O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se ações de companhias que adotam boas práticas de governança corporativa proporcionam maiores retornos e menor risco aos investidores ao compará-las com ações de empresas que não se comprometeram a adotar tais práticas. Para cumprir este objetivo são utilizados três modelos de otimização de portfolios. O primeiro modelo, o modelo Maxmin, maximiza o menor retorno mensal, enquanto o segundo maximiza o retorno anual. Já o terceiro modelo minimiza o desvio médio absoluto da carteira, que é considerado como uma medida de risco. Todos os modelos serão solucionados por métodos de programação linear (PL), em que não é considerado o número de ações da carteira, e de programação inteira mista (PIM), em que são inseridas restrições nos modelos que permitem especificar o número mínimo e máximo de ações. Os modelos são aplicados para uma carteira composta por ações que estão no IGC e para uma carteira formada por ações que estão no IBOVESPA. Os resultados obtidos para as duas carteiras são comparados, buscando evidenciar a idéia de que a boa governança corporativa está relacionada com maiores retornos e menores riscos. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho busca verificar empiricamente se, realmente, as ações de empresas com boa governança proporcionam maiores retornos e menor risco aos acionistas e, desta forma, fornecer novas informações que contribuam com o conhecimento e maior desenvolvimento do tema. Os resultados deste trabalho evidenciam o melhor desempenho da carteira formada pelas ações do IGC, que apresentaram maiores retornos e menores riscos. Diante destes resultados, há indícios de que o compromisso com práticas adicionais de boa governança corporativa pode estar proporcionando maior retorno e menor risco. / The objective of this work is to verify if shares of companies that adopt good corporate governance practice provides greater returns and lower risks to investors when compared with shares of companies that do not adopt these set of practices. Three optimization portfolios models were used to accomplish this objective. The first model, the maxmin model, maximizes the smallest monthly return, while the second maximizes the annual return. The third model minimizes the mean absolute deviation, which is considered a risk measure. All the models will be solved by linear programming (LP) methods, when it is not possible to determinate the number of shares in the portfolio, and mixed integer programming (MIP) methods, in which are inserted constraints that permit specify the minimum number and maximum number of shares in the models. The three models are applied to a portfolio formed by shares that are in IGC and to a portfolio formed by shares that are in IBOVESPA. The obtained results for both portfolios will be compared, willing to evidence the idea that good corporate governance is related with greater returns and lower risks. This study has the purpose to verify empirically if shares of companies with good governance provides greater returns and lower risks to investors and, this way, supplies new information that contribute with knowledge and greater development of the theme. The results of this work show that the better performance of portfolio formed by shares of IGC, that presented greater returns and lower risks. According to these results, there are indicators that the commitment with additional corporate governance practices can be providing greater returns and lower risks.

The thesis deals with modern portfolio theory. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the historical development of portfolio optimization and presents the basic theoretical background of the Markowitz model, the Tobin model and the Capital asset pricing model. In the practical part of the thesis, the models are applied to real data from two Czech securities markets, PSE and RM-S. An optimal portfolios composition is proposed by the three models mentioned above and then the outputs of the models are compared to the real datas from the next period. Finally, the benefits and drawbacks of the used models are evaluated.

Submitted by Diego de Carvalho Martins (diego.cmartins@gmail.com) on 2015-03-03T17:37:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Diego Martins Vf.pdf: 5717457 bytes, checksum: 7b47eb855a437b18798c842352f083b8 (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Diego, Encaminharei por e-mail o que deve ser alterado, para que possamos aceita-lo junto à biblioteca. Att Renata on 2015-03-03T21:33:00Z (GMT) / Submitted by Diego de Carvalho Martins (diego.cmartins@gmail.com) on 2015-03-03T22:13:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Diego Martins Vf.pdf: 5717977 bytes, checksum: 446abdc648b62abddb519b99648b6a3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2015-03-04T17:27:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Diego Martins Vf.pdf: 5717977 bytes, checksum: 446abdc648b62abddb519b99648b6a3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T18:27:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Diego Martins Vf.pdf: 5717977 bytes, checksum: 446abdc648b62abddb519b99648b6a3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-06 / This work aims to analyze the performance of regularized mean-variance portfolios, employing financial assets available in Brazilian markets. In particular, regularized portfolios are obtained by restricting the norm of the portfolio-weights vector, following DeMiguel et al. (2009). Additionally, we analyze the performance of portfolios that take into account information about the group structure of assets with similar characteristics, as proposed by Fernandes, Rocha and Souza (2011). While the covariance matrix employed is the sample one, the expected returns are obtained by reverse optimization of market equilibrium portfolio proposed by Black and Litterman (1992). The empirical analysis out of the sample for the period between January 2010 and October 2014 indicates that, in line with previous studies, penalizing the norm of weights can (depending on the chosen standard and intensity of the restriction) lead to portfolios having best performances in terms of return and Sharpe, when compared to portfolios obtained via Markowitz models. In addition, the inclusion of group information can also be beneficial in order to calculate optimal portfolios, when compared to both Markowitz portfolios or without using group information. / Este trabalho se dedica a analisar o desempenho de modelos de otimização de carteiras regularizadas, empregando ativos financeiros do mercado brasileiro. Em particular, regularizamos as carteiras através do uso de restrições sobre a norma dos pesos dos ativos, assim como DeMiguel et al. (2009). Adicionalmente, também analisamos o desempenho de carteiras que levam em consideração informações sobre a estrutura de grupos de ativos com características semelhantes, conforme proposto por Fernandes, Rocha e Souza (2011). Enquanto a matriz de covariância empregada nas análises é a estimada através dos dados amostrais, os retornos esperados são obtidos através da otimização reversa da carteira de equilíbrio de mercado proposta por Black e Litterman (1992). A análise empírica fora da amostra para o período entre janeiro de 2010 e outubro de 2014 sinaliza-nos que, em linha com estudos anteriores, a penalização das normas dos pesos pode levar (dependendo da norma escolhida e da intensidade da restrição) a melhores performances em termos de Sharpe e retorno médio, em relação a carteiras obtidas via o modelo tradicional de Markowitz. Além disso, a inclusão de informações sobre os grupos de ativos também pode trazer benefícios ao cálculo de portfolios ótimos, tanto em relação aos métodos tradicionais quanto em relação aos casos sem uso da estrutura de grupos.

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se ações de companhias que adotam boas práticas de governança corporativa proporcionam maiores retornos e menor risco aos investidores ao compará-las com ações de empresas que não se comprometeram a adotar tais práticas. Para cumprir este objetivo são utilizados três modelos de otimização de portfolios. O primeiro modelo, o modelo Maxmin, maximiza o menor retorno mensal, enquanto o segundo maximiza o retorno anual. Já o terceiro modelo minimiza o desvio médio absoluto da carteira, que é considerado como uma medida de risco. Todos os modelos serão solucionados por métodos de programação linear (PL), em que não é considerado o número de ações da carteira, e de programação inteira mista (PIM), em que são inseridas restrições nos modelos que permitem especificar o número mínimo e máximo de ações. Os modelos são aplicados para uma carteira composta por ações que estão no IGC e para uma carteira formada por ações que estão no IBOVESPA. Os resultados obtidos para as duas carteiras são comparados, buscando evidenciar a idéia de que a boa governança corporativa está relacionada com maiores retornos e menores riscos. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho busca verificar empiricamente se, realmente, as ações de empresas com boa governança proporcionam maiores retornos e menor risco aos acionistas e, desta forma, fornecer novas informações que contribuam com o conhecimento e maior desenvolvimento do tema. Os resultados deste trabalho evidenciam o melhor desempenho da carteira formada pelas ações do IGC, que apresentaram maiores retornos e menores riscos. Diante destes resultados, há indícios de que o compromisso com práticas adicionais de boa governança corporativa pode estar proporcionando maior retorno e menor risco. / The objective of this work is to verify if shares of companies that adopt good corporate governance practice provides greater returns and lower risks to investors when compared with shares of companies that do not adopt these set of practices. Three optimization portfolios models were used to accomplish this objective. The first model, the maxmin model, maximizes the smallest monthly return, while the second maximizes the annual return. The third model minimizes the mean absolute deviation, which is considered a risk measure. All the models will be solved by linear programming (LP) methods, when it is not possible to determinate the number of shares in the portfolio, and mixed integer programming (MIP) methods, in which are inserted constraints that permit specify the minimum number and maximum number of shares in the models. The three models are applied to a portfolio formed by shares that are in IGC and to a portfolio formed by shares that are in IBOVESPA. The obtained results for both portfolios will be compared, willing to evidence the idea that good corporate governance is related with greater returns and lower risks. This study has the purpose to verify empirically if shares of companies with good governance provides greater returns and lower risks to investors and, this way, supplies new information that contribute with knowledge and greater development of the theme. The results of this work show that the better performance of portfolio formed by shares of IGC, that presented greater returns and lower risks. According to these results, there are indicators that the commitment with additional corporate governance practices can be providing greater returns and lower risks.

Orientador: Francisco de Assis Magalhães Gomes Neto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T19:03:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Villela_PedroFerraz_D.pdf: 10794575 bytes, checksum: 746b8aebf0db423d557d9c5fe1446592 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, propomos um método exato para obter o conjunto solução de um problema biobjetivo quadrático de otimização de carteiras de investimento, que envolve variáveis binárias. Nosso algoritmo é baseado na junção de três algoritmos específicos. O primeiro encontra uma curva associada ao conjunto solução de problemas biobjetivo contínuos por meio de um método de restrições ativas, o segundo encontra o ótimo de um problema de programação quadrática inteira mista pelo método Branch-and-Bound, e o terceiro encontra a interseção de duas curvas associadas a problemas biobjetivo distintos. Ao longo do texto, algumas heurísticas e métodos adicionais também são introduzidos, com o propósito de acelerar a convergência do algoritmo proposto. Além disso, o nosso método pode ser visto como uma nova contribuição na área, pois ele determina, de forma exata, a curva associada ao conjunto solução do problemas biobjetivo inteiro misto, algo que é incomum na literatura, pois o problema alvo geralmente é abordado via métodos meta-heurísticos. Ademais, ele mostrou ser eficiente do ponto de vista do tempo computacional, pois encontra o conjunto solução do problema em poucos segundos / Abstract: In this work, we propose an exact method to find the solution set of a mixed quadratic bi-objective portfolio optimization problem. Our method is based on the combination of three specific algorithms. The first one obtains a curve associated with the solution set of a continuous bi-objective problem through an active set algorithm, the second one solves a mixed quadratic optimization problem through the Branch-and-Bound method, and the third one searches the intersection of two curves associated with distinct bi-objective problems. Throughout the text, some heuristics are also introduced in order to accelerate the performance of the method. Moreover, our method can be seen as a new contribution to the field, since it finds, in an exact way, the curve related to the solution set of the mixed integer bi-objective problem, something uncommon in the corresponding literature, where the target problem is usually approached by metaheuristic methods. Additionally, it has also shown to be efficient in terms of running time, being capable of finding the problem's solution set within a much faster time frame / Doutorado / Matematica Aplicada / Doutor em Matemática Aplicada

Cette thèse présente trois contributions indépendantes. La première partie se concentre sur la modélisation de la moyenne conditionnelle des rendements du marché actions : le rendement espéré du marché. Ce dernier est souvent modélisé à l'aide d'un processus AR(1). Cependant, des études montrent que lors de mauvaises périodes économiques la prédictibilité des rendements est plus élevée. Etant donné que le modèle AR(1) exclut par construction cette propriété, nous proposons d'utiliser un modèle CIR. Les implications sont étudiées dans le cadre d'un modèle espace-état bayésien. La deuxième partie est dédiée à la modélisation de la volatilité des actions et des volumes de transaction. La relation entre ces deux quantités a été justifiée par l'hypothèse de mélange de distribution (MDH). Cependant, cette dernière ne capture pas la persistance de la variance, à la différence des spécifications GARCH. Nous proposons un modèle à deux facteurs combinant les deux approches, afin de dissocier les variations de volatilité court terme et long terme. Le modèle révèle plusieurs régularités importantes sur la relation volume-volatilité. La troisième partie s'intéresse à l'analyse des stratégies d'investissement optimales sous contrainte «drawdown ». Le problème étudié est celui de la maximisation d'utilité à horizon fini pour différentes fonctions d'utilité. Nous calculons les stratégies optimales en résolvant numériquement l'équation de Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman, qui caractérise le principe de programmation dynamique correspondant. En se basant sur un large panel d'expérimentations numériques, nous analysons les divergences des allocations optimales / This PhD thesis presents three independent contributions. The first part is concentrated on the modeling of the conditional mean of stock market returns: the expected market return. The latter is often modeled as an AR(1) process. However, empirical studies have found that during bad times return predictability is higher. Given that the AR(1) model excludes by construction this property, we propose to use instead a CIR model. The implications of this specification are studied within a flexible Bayesian state-space model. The second part is dedicated to the modeling of stocks volatility and trading volume. The empirical relationship between these two quantities has been justified by the Mixture of Distribution Hypothesis (MDH). However, this framework notably fails to capture the obvious persistence in stock variance, unlike GARCH specifications. We propose a two-factor model of volatility combining both approaches, in order to disentangle short-run from long-run volatility variations. The model reveals several important regularities on the volume-volatility relationship. The third part of the thesis is concerned with the analysis of optimal investment strategies under the drawdown constraint. The finite horizon expectation maximization problem is studied for different types of utility functions. We compute the optimal investments strategies, by solving numerically the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, that characterizes the dynamic programming principle related to the stochastic control problem. Based on a large panel of numerical experiments, we analyze the divergences of optimal allocation programs

This thesis project studies robust portfolio optimization with Expected Short-fall applied to a reference portfolio consisting of Swedish linear assets with stocks and a bond index. Specifically, the classical robust optimization definition, focusing on uncertainties in parameters, is extended to also include uncertainties in log-return distribution. My contribution to the robust optimization community is to study portfolio optimization with Expected Shortfall with log-returns modeled by either elliptical distributions or by a normal copula with asymmetric marginal distributions. The robust optimization problem is solved with worst-case parameters from box and ellipsoidal un-certainty sets constructed from historical data and may be used when an investor has a more conservative view on the market than history suggests. With elliptically distributed log-returns, the optimization problem is equivalent to Markowitz mean-variance optimization, connected through the risk aversion coefficient. The results show that the optimal holding vector is almost independent of elliptical distribution used to model log-returns, while Expected Shortfall is strongly dependent on elliptical distribution with higher Expected Shortfall as a result of fatter distribution tails. To model the tails of the log-returns asymmetrically, generalized Pareto distributions are used together with a normal copula to capture multivariate dependence. In this case, the optimization problem is not equivalent to Markowitz mean-variance optimization and the advantages of using Expected Shortfall as risk measure are utilized. With the asymmetric log-return model there is a noticeable difference in optimal holding vector compared to the elliptical distributed model. Furthermore the Expected Shortfall in-creases, which follows from better modeled distribution tails. The general conclusions in this thesis project is that portfolio optimization with Expected Shortfall is an important problem being advantageous over Markowitz mean-variance optimization problem when log-returns are modeled with asymmetric distributions. The major drawback of portfolio optimization with Expected Shortfall is that it is a simulation based optimization problem introducing statistical uncertainty, and if the log-returns are drawn from a copula the simulation process involves more steps which potentially can make the program slower than drawing from an elliptical distribution. Thus, portfolio optimization with Expected Shortfall is appropriate to employ when trades are made on daily basis. / Examensarbetet behandlar robust portföljoptimering med Expected Shortfall tillämpad på en referensportfölj bestående av svenska linjära tillgångar med aktier och ett obligationsindex. Specifikt så utvidgas den klassiska definitionen av robust optimering som fokuserar på parameterosäkerhet till att även inkludera osäkerhet i log-avkastningsfördelning. Mitt bidrag till den robusta optimeringslitteraturen är att studera portföljoptimering med Expected Shortfall med log-avkastningar modellerade med antingen elliptiska fördelningar eller med en norma-copul med asymmetriska marginalfördelningar. Det robusta optimeringsproblemet löses med värsta tänkbara scenario parametrar från box och ellipsoid osäkerhetsset konstruerade från historiska data och kan användas när investeraren har en mer konservativ syn på marknaden än vad den historiska datan föreslår. Med elliptiskt fördelade log-avkastningar är optimeringsproblemet ekvivalent med Markowitz väntevärde-varians optimering, kopplade med riskaversionskoefficienten. Resultaten visar att den optimala viktvektorn är nästan oberoende av vilken elliptisk fördelning som används för att modellera log-avkastningar, medan Expected Shortfall är starkt beroende av elliptisk fördelning med högre Expected Shortfall som resultat av fetare fördelningssvansar. För att modellera svansarna till log-avkastningsfördelningen asymmetriskt används generaliserade Paretofördelningar tillsammans med en normal-copula för att fånga det multivariata beroendet. I det här fallet är optimeringsproblemet inte ekvivalent till Markowitz väntevärde-varians optimering och fördelarna med att använda Expected Shortfall som riskmått används. Med asymmetrisk log-avkastningsmodell uppstår märkbara skillnader i optimala viktvektorn jämfört med elliptiska fördelningsmodeller. Därutöver ökar Expected Shortfall, vilket följer av bättre modellerade fördelningssvansar. De generella slutsatserna i examensarbetet är att portföljoptimering med Expected Shortfall är ett viktigt problem som är fördelaktigt över Markowitz väntevärde-varians optimering när log-avkastningar är modellerade med asymmetriska fördelningar. Den största nackdelen med portföljoptimering med Expected Shortfall är att det är ett simuleringsbaserat optimeringsproblem som introducerar statistisk osäkerhet, och om log-avkastningar dras från en copula så involverar simuleringsprocessen flera steg som potentiellt kan göra programmet långsammare än att dra från en elliptisk fördelning. Därför är portföljoptimering med Expected Shortfall lämpligt att använda när handel sker på daglig basis.

This study is a thesis ending a 120 credit masters program in Mathematics with specialization Financial Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). The subject of Smart beta is defined and studied in an index fund context. The portfolio weighting schemes tested are: equally weighting, maximum Sharpe ratio, maximum diversification, and fundamental weighting using P/E-ratios. The outcome of the strategies is measured in performance (accumulated return), risk, and cost of trading, along with measures of the proportions of different assets in the portfolio. The thesis goes through the steps of collecting, ordering, and ”cleaning” the data used in the process. A brief explanation of historical simulation used in estimation of stochastic variables such as expected return and covariance matrices is included, as well as analysis on the data’s distribution. The process of optimization and how rules for being UCITS compliant forms optimization programs with constraints is described. The results indicate that all, but the most diversified, portfolios tested outperform the market cap weighted portfolio. In all cases, the trading volumes and the market impact is increased, in comparison with the cap weighted portfolio. The Sharpe ratio maximizer yields a high level of return, while keeping the risk low. The fundamentally weighted portfolio performs best, but with higher risk. A combination of the two finds the portfolio with highest return and lowest risk. / Denna studie är ett examensarbete som avslutar ett 120 poängs mastersprogram i Matematik med inriktning mot Finansiell Matematik och Matematisk Statistik på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH). Ämnet Smart beta studeras i kontexten av en indexfond, där de olika testade principerna för viktning i portföljerna är: likaviktad, maximerad Sharpe-kvot, maximerad diversifiering, och fundamental viktning användandes av P/E-tal. Utfallet i testerna utvärderas i ackumulerad avkastning, portföljrisk, kostnad att handla i portföljen, och ett antal mått på fördelningen av tillgångarna. Studien går stegvis igenom processen för att samla in, ordna, och ”tvätta” data. En kort förklaring av historisk simulering, metoden för att estimera stokastiska variabler såsom kovariansmatriser, är inkluderad, såväl som en analys av distributionen av data. Processen för att optimera portföljerna och hur regler för att vara en UCITS-fond kan omformas till optimeringsvillkor beskrivs. Resultaten indikerar att alla utom den mest diversifierade portföljen har högre ackumulerad avkastning än den marknadsviktade portföljen under testperioden. I alla testade fall ökar handelsvolymen liksom marknadspåverkan när en annan strategi än marknadsviktad används. Portföljen med maximerad Sharpe-kvot ger en hög avkastning med bibehållen låg risk. Den fundamentalt viktade portföljen ger bäst avkastning, men med en litet förhöjd risk. Kombinationen av de båda metoderna ger den portföljen med högst ackumulerad avkastning och samtidigt lägst risk under testperioden.

Since the term ESG was coined in 2005, the growth of sustainable investments has outpaced the overall asset management industry. A lot of research has been done with regards to the link between sustainability and financial performance, despite the fact that there is a lack of transparency in sustainability of listed companies. This thesis breaks down the word sustainability into two di↵erent categories, and in turn eleven di↵erent parameters. The result is the term Q score which represents a company’s sustainability. The purpose is to increase transparency in the fund selection process for asset managers. Further, a multiobjective optimization problem is solved to analyze the relationships between return, risk and sustainability. The main subject is that accommodating sustainability as a third parameter in addition to return and risk modifies the fund selection process. The result indicates that the relationships between sustainability, return and risk follow the ecient market hypothesis, implying that an investor would have to sacrifice risk and return in order to achieve higher sustainability. With that said, the results indicated that the sacrifice is relatively small, and that there are a number of sustainable portfolios that perform well. Moving on, the reporting of ESG company data is still lacking. For this reason, this master thesis acts as a precursor for any future development within the field. / Sedan termen ESG utvecklades år 2005, har tillväxten av hållbara investeringar vuxit snabbare än den generella förvaltningsindustrin. Mycket forskning har gjorts kring hållbarhet kopplat till finansiell avkastning, men trots detta saknas det fortfarande en transparens rådande hållbarhet av noterade bolag. Detta examensarbete bryter ned termen hållbarhet till två kategorier, vilket i sin tur bryts ner till elva kvantifierbara parametrar. Resultatet blir ett så kallat Q score, som är ett värde på ett företags hållbarhet. Syftet med arbetet är att öka transparensen av fonders hållbarhetsarbete. Vidare löses ett optimeringsproblem med tre parametrar för att undersöka förållandena mellan avkastning, risk och hållbarhet. Resultatet indikerar att dessa förhållanden följer hypotesen om effektiva marknader, vilket innebär att en investerare måste offra avkastning och risk för att uppnå en mer hållbar portfölj. Med det sagt, indikererar resultatet att en investerare inte behöver offra mycket inom avkastning för att uppnå en hållbar portfölj. Vidare kvarstår det mycket arbete inom rapporteringen av ESG data på företagsnivå. Av detta skäl anses detta examensarbete vara en föregångare innan datan utvecklas vidare.

In recent years, quantum computers have achieved new levels of sophistication and are by some estimates only a few years from being used in production. A growing body of literature points toward their potential uses within various industries, with the finance industry identified as exceptionally full of prospective applications. One application that has seen recent experimental success is Quantum Portfolio Optimization (QPO), where researchers have successfully mapped the optimization task onto existing quantum hardware. As classical Portfolio Optimization (PO) algorithms often have high computational costs, achieving a quantum speed-up could bring major benefits for various stakeholders. One industry that makes use of PO is fund management. Considering the diversity that exists between funds, with regard to strategy and methods, it is likely that sociological factors play a part in selecting which technical solutions are employed. The interplay between sociological and technical factors will be central to this study, as it investigates the conditions for QPO within the Swedish fund management through a socio-technical perspective. First, semi-structured qualitative interviews are conducted with industry actors and quantum computer stakeholders. This is followed by a two-step thematic analysis, structured on the socio-technical dimensions of Geels’ Multi-Level Perspective (MLP). After coding statements, four key themes are created to describe characteristics of the industry. Second, these themes are analyzed together with the niche of QPO through the lens of System Innovations theories, to evaluate the readiness of QPO and its potential socio-technical effects on the industry. The key findings characterizing the fund management industry are summarized through four themes. In particular, the trade-off between quantitative and qualitative methods, the inadequacy of historical data, the importance of third-party suppliers, and the poorly functioning and rigid competitive landscape are key characteristics. The current state of QPO is not considered to have reached a commercially viable price-to-performance ratio but has built a strong support that will help it improve over time. Furthermore, the results point toward QPO being introduced in a limited fashion, but may over time cause significant disruption, as it contributes to reshaping the socio-technical architecture of the industry. / Under de senaste åren har kvantdatorer uppnått nya nivåer av sofistikation och är enligt vissa uppskattningar bara några år från att användas i produktion. Alltmer litteratur pekar ut potentiella användningsområden inom olika branscher och finansbranschen har identifierats som ett område med särskilt stor potential. En applikation som nyligen sett experimentell framgång är 'Quantum Portfolio Optimization' (QPO), där forskare framgångsrikt har översatt och beräknat optimeringsuppgiften på existerande kvantdatorer. Eftersom klassiska portföljoptimeringsalgoritmer ofta är krävande i datorkraft så kan kvantdatorers snabbhet potentiellt ge stora fördelar för olika intressenter. En bransch som använder portföljoptimering är fondförvaltning. Med tanke på den mångfald som finns bland fonder, med avseende på strategi och metoder, är det troligt att sociologiska faktorer spelar en roll i valet av vilka tekniska lösningar som används. Samspelet mellan sociologiska och tekniska faktorer kommer att vara centralt i denna studie, då den ämnar undersöka villkoren förutsättningarna för QPO inom svenska fondindustrin genom ett sociotekniskt perspektiv. Först genomförs halvstrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med branschaktörer och kvantdatoraktörer. Detta följs av en tematisk analys i två steg, strukturerad efter de sociotekniska dimensionerna i Geels 'Multi-Level Perspective' (MLP). Baserat på kodning av uttalanden så skapas fyra nyckelteman för att beskriva branschens egenskaper. Sedan analyseras dessa teman tillsammans med nischen, QPO, utifrån perspektiv från systeminnovationsteorier för att utvärdera QPO:s beredskap och dess potentiella sociotekniska effekter på branschen. De viktigaste resultaten som kännetecknar fondindustrin sammanfattas genom fyra teman. I synnerhet är avvägningen mellan kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder, bristfälligheten i historiska data, betydelsen av tredjepartsleverantörer och det dåligt fungerande och styva konkurrenslandskapet viktiga egenskaper. Det nuvarande läget för QPO anses inte ha nått en kommersiellt lönsam nivå sett till förhållandet mellan pris och prestanda, men nischen har byggt ett starkt stödnätverk som kommer hjälpa den att förbättras över tid. Dessutom pekar resultaten mot att nischteknologin QPO kommer att introduceras i begränsad utsträckning, men kan med tiden ändå komma att orsaka betydande störningar eftersom den bidrar till att omforma branschens socio-tekniska arkitektur.