Utah County, Utah, and more particularly the Utah Valley area, has undergone an enormous change during the last forty years. Rapid growth and urbanization brings with it the problems of urban sprawl. Controlling this sprawl is determined often times by an effective growth policy. Mapping and analyzing growth patterns and trends is a useful method in determining the effectiveness of the "growth towards the cities" policy of Utah County. Research was conducted by using maps, air photos, and field work in locating the growth history of the county.Growth has been influenced by several factors among which are the physical, climatic, and economic make up of the county. It has also been influenced by policies directed to control the growth, not necessarily as to numbers but as to location. These policies have been successful in locating the majority of the increasing urbanization within the cities where services can be provided more economically. Since the county and the cities can grow only where water is available, the major factor in the location of future growth will be the location of water.

O movimento de inclusão se caracteriza por uma responsabilização da sociedade nas adaptações necessárias para que as pessoas com deficiência possam experimentar o modo de vida característico do recorte espacial e temporal em que vivem. O ambiente escolar é um dos locais onde devem ser feitas essas adaptações, tanto na estrutura física, quanto dentro das aulas. A Geografia encontra nos estudantes com deficiência visual o público com maior dificuldade de aprendizado, já que, além de conceitos contidos em textos, recorre frequentemente a representações gráficas, como gráficos e mapas. A Cartografia Tátil é a ciência que se desdobra sobre essas adaptações táteis e pode dar às pessoas com deficiência visual o acesso a um agigantado mundo de possibilidades que desenvolvam sua cognição, facilitem o acesso aos lugares e permitam o conhecimento dos inúmeros fatores sócio econômicos que ajudam entender a realidade que vivemos. Dentro do contexto da Geografia, o recorte aqui escolhido foi a Geografia da População Brasileira. Na primeira etapa, essa pesquisa reflete sobre a questão populacional, observando como o olhar da Geografia renovada pede à Geografia da População discussões mais críticas, que devem ir além da Demografia. Na segunda etapa são analisados mapas impressos e táteis sobre a Geografia da População e construídas representações gráficas com essa abordagem. Estas apoiaram uma sequência didática que foi aplicada na ADEVIRP (Associação de Amparo ao Deficiente Visual de Ribeirão Preto) e se mostraram eficientes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes cegos ou com baixa-visão. / The inclusion movement is characterized by the society\'s responsibility to do the adaptation that is necessary to people with disabilities, so they can experience the way of life characteristic of the time and space in which they are in. Adaptations must be made in both physical structure and classes of the school environment. In Geography, due to the intensive use of graphical representations, maps and graphics, the students with visual impairment are the most excluded learning public. Tactile Cartography is the science that focus on tactile adaptations and can give the visually disable students the access to a world of possibilities that develop their cognition, facilitate access to places and is capable to provide the knowledge of the socio-economic factors that help to understand the reality we live. The Geography of the Brazilian Population was the center of this research. In the first stage, this work reflected on the population question. Considering renewed geography, the work sought to discuss the Population Geography more critically, beyond Demographic studies. The second step was to analyze printed and tactile maps about Brazilian population and to elaborate tactile cartographic representations. The constructed tactile cartographic representations supported a didactic sequence that was applied in ADEVIRP (Association of Support to the Visual Impairment of Ribeirão Preto) and showed to be efficient in the teaching-learning process of blind or with low vision students.

O movimento de inclusão se caracteriza por uma responsabilização da sociedade nas adaptações necessárias para que as pessoas com deficiência possam experimentar o modo de vida característico do recorte espacial e temporal em que vivem. O ambiente escolar é um dos locais onde devem ser feitas essas adaptações, tanto na estrutura física, quanto dentro das aulas. A Geografia encontra nos estudantes com deficiência visual o público com maior dificuldade de aprendizado, já que, além de conceitos contidos em textos, recorre frequentemente a representações gráficas, como gráficos e mapas. A Cartografia Tátil é a ciência que se desdobra sobre essas adaptações táteis e pode dar às pessoas com deficiência visual o acesso a um agigantado mundo de possibilidades que desenvolvam sua cognição, facilitem o acesso aos lugares e permitam o conhecimento dos inúmeros fatores sócio econômicos que ajudam entender a realidade que vivemos. Dentro do contexto da Geografia, o recorte aqui escolhido foi a Geografia da População Brasileira. Na primeira etapa, essa pesquisa reflete sobre a questão populacional, observando como o olhar da Geografia renovada pede à Geografia da População discussões mais críticas, que devem ir além da Demografia. Na segunda etapa são analisados mapas impressos e táteis sobre a Geografia da População e construídas representações gráficas com essa abordagem. Estas apoiaram uma sequência didática que foi aplicada na ADEVIRP (Associação de Amparo ao Deficiente Visual de Ribeirão Preto) e se mostraram eficientes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes cegos ou com baixa-visão. / The inclusion movement is characterized by the society\'s responsibility to do the adaptation that is necessary to people with disabilities, so they can experience the way of life characteristic of the time and space in which they are in. Adaptations must be made in both physical structure and classes of the school environment. In Geography, due to the intensive use of graphical representations, maps and graphics, the students with visual impairment are the most excluded learning public. Tactile Cartography is the science that focus on tactile adaptations and can give the visually disable students the access to a world of possibilities that develop their cognition, facilitate access to places and is capable to provide the knowledge of the socio-economic factors that help to understand the reality we live. The Geography of the Brazilian Population was the center of this research. In the first stage, this work reflected on the population question. Considering renewed geography, the work sought to discuss the Population Geography more critically, beyond Demographic studies. The second step was to analyze printed and tactile maps about Brazilian population and to elaborate tactile cartographic representations. The constructed tactile cartographic representations supported a didactic sequence that was applied in ADEVIRP (Association of Support to the Visual Impairment of Ribeirão Preto) and showed to be efficient in the teaching-learning process of blind or with low vision students.

This thesis investigates the effects of national patterns of migration on informal support for older adults in contemporary Scotland. It argues that geography matters, and develops a multi-scale conceptual framework to analyse the relationships among population mobility, contrasting local contexts in which older people live, and care and support from the intergenerational family and the community. 130 older persons from three locales with different migration patterns are recruited to the study and a mixed-method approach is adopted, using data from the census, a questionnaire survey and a set of in-depth interviews with both older people and formal service providers. The findings demonstrate significant differences between the three study locales in terms of the geography of the intergenerational family and the extent and nature of informal support received. Daughters provide more support than sons, suggesting the continuation of traditional gender norms. Local community is important, especially in the rural locale, but friends and neighbours are not providing a substitute for adult children living at a distance. It appears that non-kin respond to need where physical health is compromised but not where the older person suffers from depression. This raises serious questions about the future of family support in an increasingly mobile society with declining fertility and growing numbers of adult daughters in full-time employment. The relationships demonstrated confirm and extend many previous findings, but the discussion concludes that there are some grounds for optimism. The intergenerational family remains important to its members who can and do overcome geographical separation at times of crisis. Further, slowly changing gender norms, combined with contemporary demographic trends, may effect changes in the pattern of intergenerational support, which will, to some extent, offset the worsening older-age dependency ratios predicted for Scotland and other European countries over the next few decades.

Despite analysts' predictions and assertions prior to the 2016 presidential election, the Hispanic vote did not prove decisive. Donald Trump's victory elucidates a new electoral calculus, one that will be ruled simultaneously by changing demographics and the backlash against such change. While Hispanic voters largely supported Hillary Clinton, structural and individual impediments hinder their access to the voting booth and their turnout on election day. This thesis explores the reasons why the Hispanic electorate did not prove decisive in the 2016 presidential election. It further illuminates the changing Electoral College map, in which the Midwest and the Rustbelt are determined by an older white electorate and the South and Southwest are determined by an influx of minorities and immigrants, namely the Hispanic electorate. The 2016 presidential election illustrates the demographic changes and subsequent backlash that will persist over the next decade. A growing Hispanic population and electorate will eventually alter the political calculus of national and state elections, but turnout among white voters will continue to prove decisive in the near future. White backlash and transactional voting (e.g. economic, religious) clearly clinched Trump's success in crucial swing states, ultimately securing his Electoral College win. A review of polling prior to the 2016 election, as well as case studies of economic transactional and Hispanic Trump voters, demonstrates the breakdown across party and state lines that ensured Trump's Electoral College victory, despite a large and expanding Hispanic electorate. While it will continue to grow exponentially, it is unlikely that the Hispanic electorate will prove decisive as soon as the 2020 presidential election, but it will inevitably determine national and state elections within the next decade.

Using of modern technologies has been increasing in the sectors of economic and by people. If educational system shall prepare students for the future, it should learn them to work with that technologies, for example computers or tablets. Modern technologies have been entering to schools increasingly but very slowly. Effects of their usage in the educational process have not been examined sufficiently. This thesis applies to advantages and disadvantages of teaching population and settlement geography with a tablet, particularly using the Nearpod application. The influence of teaching with tablet on students' test results is analyzed on the basis of taught lessons and didactic tests. Then, advantages and disadvantages of tablet using at school are established for students and teachers according to interviews and observation during the lessons. This study shows that tablet using does not have to mean higher students' scores in the tests. Students are more motivated, lessons are more entertaining for them in comparison to traditional lessons. Tablets also provide priceless feedback to them. From the teacher's perspective, lessons with tablets are more time-consuming than traditional lessons, but they provide possibilities to observe all students' work during the lesson and more possibilities to...

En el proceso de comprender la complejidad del fenómeno urbano que aquejan las ciudades de Tampico, Ciudad Madero y Altamira en su proceso de desarrollo conurbado, el estudio describe la evolución del crecimiento urbano-industrial del Sur de Tamaulipas entre los años 1823 - 2010, viendo las consecuencias medioambientales de la falta de planeación urbana y ordenación del territorio en dicho espacio, donde el factor económico ha sido el detonador del desarrollo urbano, originado por las actividades portuarias e impulsado posteriormente por la actividad petrolera que fue el factor principal en la expansión y conurbación de las ciudades de Tampico y Ciudad Madero y más recientemente Altamira, impulsada por la masiva inmigración, como de construcción de viviendas, infraestructura y equipamiento demandados. Este proceso caótico de transformación urbana manifestado en el pasado, provocó una rápida saturación en los municipios arriba mencionados, provocando un déficit espacial para edificar viviendas requeridas por la población creciente, propiciando una expansión que traspasaron los límites municipales. Formando la Zona Metropolitana Tampico-Madero-Altamira. Ante una planificación urbana disfuncional, que ha carecido de coherencia, veracidad y aplicación para resolver los problemas comunes que vulneran a los municipios conurbados, condiciones que han incidido para que la expansión urbana se manifieste de manera insustentable. La creciente demanda de viviendas, ante una nula oferta espacial de los municipios de Tampico y Ciudad Madero por el agotamiento respectivo de sus reservas territoriales, presentó en consecuencia, la invasión y rellenos marginales en ríos y lagunas, prevaleciendo en la actualidad la saturación en las lagunas, espacios demandados por su bajo costo predial. Manifestando en la actualidad el municipio conurbado de Altamira, el mismo anarquismo citado, con su acelerado proceso de crecimiento urbano e industrial. En este sentido el presente trabajo de investigación busca enunciar los efectos de la saturación de las zonas urbanas y periurbanas de Tampico y Ciudad Madero, sobre las Lagunas que se encuentran dentro de las ciudades como son las lagunas urbanas del Carpintero, Laguna el Blanco, Laguna la Ilusión, Nuevo Amanecer, Los Patos; y por las lagunas periurbanas, como son, la del Laguna del Chairel, Laguna de Champayán y el Sistema Lagunario de la Cuenca del Río Pánuco limítrofe con los municipios de Tampico Ciudad Madero y Altamira y la necesidad de afrontar un cambio en la diversificación, rehabilitación y cualificación de los recursos hídricos, en el contexto de una planeación territorial y medioambiental integral que garantice la utilización racional de los recursos naturales y económicos que poseen las lagunas urbanas. / In the process of understanding the complexity of the urban phenomenon affecting the cities of Tampico, Madero and Altamira and in its process of the development of the zone aforementioned, the present study describes the evolution and the urban-industrial south of Tamaulipas growth from 1823 to 2010, searching, as well, en environmental consequences due to the lack of urban planning and the organization of the urban space, where the economical factor has provoked the urban development caused by the port activities and subsequently driven by the activity in the oil sector as the main factor in the expansion and population of Tampico, Madero and, more recently, Altamira which growing is due to the massive migration, as well as the demand of house-building, infrastructure and equipment. This chaotic process of urban transformation shown in the past, caused a fast overpopulation in the above mentioned cities, leading to a shortage of the space required to house-building for such growing population, and at the same time provoking an expansion that went beyond the cities’ limits. Forming the Zone Metropolitan Tampico-Madero-Altamira (ZMTMA) Having as a result and urban planning which has no consistency, accuracy and application to solve common problems that affect to the cities in the zone and that have led to an unsustainable urban expansion. The increasing demand for housing, added to a non offering of more spaces to build in the cities of Tampico and Madero because of the lack of plots, caused the invasion and the filling of terrains near the rivers and lagoons, being the plots in lagoons the ones overpopulated due to their low cost. In this sense, the present research seeks to state the effects of urban zones and peri-urban areas overpopulation in Tampico and Madero and some of the lagoons inside the limits of the cities such as Laguna del Carpintero, Laguna el Blanco, Laguna la Ilusión, Nuevo Amanecer, and Los Patos and some of the peri-urban lagoons such as Laguna del Chairel, Laguna de Champayán and the lagoon system called Cuencia del Río Pánuco bordering the cities of Madero and Altamira, and to state the necessity of a change in diversification, rehabilitation and qualification of water resources in the context of a territorial and environmental planning that ensures the rational use of natural and economic resources that can be found in urban lagoons.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Geodemographics has been used extensively as a decision-support tool in both the business sector and the market survey environment in the United States, the United Kingdom and numerous other countries. This has however not been the case in South Africa, partly because of the expense involved in capturing current and complete customer information. As an alternative to capturing all the required customer information, geodemographics has frequently made use of government census data to supplement the organisation-specific data. However, even the census data has its shortcomings. This research has explored a method for building an organisation-specific database using a combination of government census data and organisation-specific data. The organisation-specific data was captured using a questionnaire that was targeted to a specific group of people. The information obtained from the questionnaire and which overlapped with specific census data variables was then used to update the relevant census variables. Cluster analysis was subsequently conducted on the census data in order to identify enumerator areas within the Western Province that had demographic and economic characteristics similar to those of the surveyed areas. Once the appropriate enumerator areas had been identified, the organisation-specific information from the survey was extrapolated to these new areas outside of the surveyed areas. The methodology used in this research provides a process that allows organisations to build a unique geodatabase by making use of the good qualities of both the census data and user-specific data. The resulting geodatabase is one that contains current and pertinent information while also providing complete spatial coverage. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geodemografie word op groot skaal gebruik as n hulpmiddel vir die ondersteuning van besluitneming in die sakesektor en die markopname-omgewing in die Verenigde State, die Verenigde Koninkryk en talle ander lande. Dit is egter nie in Suid-Afrika die geval nie, deels as gevolg van die onkoste verbonde aan vaslegging van die jongste en volledige kliente-inligting. As n altematief vir die vaslegging van al die vereiste kliente-inligting maak geodemografie dikwels gebruik van sensusdata om data eie aan n organisasie aan te vul. Selfs sensusdata het egter tekortkominge. Hierdie navorsing het n metode ondersoek vir die opbou van n databasis eie aan n organisasie deur gebruik te maak van n kombinasie van sensusdata en data eie aan n organisasie. Die data eie aan ri organisasie is vasgele deur gebruik te maak van ri vraelys vir n spesifieke teikengroep. Die inligting wat uit die vraelys verkry is en wat met die spesifieke sensusdataveranderlikes ooreengestem het, is toe gebruik om die relevante sensusveranderlikes by te werk. Skakelingsanalise is daama op die sensusdata uitgevoer ten einde opnemerareas in die Westelike Provinsie te identifiseer wat soortgelyke demografiese en ekonomiese kenmerke gehad het as die areas waarin die vraelysopname gemaak is. Nadat die geskikte opnemerareas gei'dentifiseer is, is die inligting eie aan die organisasie uit die opname geekstrapoleer na hierdie nuwe areas buite die areas waar die opname gemaak is. Die metodologie wat in hierdie navorsing gebruik is, verskaf n metodologie wat organisasies in staat stel om n unieke geodatabasis op te bou deur gebruik te maak van die goeie eienskappe van beide die sensusdata en die data eie aan die gebruiker. Die geodatabasis wat hieruit voortspruit, is een wat die jongste en verbandhoudende inligting bevat en volledige ruimtelike dekking bied.

The thesis discusses the theme of mobility work relating to income transfer and production of regional space in times of industrial structure and aims to analyze the aftermaths of labor mobility in regional production of space. The theoretical basis discusses the concepts of population s mobility of capital and labor and the network production of space, and as a category of analysis the work and as empirical basis the city of Vitoria da Conquista. The labor mobility contributes to the space organization and reflects the uneven and combined development imposed by capital. With that reinforces economic growth in certain centers, while contributing to the depletion of others. The methodological procedures started from a literature review, followed by a survey of data and information, using documentary sources of public and private agencies such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA ), Superintendency of Economic and Social Studies of Bahia (SEI), the General Register of Employed and Unemployed (CAGED). This step was completed with the preparation of location maps and flows, and photographic records, constructs tables, charts and graphs. In addition, 300 questionnaires were administered targeted the migrant population and conducted 10 structured interviews with those responsible for Secretary of Planning (jobs and income), human resources managers from public and private companies in the city and business owners of the different branches of trade. From the analyzes it became evident the formation of three groups of articulated migrants, but differed from each other: the migrants who live in nearby cities of Vitoria da Conquista come and work in the city, not born in Vitoria da Conquista, but live, work and contribute to regional development and population living in Vitoria da Conquista and work in other cities. In exercising its importance as a regional center, Vitoria da Conquista emerges as an appliance of population s attraction because their infrastructure makes individuals from other cities to move daily to your town center. The urban centrality and the labor mobility is one of the contributing factors to promote contradictory and uneven regional development, because the specialized functions assist in the growth and income generation, as well as enhancing the city and contribute to its expansion. / A tese discute o tema mobilidade do trabalho relacionando com transferência de renda e produção do espaço regional e tem como objetivo analisar os rebatimentos da mobilidade do trabalho na produção do espaço regional. A base teórica discute os conceitos de mobilidade populacional, do capital e do trabalho e a produção do espaço em redes, tendo como categoria de análise o trabalho e como base empírica o município de Vitória da Conquista. A mobilidade do trabalho contribui para a organização do espaço e reflete o desenvolvimento desigual e combinado imposto pelo capital. Com isso, reforça o crescimento econômico de determinados centros, enquanto contribui para o esvaziamento de outros. Para a realização do trabalho foi realizada intensa revisão bibliográfica, seguida de levantamento de dados e informações, utilizando fontes documentais de instituições públicas e privadas, como o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), o Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), a Superintendência de Estudos Econômicos e Sociais da Bahia (SEI), o Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados (CAGED). Além disso, foram aplicados 300 questionários direcionados a população migrante e realizadas 10 entrevistas semiestruturadas com os responsáveis pela Secretária de Planejamento (trabalho e renda), Gerências de recursos humanos em empresas públicas e privadas da cidade e com proprietários de empresas dos diversos ramos do comércio. A partir das análises ficou evidente a formação de três grupos de migrantes articulados, porém diferenciados entre si: os migrantes que moram em cidades próximas de Vitória da Conquista e vem trabalhar na cidade, os não nascidos em Vitória da Conquista, mas que moram, trabalham e contribuem para o desenvolvimento regional e a população que mora em Vitória da Conquista e trabalha em outros municípios. Ao exercer a importância de centro regional, Vitória da Conquista desponta como um lugar de atração populacional, pois sua infraestrutura atrai, diariamente, pessoas de outros municípios que se deslocam para o seu centro urbano. A centralidade urbana e a mobilidade do trabalho é um dos fatores que contribui para promover o desenvolvimento regional desigual e contraditório, pois as funções especializadas auxiliam no crescimento e na geração de renda, além de valorizar a cidade e contribuir para a sua expansão.

How does space affect individuals’ outcome on the labor market? And how do we measure it? Beyond the notion of the labor market as a system of supply and demand, lays a society of individuals and workplaces, whose relationships are undeniably complex. This thesis aims to shed some new light on how to investigate and analyze the complex labor market relationships from a spatial perspective. In this thesis, five self-contained articles describe the spatial relationship between individuals and workplaces. In the first article, the official delineation of local labor market areas is tested against the delineation of labor markets for different subgroups. Differences in the regionalization are discussed from the subgroups’ and municipals’ perspective. In the second article, two sources of bias in the computation of local labor market areas, and suggestions how to reduce them, are presented. In the third article the spatial mismatch hypothesis is tested and confirmed on a refugee population in Sweden. In articles four and five, a new model for the estimation of job accessibility is introduced and evaluated. The model, ELMO, is created to answer to the need for a new accessibility measure to be used in spatial mismatch related research. The usability of the model is validated through empirical tests, were the ELMO-model excels in comparison to the accessibility models it is tested against.