência a promoção de práticas agroecológicas. A produção dos alimentos que estão na mesa dos brasileiros é proveniente do trabalho dos (as) agricultores (as) camponeses (as) e, no caso do Polo, estes alimentos são produzidos a partir da ação de resgate e manutenção das sementes crioulas, conhecidas no estado da Paraíba como “Sementes da Paixão”. Dentre as estratégias adotadas pelo Polo no intuito de se garantir soberania alimentar, está a criação dos Bancos de Sementes Comunitários. A valorização da agrobiodiversidade a partir da especificidade da organização do Polo da Borborema serve de base para a análise sobre a difusão mundial do desenvolvimento de pesquisas e uso de Organismos Geneticamente Modificados na agricultura. Atualmente, o Brasil possui a segunda maior área plantada de sementes deste tipo, o que fomenta o debate a respeito da agrobiodiversidade. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender como as ações do Polo da Borborema voltadas à valorização da agroecologia e proteção da agrobiodiversidade têm influenciado na tomada de consciência das mulheres do Polo quanto ao seu papel para a agricultura familiar camponesa. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida entre os anos de 2015 e 2017, quando foram realizados trabalhos de campo, em que foram entrevistados (as) agricultores (as) e lideranças da organização sindical, além de ter ocorrido a participação em eventos, com destaque para a “Marcha pela Vida das Mulheres e pela Agroecologia”. O incentivo à participação das mulheres nas diversas atividades organizadas pelo Polo tem representado importante movimento de tomada de consciência das mesmas quanto à sua contribuição na produção de alimentos saudáveis, na valorização das “Sementes da Paixão”, bem como no despertar para a luta coletiva e organizada pela construção de relações de gênero igualitárias.

nÃo hà / Este estudo contempla uma avaliaÃÃo ex post do Programa de CapacitaÃÃo Empresarial no Ãmbito do PRODETUR/NE II do Polo Costa do Descobrimento no estado da Bahia. Em se tratando de avaliaÃÃo de projetos pÃblicos, principalmente os de cunho socioeconÃmicos, a dificuldade de se ter um consenso quanto aos conceitos, tÃcnicas e metodologias de sua aplicaÃÃo, traduzem em conflitos e frustraÃÃes, que por sua vez, torna-se mais difÃcil a sua realizaÃÃo de forma sistemÃtica. O objetivo maior desse trabalho Ã, justamente, poder avaliar o Programa desenvolvido pelo Governo do Estado da Bahia em parceria com o Banco do Nordeste do Brasil, o Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento e o MinistÃrio do Turismo, cujo principal objetivo era o de promover o desenvolvimento empresarial, atravÃs da capacitaÃÃo dos empresÃrios e gestores locais, ligados ao seguimento do turismo, principal atividade comercial do Polo, que por sua vez, tem a qualidade da prestaÃÃo de serviÃo como um elemento primordial para o desenvolvimento e prosperidade dos negÃcios. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa bibliogrÃfica com base nos referenciais teÃricos relativos ao PRODETUR/NE II, o Programa de CapacitaÃÃo Empresarial do Polo Costa do Descobrimento e a AvaliaÃÃo de PolÃticas PÃblicas. Realizou-se ainda pesquisa de campo, atravÃs da aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios junto ao pÃblico alvo, abordando as trÃs modalidades estabelecidas pelo programa, com o intuito de verificar a percepÃÃo desses atores quanto aos benefÃcios alcanÃados, bem como aferir os resultados alcanÃados pela execuÃÃo do programa, e dessa forma poder compreender o processo pelo qual o programa conseguiu ou nÃo alcanÃar seus objetivos. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo dÃo suporte à avaliaÃÃo do programa, possibilitando apontar pontos positivos e algumas fragilidades de sua execuÃÃo. Ao tÃrmino sÃo apresentadas as consideraÃÃes finais e elencadas sugestÃes a serem observadas em futuros programas, com a finalidade de promover melhorias que proporcionem alcanÃar a efetividade das polÃticas pÃblicas voltadas para aÃÃes de capacitaÃÃo empresarial. / This study contemplates an evaluation ex post of the Programa de CapacitaÃÃo Empresarial in the context of the PRODETUR/NE II of the Polo Costa do Descobrimento in the state of the Bahia. In treating the difficulty as an evaluation of public projects, mainly those of hallmark economical-partner, of a consensus having been as for the concepts, techniques and methodologies of his application, they translate in conflicts and frustration, what for his time, becomes more difficult his realization of systematic form. The objective of this work is to value the Program developed by the Government of the State of the Bahia in partnership with the Banco do Nordeste do Brasil, the Inter-American Bank of Development and the MinistÃrio do Turismo, which main objective was it of promoting the business development, through the train and capacitate of the businessmen and Manager location, connected with the continuation of the tourism, main commercial activity of the Pole, which for his time, takes the quality of the installment of service as a primordial element for the development and prosperity of the business. For so much bibliographical inquiry was carried out on basis of the theoretical referential systems relative to the PRODETUR/NE II, the Programa de CapacitaÃÃo Empresarial of the Polo Costa do Descobrimento and the Evaluation of Public Policies. Field work happened still, through the questionnaires application near the target public, boarding three kinds established by the program, with the intention of checking the perception of these actors as for the reached benefits, as well as checking the results reached by the execution of the program, and in this form to be able to understand the process for which the program managed or not to reach his objectives. The search results of the field work give support to evaluation of the program, making possible to point to positive points and some weaknesses of his execution. To the end the final considerations are presented and listed suggestions to be observed in future programs, with the purpose of promoting improvements that provide to reach the effectiveness of the public policies turned to actions of capacitate business.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-26T13:51:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) JORGE MARTINS FILHO.pdf: 3510444 bytes, checksum: 5186219c8dea84ee4dce1542def0855b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T13:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) JORGE MARTINS FILHO.pdf: 3510444 bytes, checksum: 5186219c8dea84ee4dce1542def0855b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-18 / CAPEs / O turismo tem-se revelado como atividade capaz de efetuar a inserção e a reabilitação econômica de espaços deprimidos. O resultado desse processo envolve profundas transformações no espaço e na sociedade, criando territórios para atender aos interesses do mercado turístico e objetos estranhos ao lugar. De forma planejada e por meio de estratégias voltadas para o crescimento econômico, o espaço é transformado em palco de ações que reforçam seu caráter imaginário, onde tudo está relacionado à condição de mercadoria, seja por meio da criação de projetos hoteleiros e empreendimentos imobiliários destinados à segunda residência, ou pela formação de mão de obra especializada, ou até mesmo, por conta do surgimento de empreendimentos comerciais. Essas ações são novas formas de produção capazes de introduzir ideias e valores, além de uma grande quantidade de objetos estranhos à paisagem, todos integrados na relação lugar - mundo, ainda que de forma segregadora e seletiva. Neste sentido, o propósito desta tese é compreender as transformações do espaço do litoral piauiense em função da introdução e desenvolvimento dos serviços ligados ao turismo. A metodologia consta de análise documental e pesquisa bibliográfica; observação; entrevista semiestruturada/aberta e questionários fechados, aplicados a gestores e trabalhadores, respectivamente, dos estabelecimentos de hospedagem e alimentação e questionários fechados aplicados a moradores dos municípios do Polo Costa do Delta. A aceleração das transformações de caráter territorial decorrentes do turismo em certos pontos do litoral do Nordeste brasileiro tem produzido novas formas de organização do espaço geográfico, com amplas repercussões socioeconômicas, políticas e culturais, que devem ser objeto da preocupação dos agentes responsáveis pelo planejamento e gestão do turismo. Esta tese é, pois, oriunda de uma reflexão sobre caminhos seguidos pelos órgãos público e privado, enquanto agentes do turismo, responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de projetos nos municípios do litoral piauiense e que devem agir a partir de ações que dinamizem (e privilegiem) os interesses dos moradores locais, oportunizando sua inserção no mercado de trabalho mediante a qualificação da mão de obra local, bem como direcionando projetos para romper os fatores que limitam a inserção do litoral piauiense no mercado do turismo nacional e no internacional, com a dinamização dos fluxos, criação de novas conectividades e melhoria da infraestrutura. Este trabalho recomenda algumas proposições, como valorização do desenvolvimento pela justiça social para a conquista de melhores condições de vida e atendimento das necessidades da população local e a valorização do turismo de eventos para suprir os efeitos da sazonalidade do turismo de lazer. Assim, esta tese constitui documento geográfico que se esforça em apresentar a empirização de conceitos atinentes ao turismo, na modalidade Sol e Praia, que se realiza no litoral do Piauí. / Tourism has been set up as an activity able to perform the insertion and economic rehabilitation of depressed areas. The result of this process involves profound changes in environment and society, creating territories to meet the interests of the tourist market and unusual objects of the place. In a planned way and through strategies for economic growth, the space is transformed into a place of actions that strengthen its imaginative character, where everything is related to the condition of merchandise, either through the creation of hotel projects and real estate developments designed for second residences, or by the formation of skilled labor, or even because of the emergence of business ventures. They are new forms of production able to introduce ideas and values, besides a lot of unusual objects of the landscape, all integrated in the interaction experience, even though in a segregated and selective way. In this sense, the purpose of this thesis is to understand the transformations of the environment of the Piauí coast due to the introduction and development of services related to tourism. The methodology consists of document analysis and bibliographic research; observation; semi-structured/ open interview and multiple-choice questionnaires applied to managers and workers, respectively, of the lodging and food establishments and multiple-choice questionnaires applied to inhabitants of the towns of Polo Costa do Delta. The acceleration of the territorial transformations as a result of tourism in certain costal parts of the Brazilian Northeast has produced new forms of organization of the geographical environment, with broad socio-economic, political and cultural repercussions that should be the object of concern of the agents responsible for the planning and management of tourism. This thesis is, therefore, derived from a reflection about initiatives of public and private agencies, as tourism agents, responsible for developing projects in towns of the Piauí coast, and who should act based on actions that stimulate (and prioritize) the interests of local inhabitants, providing opportunities for their integration into the labor market through the qualification of local labor, as well as directing projects to break factors that limit the insertion of the Piauí coast into the national and international tourist market, with the stimulation of the tourist flow, creation of new connectivity and improvement of infrastructure. This study recommends a number of propositions, such as enhancement of development through social justice for the achievement of better living conditions and addressing the needs of the local population and the use of events to supply the effects of seasonality of leisure tourism. Thus, this thesis is considered as a geographical document that strives to present the empiricization of concepts concerning tourism, in the Sun and Sand modality, which takes place on the coast of Piauí.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-02-15T12:20:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE MÁRCIO FERREIRA ARAÚJO SILVA - UFPE - PROPAD - 2015.pdf: 4726545 bytes, checksum: 5d286927a024d01e8fc0c56da8ec7d03 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T12:20:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE MÁRCIO FERREIRA ARAÚJO SILVA - UFPE - PROPAD - 2015.pdf: 4726545 bytes, checksum: 5d286927a024d01e8fc0c56da8ec7d03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / FACEPE / O dinamismo econômico é fenômeno estudado sob a ótica de diversos campos do saber. Em espaços tradicionalmente caracterizados pela estagnação, ele se torna ainda mais motivo de investigações e estudos empíricos que identifiquem suas causas, e os elementos e mecanismos que o favoreçam. A literatura tem oferecido contribuições para compreensão de fenômenos dessa natureza, mediante a concepção de modelos e conceitos que expliquem da melhor forma a mudança positiva por quais passam determinados espaços econômicos ou mesmo organizações. A existência e atuação de instituições e a implementação de inovações têm sido elementos apontados como instrumentos catalisadores desse processo. A mudança institucional decorrente é também apontada como causa e consequência de positivo desempenho. Esta Tese mira neste propósito, o do entendimento do fenômeno do dinamismo sob a perspectiva das ações das instituições, das inovações e da mudança institucional, servindo-se de contribuições teóricas da Nova Economia Institucional. Conceitos desenvolvidos no âmbito da Economia Evolucionária e da Teoria Institucional no campo das Organizações também dão importante contributo. A pesquisa empírica de âmbito qualitativo foi realizada no polo Juazeiro-Petrolina, no vale do submédio São Francisco, cujo dinamismo tem estimulado a realização de importantes estudos. / Economic dynamism is studied phenomenon from the perspective of several disciplines. In areas traditionally characterized by stagnation, it becomes even more reason to research and empirical studies that identify its causes, and the elements and mechanisms that favor. Literature has offered contributions to understanding such phenomena by design models and concepts that had better explain the positive change by which pass certain economic areas or even organizations. The existence and performance of institutions and the innovations implementation have been identified as elements of that process catalysts instruments. The institutional change due is also cited as cause and consequence of positive performance. This thesis aim this purpose, the understanding of the dynamic phenomenon from the perspective of the institutions actions, innovation and institutional change, using the theoretical contributions of New Institutional Economics. Concepts developed in the context of Evolutionary Economics and Institutional Theory in the Organizations field also give important contribution. Empirical research of qualitative scope was held at the polo JuazeiroPetrolina in submedium Valley San Francisco, whose dynamism has spurred the realization of important studies.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-24T13:36:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) _Dissertação_Final_Raquel_Ramos7_.pdf: 1871052 bytes, checksum: 40a1875bd807fcb32fb3c805e2ca4427 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T13:36:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) _Dissertação_Final_Raquel_Ramos7_.pdf: 1871052 bytes, checksum: 40a1875bd807fcb32fb3c805e2ca4427 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / CAPES / CNPQ / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar a percepção dos gestores em relação à importância das práticas da governança corporativa e a gestão do capital de giro nas micro e pequenas empresas que compõem o Polo de Confecções do Agreste. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório realizado em 55 empresas de confecção e os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de um questionário estruturado no período de dez. 2015 a jan. 2016. Utilizou-se de índices de Liquidez (Imediata, Seca e Corrente e o Capital Circulante Líquido) como método de análise da situação econômico-financeira das empresas. Os resultados sobre a percepção da importância das práticas de governança corporativa que se baseou em transparência, gestão e controle, responsabilidade corporativa e práticas específicas para as pequenas empresas, indicam que os gestores, em sua maioria, consideram relevantes tais práticas para benefício das empresas, podendo contribuir para a sua manutenção no mercado. Já referente à situação financeira, os resultados se mostraram favoráveis, pois os índices de liquidez apresentaram um valor maior que o indicado pela literatura. Relativo ao financiamento, as empresas optam por capital gerado internamente, depois capital próprio e por último dívida bancária. E por fim, sobre a gestão do capital de giro percebe-se ainda um cenário de informalidade, devido a inexistência da separação das despesas financeiras da empresa e do proprietário, a não utilização de consultoria externa, e a falta de elaboração de relatórios contábeisfinanceiros, realidade encontrada em muitas das empresas pesquisadas. / This research aims to investigate the perception of managers regarding the importance of corporate governance practices and the management of working capital to micro and small businesses that make up the Polo Agreste Clothing. This is an exploratory study in 55 companies manufacturing and data were collected through the application of a structured questionnaire within ten. 2015 January 2016. We used liquidity ratios (Immediate, Drought and Current and Working Capital Net) as the method of analysis of the economic and financial situation of companies. The results on the perception of the importance of corporate governance practices that are based on transparency, management and control, corporate responsibility and specific practices for small businesses, indicate that managers, mostly relevant consider such practices to the benefit of businesses, can contribute to the maintenance market. Already for the financial situation, the results were favorable, as the liquidity ratios showed a higher value than indicated in the literature. On the financing, companies choose to internally generated capital, after capital and last bank debt. Finally, on the management of working capital is still a perceived informality scenario, due to the lack of separation of the financial expenses of the company and the owner, no use of external consultants, and the lack of preparation of reports contábeis- financial, reality found in many of the companies surveyed.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DAUTON ALVES AMOEDO.pdf: 708240 bytes, checksum: 96ddfd4279c888c0ceb7b74d379eebb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The main objective of the research was to characterize the expenditure on R&D typifying by categories and behaviors of its actors (companies, institutes and part government, FNDCT) in which LI s systematic, where companies producing BIT have an obligation to invest in R&D resources . The research occurred from 1996 to 2006, in which, from the results established a discussion about the theory of innovation territorial basis of GREMI (Groupe Européen de Recherche sur les Mileux Innovateurs) with complement of the theories of Porter (Solution diamond and five forces model), and also make use of the PIM and BIT literature and other more specific elements that reinforce a dynamic indication of the PIM that shows structural elements of an economy grounded in innovation in territorial basis. The results provided an overview of distributions about the resources for R&D performed in Manaus in which one might observe a profile of incremental innovation process developed predominantly by private institutions sectors, whose rise of resources, in most cases, is foreign. The research shows features of PIM through the analysis of types of innovative environments (GREMI), featuring under the light of this theory, observe the reality of the local territory where is studied, shows eventually the characteristics of an Industrial District (not marshaliano) and eventually an innovative environment. / O principal objetivo da pesquisa foi caracterizar os gastos em P&D tipificando por categorias e o comportamento de seus atores (empresas, institutos e a parte governamental (FNDCT)) na sistemática da LI, em que as empresas produtoras de BIT têm a obrigação de investir em recursos de P&D. A pesquisa vislumbrou o período de 1996 a 2006, em que, a partir dos resultados foi estabelecida uma discussão a respeito da teoria de inovação da base territorial do GREMI - Groupe de Recherche Européen sur les Mileux Innovateurs com complemento das Teorias de Porter (Solução do Diamante e modelo de 5 forças), além destes se fez também o uso da literatura do PIM e do BIT e mais outros elementos pontuais que reforçam a indicação de uma dinâmica no PIM que apresenta elementos estruturantes de uma economia calcada em inovação em base territorial. A análise dos resultados apresentou um panorama de distribuições de recursos de P&D realizadas em Manaus no qual se pôde observar um perfil de inovação incremental de processo desenvolvida predominantemente por institutos provenientes da iniciativa privada, cuja origem do recurso, em sua maioria, é estrangeira, pôde-se ainda distinguir características do PIM por meio da análise de tipologias de ambientes inovadores(GREMI), caracterizando sob este prisma, a realidade do território local em que ora se observa características de Distrito Industrial (não o marshaliano) ora em ambiente inovador.

[Truncated abstract] Broadly, research literature on the physiological aspects of water polo game play is limited, but particularly so in the women's game. Moreover, significant changes to game rules in recent years are likely to have had an impact on the game demands. Therefore, this research project sought to investigate the physiological characteristics of contemporary elite female water polo players and the demands of match play. Overall, the five studies comprising this thesis aimed to improve the practical knowledge of coaches and sport scientists concerning the training and monitoring of players. Study one (Chapter 3) compared two water polo-specific field tests of aerobic and/or match fitness (MSST, multistage shuttle swim test; and WIST, water polo intermittent shuttle test) with a traditional incremental swimming test to exhaustion (IST, 5 x 200 m). Prior to this study, the physiological responses to the MSST and WIST were not well understood. Additionally, the degree of association between these two tests was unknown. Therefore, 14 Australian National Women's Water Polo Squad players performed the MSST and WIST, and 13 players from a National Water Polo League club performed the MSST, WIST and IST, on separate occasions. Peak heart rate, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were obtained for all tests. Expired air was collected post test for the National League players. The results showed that the National Squad players performed significantly better in the MSST (636 ± 114 vs. 437 ± 118 m, p < 0.001) and WIST (270 ± 117 vs. 115 ± 57 m, p < 0.001) than the National League players. ... Absolute decrement yielded TE of 0.55 s (-0.42-0.81), CV of 26.0% (19.3-41.0) and ICC of -0.002 (-0.44-0.44). Relative (%) decrement yielded TE of 1.6% (1.2-2.3), CV of 27.2% (20.1-42.9) and ICC of -0.02 (-0.46-0.42). Results indicate that total time was a reliable measure, whilst decrement was not. Similar to land-based RSA tests, total time should be the criterion measure of performance in the RST. The RST can form part of a specific battery of field tests for water polo, and can also be used as a conditioning tool. The final study (Chapter 7) was a nutritional-intervention study. Based on the time-motion data from study three, a 59-min match simulation test (MST) was designed to mimic the activity profiles and physical demands of water polo match play. Using a randomized cross-over double-blind design, 12 Australian National Women's Water Polo Squad players ingested 0.3 g·kg-1 of NaHCO3 or placebo, 90 min before performing the MST, which included 56 x 10-m maximal-sprint swims as the performance measure. Although pre-exercise ingestion of NaHCO3 was effective in enhancing extracellular pH and bicarbonate levels, the percentage difference in mean sprint times between trials showed no substantial effects of NaHCO3 (0.4; ±0.9%, effect size = 0.09; ±0.23, p = 0.51). The results suggest that elite water polo players should not expect enhancement in intermittent-sprint performance from NaHCO3 supplementation. These findings are contrary to previous NaHCO3 studies on simulated team-sport performance, but this investigation is unique in that it examined highly-trained athletes performing sport-specific tasks. In conclusion, the findings of this thesis add to the existing literature on the applied physiology of women's water polo. It is hoped that the knowledge gained from these findings will lead to more appropriate conditioning, testing and selection outcomes.

Les micro-bolomètres non-refroidis bénéficient de développements technologiques récents qui se traduisent par des matrices de plus en plus grandes (1024*768 pixels), pour des pixels de plus en plus petits (17 µm) et de plus en plus sensibles bien que non-refroidis (NETD<60 mK @300 K). L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les détecteurs micro-bolométriques non-refroidis afin de tester leurs capacités en imagerie et en spectroscopie en vue de leur utilisation dans le cadre d'une mission spatiale vers les petits corps du système solaire, dont en particulier la mission Marco Polo R. J'ai étudié le fonctionnement de ces détecteurs en prenant pour exemple le détecteur Nano640Etm de la société Ulis, représentatif de la technologie des micro-bolomètres non-refroidis disponible actuellement. J'ai mesuré la stabilité dans le temps de son signal, l'homogénéité de la matrice du détecteur, et l'influence de différents paramètres de fonctionnement (température du plan focal, temps d'intégration des pixels, gain). La réponse du détecteur est linéaire en fonction de la température de scène à la puissance 4. Les résultats de cette caractérisation m'ont permis de mesurer le NETD du détecteur dans le cadre de cette expérience. J'ai ensuite testé les capacités du détecteur Nano640Etm en imagerie radiométrique calibrée afin d'estimer les erreurs maximales de calibration pour un, deux, ou trois points de calibration placés différemment dans la gamme de température observée / The recent progress of the uncooled micro-bolometer technology has lead to larger detector matrices (1024*768 pixels), with smaller pixel sizes (17 µm) and a higher sensitivity although it is an uncooled technology (NETD<60 mK @300 K). The objective of this thesis is to study uncooled micro-bolometer detectors in order to assess their performance for imagery and spectroscopy within the framework of a space mission towards small bodies of the solar system, including the Marco Polo R mission. I have studied these detectors through the example of the Nano640Etm detector of the Ulis society, which represents well the currently available uncooled micro-bolometer technology. I have measured its signal stability through time, the detector's matrix homogeneity, and the influence of various operating parameters (focal plane temperature, integration time of the pixels, gain). The detector's response is linear as a function of the scene temperature to the power of 4. The results of this characterization allowed me to measure the detector's NETD within this experiment. Then, I tested the Nano640Etm detector's ability to perform calibrated radiometric images in order to estimate the maximum calibration error for one, two, or three calibration points chosen differently within the observed temperature range. Lastly, I assessed the detector's performances for dispersive spectroscopic measurements, using its signal to noise ratio, as a function of the observation wavelength, the scene temperature, and the spectral resolution. The results of these tests are very positive.

Apoptoseresistenz ist einer der Gründe für ein Versagen von Chemotherapie bei vielen Krebserkrankungen, darunter das Burkitt Lymphom. Um die molekularen Mechanismen der Apoptoseresistenz aufzuklären, wurde die Apoptoseinduktion in 15 Burkitt-Lymphom-Zelllinien nach Behandlung mit den Spindelgiften Taxol (Paclitaxel), Nocodazol und Vincristin untersucht. Interessanterweise entwickelten Zellen, die sich als resistent gegenüber Taxol- und Nocodazol-induzierter Apoptose erwiesen, nach Behandlung eine Polyploidie (>4N DNA), was eine inverse Relation von Apoptose und Polyploidie aufzeigt. In den sensitiven Zelllinien war die Taxol- und Nocodazol-induzierte Apoptose von Caspase-Aktivierung, Bid-Spaltung und Herunterregulation von Mcl-1 begleitet. Im Gegensatz zu den sensitiven Zelllinien wiesen die meisten apoptoseresistenten Zellen einen Verlust von Bax und Bak auf und waren durch einen anhaltenden mitotischen Arrest mit Auftreten eines >4N DNA-Gehalts nach Behandlung charakterisiert. Um weitere Einblicke in den Mechanismus der Spindelgift-induzierten Apoptose zu erhalten, wurde die Rolle der mitotische Kinase PLK1 (polo-like kinase) näher untersucht. Eine dominant-negative PLK1-Mutante induziert Apoptose. Allerdings zeigte eine zusätzliche Behandlung mit Spindelgiften keinen synergistischen Effekt, was darauf schließen lässt, dass sowohl Inhibierung von PLK1 als auch Mikrotubuli-destabilisierende Agenzien den gleichen Stress-Signalweg aktivieren. Andererseits unterstützte Überexpression von Wildtyp-PLK1 in Taxol behandelten Zellen die Zellzyklus-Progression. Dies deutet auf eine Verbindung zwischen Zelltodresistenz und genetischer Instabilität (Aneuplodie) hin. Inhibition von Apoptose in sensitiven Zelllinien durch Caspase-Inhibierung förderte Polypoidie, welche die inverse Relation bestätigte. Medikamente, welche die Caspase-Aktivierung unabhängig von Bax und Bak induzieren, könnten eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Behandlung von resistenten Burkitt-Lymphomen darstellen. / Apoptosis resistance is the major cause of chemotherapy failure in most kinds of cancers, including Burkitt lymphomas (BL). To elucidate molecular mechanisms regulating the development of apoptosis resistance, a panel of 15 BL cell lines was investigated for apoptosis induction upon treatment with microtubule inhibitors taxol, nocodazole and vincristine. Significant differences were observed in the extent of apoptosis induction among BL cell lines examined. Interestingly, cell lines exhibiting resistance to taxol- or nocodazole-induced apoptosis, showed development of polyploidy (>4N) and vice versa, displaying an inverse relationship between apoptosis and polyploidy induction. Further, in sensitive cell lines taxol-induced apoptosis was accompanied by caspase activation, Bid cleavage and Mcl-1 down-regulation. In contrast, most apoptosis resistant cell lines exhibited a loss of Bax and Bak expression and showed prolonged mitotic arrest with >4N DNA content upon treatment. To gain mechanistic insights into microtubule inhibitor-induced cell death, the role of the mitotic kinase PLK1 was addressed. Dominant negative PLK1 mutant induced apoptosis, however, failed to show synergism in induction of apoptosis in combination with microtubule inhibitors. This indicates that PLK1 inhibition and spindle toxins might trigger a similar mitotic stress pathway. Conversely, overexpression of wildtype PLK1 promoted cell cycle progression in cells treated with taxol. Remarkably, inhibition of apoptosis in sensitive cell lines by caspase inhibition promoted polyploidy confirming the inverse relationship between apoptosis and polyploidization. Considering targets to induce Bax/Bak independent caspase activation would be of great importance to avoid undesirable events leading to chromosomal imbalances in treating resistant cancers.

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