This master thesis analyses the regional differentiation of population development of micro-regions of Pilsen region. The analytical part focuses on the period from the mid-19th century to the most recent census (2011). During this long-term development, in terms of population, the region undergone major changes which were the result of variety of. The essence of the study is to verify the key determinants which caused the differentiation in selected micro-regions. The work also provides a characteristic of the region, including a list of its natural and socio-geographic specifics, including the major historical events in the development of the region. There is a brief comparison with other regions for initial classification within the Czech Republic, which is also focused on the period of 161 years. This initial part is followed by the analyses of an actual population development realised by sub-analyses of the micro-regions. These sub-analyses examine the three selected factors which are likely to have a big impact on the population changes in the region. Based on the development and the status of the population, the core and periphery micro-regions in the regional system are classified. Within the final synthesis the micro-regions are divided into categories which defer from each other in dynamics of development. The conclusion summarizes results of the work and a validation of the input hypotheses is its part.

Development of housing construction in the context of regional population development in Czechia Abstract The main aim of the thesis is to analyze and describe the development of housing construction in the context of regional population development in the Czech Republic in the years 2000- 2019. Spatial autocorrelation (LISA) and Webb's graph, which is used in analyzes of regional population development, were used for data analysis. Areas with above-average and, on the contrary, below-average housing construction are observed in four five-year periods. These areas are mutually compared in terms of their population development. The main result of the thesis is the confirmation of the assumption that in most cases, areas with above-average housing construction are also characterized by above-average population growth and are located in the hinterland of large cities (especially Prague) as part of the suburbanization process. Keywords: population development, housing construction, Webb's graph, spatial autocorrelation, Czechia

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The Human Immunodeficient Virus (HIV) is escalating in South Africa at an alarming rate. The impact of HIV today and in the future could have grave consequences for the South African population as it affects adults in their most productive years. To ease costs on the health system, health workers should be familiar with HIV patients needs in general, and specifically in areas such as oral disease which can contribute to the wellness or ill health of the patient. This could facilitate more appropriate and cost effective care ofHIV patients. World-wide reports indicate that the HIV virus is more prevalent in females than males. Women are also experiencing greater virulence of HIV and therefore greater severity of the disease. This research assessed whether there were differences in the prevalence and severity of oral symptoms ofHIV positive men and women. Oral health practices were also examined. As oral disease is very prevalent in HIV positive persons and has been a neglected area for research and program development, it was included in this study. This study also aimed to assess the perceived needs of patients affected by HIV. Such a study presents HIV positive patients an opportunity to participate in a process which allows patients to voice their needs and problems, as well as be involved in setting priorities. The study sought to assess whether needs differed according to the patients gender, age and symptom levels. A needs questionnaire with five domains which included medical and oral needs, social, economic, psychological and informational domains of needs was developed. The measure also included a section on demographics and oral health questions, and was administered as a structured interview. The sample consisted of 338 HIV positive males and females residing in Cape Town and its environs and attending the Out Patients' Departments of three major provincial hospitals, as well as two community clinics during May to November of 1995.

Schwerpunkt des vorliegenden ersten Bandes ist die Charakterisierung des Untersuchungsgebietes "Kernregion Mitteldeutschland", die sich um die Städte Halle (Saale) und Leipzig erstreckt und durch einen heterogenen, bipolaren städtischen, aber auch ländlich geprägten Wirtschaftsraum gekennzeichnet ist. Die Region wird hinsichtlich ihrer Raumstruktur, der demographischen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen, der technischen und verkehrlichen Infrastrukturen sowie der öffentlichen Finanzen beschrieben und es werden aktuelle Entwicklungstrends und Probleme dargestellt. Die Charakterisierung dient im Projektverlauf als Grundlage einer Clusterung der Kommunen im Untersuchungsraum, auf die im zweiten Band der Schriftenreihe eingegangen wird. Dieser erste Band der Schriftenreihe des Forschungsverbundes KoReMi soll Ihr Interesse sowohl an dem Projekt selbst als auch am drängenden Thema des nachhaltigen Flächenmanagements wecken.

Military Area as a Determinant of Microregion Population Development Marie Kusovská Abstract The study deals with military area as a specific factor of microregion population development. The objective of the study is to describe and demonstrate the different effects of current and former military areas on neighbourhood population's demographic behaviour. The analysis is focused on the period of 1995-2010 and takes place in five current military areas: Boletice, Brdy, Březina, Hradiště and Libavá and three former military areas: Mladá (today's municipality Milovice), Ralsko and Dobrá Voda. The study examines the population development and its structure, natural and mechanical movement, including an analysis of migration directions. There is a finding that the municipality Milovice and Ralsko differs significantly from other areas in young age structure, high levels of total fertility rate and the intensity of immigration. At the level of mortality no significant differences were indicated. Therefore, it appears that a military area can be considered as a determinant of microregion population development, but it depends on the military uses of this area and in case of its cancelation it depends on the future civilian use.

The thesis deals with the development of availability of preschool childcare in the Czech Republic after 1990 and its relation to the harmonization of family and working life of women. The aim of this work is to identify possible future perspectives of this development and its potential impact on the economy of the country. In the introduction, it is firstly outlined how the demographic development and the approach to family policy changed in the Czech Republic after 1990. After that follow a specification of the system of preschool care in the Czech Republic and an analysis of development of the availability of preschool childcare and of employment of women in the labour market. For the estimation of future development, a projection of potential candidates for preschool care services and a projection of expected number of mothers with young children in 2020 are conducted. The results of the projections indicate that the current capacity of kindergartens could be sufficient already in the school year 2019/2020, in the context of the decreasing number of live births. Nevertheless, the Czech Republic is likely to fail to fulfil timely the objectives of the European Union for the minimum participation of children in preschool education based on the Barcelona criteria and the strategy Europe 2020. Insufficient...

Primary School Pupil Numbers and Demographic Change in Czech Municipalities Abstract Following a sharp fall in fertility to its historical minimum after 1990, the population of Czechia began to increase again gradually. Consequently birth cohorts of varying size are emerging and these then enter the education system. Moreover suburbanisation has led to a change in population distribution. These factors have mean that in some areas primary school capacity does not reflect the numbers of primary school age children, with some schools having insufficient places and others suffering from a lack of pupils. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse regional demographic change in Czechia after 1990, including changes in the spatial pattern of compulsory school age children (6-14 years). The information obtained is set against the changes in the spatial patterns of primary school pupils and maximum primary school capacity. The whole analysis is undertaken within the catchment regions for combined primary schools (schools that provide nine years of primary and middle school education), which were created on the basis of the shortest road distance from the district to the nearest combined primary school. Webb's graphs were used along with spatial autocorrelation since these are appropriate methods for conducting...

This dissertation studies the establishment and demographic development of the sawmill communities that emerged in the Sundsvall district during the latter half of the 19th century.  The intention is to highlight the importance of the sawmill communities and their resident populations by discussing community construction from a demographic perspective as well as socially and symbolically. Based on church registers, this is a longitudinal study that includes information from 31 individual sawmill communities. This study has shown that the establishment and demographic development of the sawmill communities was not an instant process that necessarily followed the construction of the sawmill industries. The prerequisites of the geographical locations and year of establishment influenced population development, but the speed and size of the settlements were individual to each mill site. More prosperous times for the industry during the 1870s resulted in that migration increased consequently leading to quickly populated communities and larger registered core populations in residence. Migration to the sawmill communities from within the parishes was infrequent and the geographical backgrounds revealed that an extremely small proportion of the populations had been born within the district, implying a migratory hesitation among locally born. The sawmill populations were male-dominated due to the large groups of temporary workers inhabiting the communities, although, adult males barely made up one-third of the registered populations. The largest demographic group was children aged 0-14 years. The strong presence of children and high proportions of married individuals suggests that the sawmill communities were family oriented communities, more so than non-sawmill areas. Long-time settled families had usually formed kinship networks with other residents. This dissertation concludes that while time was important for the development of the sawmill communities, so were the registered populations residing in these communities. Residency would have been key in claiming belonging to the sawmill communities and to be considered as a real sawmill worker. Residency, family and kin therefore contributed to the construction of community structures, geographically, socially and symbolically.

Bevölkerungsschrumpfung und entspannte Wohnungsmärkte tragen dazu bei, dass die nachfragenden Haushalte ihre differenzierten Wohnwünsche zunehmend besser realisieren können. Dabei gewinnen regionale Wohnungsmarktanalysen und ‑prognosen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Gerade kleinräumige Wohnungsprognosen können entscheidend dazu beitragen, dass realistischere Abschätzungen der regionalen Wohnbauland-, Wohnungsneubau- und Leerstandsentwicklungen besser gelingen, da die Rahmenbedingungen auf den kommunalen und regionalen Wohnungsmärkten spezifischer erfasst werden können. Im Leibniz-Institut für ökologische Raumentwicklung (IÖR) wurde dafür ein spezifischer Prognoseansatz entwickelt, der in diesem Beitrag kurz umrissen wird und dessen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Kommunal- und Regionalplanung anhand von Anwenderbeispielen gezeigt werden.

The master's thesis deals with the formation of territorial differentiation in South Bohemia region from the point of population development. The structure of the regional settlement system has undergone dynamic and uneven development that has been affected by a wide range of varied factors. As a result of their spatial interactions, numerous micro-regional disparities appeared. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the impact of these factors both at the level of individual municipalities and the level of micro-regions. Empirical data for this research were collected from the national population censuses, regularly gathered from 1869. Because of this time constraint, the main attention is paid to the industrial period that is also considered as the most important stage for urbanization processes. The study is divided into four significant parts: the crucial analytical part is preceded by a brief introduction of the most important possible determinants and the contextualization of regional population development in the context of nationwide trends. The third part is the core of the research that is based on the analysis of key factors on a sample of 103 selected South Bohemian municipalities. The second analytical part builds on the conclusions of the previous one and deals with an assessment of changes in the dynamics of population development at the micro-regional level. Within the final synthesis, the micro-regions are divided into categories based on the core-periphery concept. Furthermore, the generalization of the main trends and the prediction is implemented. Finally, all the research hypotheses are both confirmed or refused.