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31	Capteurs de position innovants : application aux Systèmes de Transport Intelligents dans le cadre d'un observatoire de trajectoires de véhicules / New position sensors : application to Intelligent Transport Systems within the context of estimation of vehicule trajectories Aubin, Sébastien 12 December 2009 (has links) Améliorer la sécurité routière passe par une meilleure compréhension des causes d'accidents. Il est donc nécessaire de développer des observatoires discrets pour étudier la manière de conduire de tous les automobilistes. Une partie de cette analyse implique l'utilisation de capteurs mesurant les trajectoires des véhicules sur une portion de route. Deux capteurs innovants ont été crées pour pallier au manque de capteurs suffisamment précis pour ces travaux de recherche : le premier est un capteur à fibres optiques présentant une succession de réseaux de Bragg et le second, protégé par un brevet, est fondé sur une technologie résistive. Le premier repère la déformation locale de fibres optiques noyées à moins d'un centimètre sous la surface de la chaussée. Il utilise la variation de longueurs d'onde engendré par l'extension de la fibre à la zone de contact roue - sol. En utilisant un algorithme adéquat, il est insensible à la température. Le second est constitué de deux conducteurs dont un est résistif. Le poids du véhicule engendre un contact électrique entre les deux conducteurs, transformant la résistance électrique de l'ensemble. Les modèles développés, électrique ainsi que de variation thermique, permettent sa meilleure utilisation. Ils ont été soumis à une expérimentation sur une route départementale. Le capteur optique s'avère plus performant mais coûteux. Le deuxième n'est pas assez robuste mais présente des perspectives intéressantes. / This action stake is not technology for itself. It is a great help the development of new safety functions, e.g. the estimation of driver’s behaviour based uponthe vehicle’s trajectory. This trajectory is determined via two sensors we developed. This system must not disturb the driver and should therefore remain invisible to him. The first one is a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. It detects local strain due to the vehicle weight. The fiber is embedded in the road thanks to resin used in other traffic sensors. The vehicle location is spotted according to the variations of Bragg wavelengths. The fiber extension located under the ground - wheel contact zone changes the step of the Bragg grating. The second one is based upon two conductors. One of them has a grater electrical resistance. The vehicle’s weight creates a link between the two conductors. The resulting electrical resistance provides a lateral position estimation of the vehicle. Electrical and thermic models and simulation even increase the sensor reliability. A caveat is lodged. Both of them were tested on a secondary road. To put in a nutshell, the FBG sensor gives better results but is very expensive (sensors and interrogator too). The resistance sensor is not much raw nevertheless it has interesting perspectives. Réseau de Bragg Capteur résistif Capteur à fibres optiques Observatoire de trajectoires Capteurs de position Capteurs routiers Position latérale Bragg grating Resistance sensor Fiber optic sensor Estimation of vehicle trajectories Position sensor Traffic sensor Lateral position estimation Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
32	Design of simulation platform joigning site specific radio propagation and human mobility for localization applications Amiot, Nicolas 02 December 2013 (has links) (PDF) This thesis focuses on the development of tools and methods dedicated for ultra wide band (UWB) localization systems in indoor environment. The thesis work was conducted within the European FP7 project Where2, about the cooperative localization in cellular networks. Data from a measurement campaign conduct during the project are used to validate the proposed algorithms. This thesis is divided in four parts : The first part is focused on the description of an original raytraing tool based on a graph description. In order to be compliant with the requirement of a mobile simulation, a new concept of rays signature enabling incremental computation, and a vectorized formalism for processing rays are described and implemented. The second part is focused on the indoor localization techniques, where a novel technique based on interval analysis approaches is presented and compared to alternative techniques. Advantageously using this approach, a specific processing based on an hypothesis testing method using received power observations to resolve ambiguities appearing in under determined localization problems is described. A third part describes different aspects of the dynamic platform. In particular a realistic mobility model based on ''steering behaviors'', a graph description of the network scene and an inter agents communication protocol are detailed. The fourth section uses measured data obtained from an heterogeneous measurement campaign to validate both the developed software platform and the proposed localization algorithms. [SPI:OTHER] Engineering Sciences/Other Human mobility simulation Wireless localization methods Vectorized computation Ray-tracing Ultra wide band
33	Bezsnímačové řízení střídavých motorů na platformě STM32 / Sensorless control of AC motors on STM32 platform Soviš, Jiří January 2021 (has links) The thesis is focused on the issue of sensorless vector control of a synchronous motor with permanent magnets in the low-speed range. In the first part, there is a brief description of the synchronous motor and the necessary transformations for the application of vector control. This is followed by the overview of sensorless methods for position estimation by injecting a high-frequency harmonic signal. The practical part is devoted to the implementation of a control algorithm to develop kit STM32NUCLEO-L476RG, which is preceded by the identification of all engine parameters. As part of the implementation, a structure including current, speed and position control was designed. The functionality and robustness of the settings have been successfully tested due to the different inertia and load.
34	Určení pozice mobilního zařízení v prostoru / Localization of Mobile Device in Space Komár, Michal January 2013 (has links) This thesis focuses on the current localization options of the Android mobile phone platform. It explores the possibilities of locating mobile devices not only with the use of inertial sensors, but also the possibility of localization using integrated video camera. The work describes the measurements done with available inertial sensors, introduces visual localization algorithm and design a system using these two approaches.
35	Design of simulation platform joigning site specific radio propagation and human mobility for localization applications / Conception d'une plateforme de simulation spécialisée dans la propagation radio et la mobilité humaine pour des applications de localisation Amiot, Nicolas 02 December 2013 (has links) Cette thèse porte sur le développement d'outils et de méthodes pour l'étude des systèmes de localisation Ultra Large Bande en milieu intérieur. Le travail de thèse a été mené pour partie dans le cadre du projet Européen FP7 WHERE2, portant sur la localisation coopérative dans les réseaux cellulaires. La thèse utilise pour sa partie validation des données obtenues dans le cadre de ce projet. La thèse comporte 4 grandes parties. Une première partie présente un outil de raytracing basé sur une description à base de graphes. Afin de pouvoir adresser les problématiques de simulation de la mobilité, l'outil introduit le concept nouveau de signature ainsi qu'un formalisme vectorisé permettant l'accélération du calcul du champ sur les rayons obtenus. Une seconde partie concerne les techniques de localisation utilisées en intérieur et propose une technique originale basée sur des approches ensemblistes. Cette technique est évaluée et comparée à des techniques alternatives comme le des moindres carrés pondérés ou le maximum de vraisemblance. Tirant partie des spécificités de la méthode précédente, une méthode basé sur un test d'hypothèse est décrite. Cette dernière propose d'exploiter les données de puissance reçue (largement disponible en pratique) pour lever les ambiguïtés multimodales dans les cas de carence d'observables précis. Une troisième partie présente 3 aspects de la plateforme dynamique. Tout d'abord un modèle de mobilité réaliste basé sur les «steering behaviors», puis la description sous forme de graphe du réseaux sans fils et enfin un protocole simplifié de communication inter agents. La quatrième partie exploite des données radio obtenues lors d'une campagne de mesure pour valider les différents étages de la plateforme et les algorithmes de localisation proposés. / This thesis focuses on the development of tools and methods dedicated for ultra wide band (UWB) localization systems in indoor environment. The thesis work was conducted within the European FP7 project Where2, about the cooperative localization in cellular networks. Data from a measurement campaign conduct during the project are used to validate the proposed algorithms. This thesis is divided in four parts : The first part is focused on the description of an original raytraing tool based on a graph description. In order to be compliant with the requirement of a mobile simulation, a new concept of rays signature enabling incremental computation, and a vectorized formalism for processing rays are described and implemented. The second part is focused on the indoor localization techniques, where a novel technique based on interval analysis approaches is presented and compared to alternative techniques. Advantageously using this approach, a specific processing based on an hypothesis testing method using received power observations to resolve ambiguities appearing in under determined localization problems is described. A third part describes different aspects of the dynamic platform. In particular a realistic mobility model based on ''steering behaviors'', a graph description of the network scene and an inter agents communication protocol are detailed. The fourth section uses measured data obtained from an heterogeneous measurement campaign to validate both the developed software platform and the proposed localization algorithms. Simulateur de mobilité humaine Méthodes de localisation sans fils Calcul informatique vectorisé Outil de tracé de rayons Ultra large bande Human mobility simulation Wireless localization methods Vectorized computation Ray-tracing Ultra wide band
36	Towards Inertial Sensor-Based Position Estimation in Bouldering Koller, Tom, Laue, Tim, Frese, Udo 14 October 2022 (has links) For some years, inertial sensors have become increasingly popular in various sports applications due to their small size and weight. However – due to the problem of sensor drift – additional sensors are usually required to obtain reliable position estimates. In this paper, we present an approach for position estimation in bouldering that relies solely on inertial sensors and domain knowledge that is modeled as a virtual sensor. / Seit einigen Jahren erfreuen sich Inertialsensoren aufgrund ihrer geringen Größe und ihres geringen Gewichts zunehmender Beliebtheit in verschiedenen Sportanwendungen. Aufgrund des Problems des Sensordrifts sind jedoch in der Regel zusätzliche Sensoren erforderlich, um zuverlässige Positionsschätzungen zu erhalten. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir einen Ansatz zur Positionsschätzung beim Bouldern vor, der sich ausschließlich auf Inertialsensoren und Domänenwissen stützt, welches als virtueller Sensor modelliert wird. ddc:790 Sport info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/Spiele ddc:Spiele ddc:Unterhaltung Bouldern Virtueller Sensor Positionierung
37	Evaluation of Target Tracking Using Multiple Sensors and Non-Causal Algorithms Vestin, Albin, Strandberg, Gustav January 2019 (has links) Today, the main research field for the automotive industry is to find solutions for active safety. In order to perceive the surrounding environment, tracking nearby traffic objects plays an important role. Validation of the tracking performance is often done in staged traffic scenarios, where additional sensors, mounted on the vehicles, are used to obtain their true positions and velocities. The difficulty of evaluating the tracking performance complicates its development. An alternative approach studied in this thesis, is to record sequences and use non-causal algorithms, such as smoothing, instead of filtering to estimate the true target states. With this method, validation data for online, causal, target tracking algorithms can be obtained for all traffic scenarios without the need of extra sensors. We investigate how non-causal algorithms affects the target tracking performance using multiple sensors and dynamic models of different complexity. This is done to evaluate real-time methods against estimates obtained from non-causal filtering. Two different measurement units, a monocular camera and a LIDAR sensor, and two dynamic models are evaluated and compared using both causal and non-causal methods. The system is tested in two single object scenarios where ground truth is available and in three multi object scenarios without ground truth. Results from the two single object scenarios shows that tracking using only a monocular camera performs poorly since it is unable to measure the distance to objects. Here, a complementary LIDAR sensor improves the tracking performance significantly. The dynamic models are shown to have a small impact on the tracking performance, while the non-causal application gives a distinct improvement when tracking objects at large distances. Since the sequence can be reversed, the non-causal estimates are propagated from more certain states when the target is closer to the ego vehicle. For multiple object tracking, we find that correct associations between measurements and tracks are crucial for improving the tracking performance with non-causal algorithms. evaluation target tracking multiple sensors non-causal smoother smoothing tracking vehicle tracking camera lidar estimate estimation prediction vehicle dynamics sensor fusion real-time tracking extended kalman filter filter validation validation position estimation velocity estimation dynamic model model complexity multi object tracking multiple object tracking single object tracking data association tracking fundamentals iterated kalman filter track management gnn global nearest neighbour mahalanobis mahalanobis distance performance evaluation differential gps dgps roi ego several sensors sensors rmse root mean square error invertible motion anti-causal motion anti-causal tracking constant velocity gnn imu tfs two filter smoother ekf rts radar inertial measurement unit nonlinear nonlinear systems mono camera monocular camera noise model tracking performance fixed interval smoothing m/n logic centralized fusion non-causal object tracker car tracking car dynamics automotive active safety object tracking automotive industry thesis master reverse dynamics reverse tracking reverse sequence sequence tracking data propagation ground truth estimating ground truth additional sensors mounted sensors true estimates environment comparison algorithm independent targets overlapping measurements occluded track switch improve lower uncertainty more certain state process noise covariance sampling image sprt adas cnn cv pdf track target ego tracker tentative track observatiom online tracking offline tracking online offline recorded sequences robust self driving self-driving car traffic trajectory true state scenario scenarios future accurate output advanced driver assistance systems non-linear complex noise pedestrian truck bus maneuvering vehicles processed measurement frame state correction probability density function tuning likelihood transition measurement motion model recursion gaussian approximation distribution linear jacobian multiplicative noise ratio ad hoc ad hoc state space approach backward auction euclidean distance statistical threshold gating association margin normalize covariance matrix fusion confirmed rejected tentative history absolute error modular ego motion parameters variables logg hardware specification fused causal factorization independent uncorrelated transform moving rotation translation oncoming overtaking Control Engineering Reglerteknik

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