The aim of this study is to examine if English textbooks offer a cultural perspective of the English-speaking world in accordance with Swedish ordinances and recent research. The research question is: How is the English-speaking world culturally represented in English textbooks for Swedish upper secondary school course A in terms of ethnicity and national identity? The study comprises four textbooks from 2000 or later. The analysis is carried out within the framework of post-colonial theory. Four aspects are focused on: the ideological point of view, the representation of ethnicity, the representation of national identity and how these issues correspond to the ordinances. The results display that the books contain almost no biased stereotypes and that they fulfil several, if not always all, of the requirements of the English syllabus. All books include texts that provide balanced information about the ways of living, the cultural traditions and the historical conditions of a few selected countries. There are also exercises and activities that encourage intercultural understanding. However, the focus is mainly on the West and the view of culture is remarkably often based on national and monolithic assumptions. In particular, the positive values of cultural and ethnic diversity are still not fully acknowledged. In order to develop international solidarity and greater understanding and tolerance of other people, a higher degree of post-colonial and diasporic writing is needed. Above all, cultural issues have to be allowed to imbue the entire material.

This thesis will examine and evaluate how post-colonial and universal key concepts reflects on The Universal Declaration of Human rights, the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, and the ASEAN Declaration on Human Rights in order to provide diverse understandings of the concept of rights. The purpose of the study is to examine and evaluate how some of the key concepts of post-colonialism and universalism are reflected in these three declarations. The research questions is “How do post-colonial and universal key concepts reflect on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, and the ASEAN Declaration on Human Rights?”. Through a qualitative content analysis on these three declaration, the study will employ the ideal type method to outline the ideal types of post-colonialism and universalism and then apply the three declarations on these the ideal and key concepts. According to my findings, some key concepts of post-colonialism and universalism are explicitly and implicitly reflected in the declarations, some more heavily than others. While some of the concepts are shared across all three declarations, they differ in others. The African charter and ASEAN declaration tend to be more post-colonial in its approach while the Universal declaration of human rights takes a more universalistic stance. Human rights play a significant geopolitical role. In its name, it has acted as a uniting force, not least with the Universal declaration of human rights. However, ironically, it has also served as justification for war, invasions and other crimes against humanity. As much as this thesis is about human rights, it is also about colonialism, moral doctrine, cultures and the question about who to define these concepts. I hope that this thesis gives the reader a better understanding of human rights in a more pluralistic sense. I do also hope that this can help us increase our tolerance towards each other as humans and bring us closer to a more consensus in how we understand rights.

This thesis explores how the post-colonial structures in Ghana and Angola are affecting the mentality of the youth members in the political parties of NPP Youth Wing and JMPLA. The purpose is to discover whether the Political Youth Parties are able to provide ideas that challenge the current western influence in their politics. Angola and Ghana are the selected countries because despite their grand historical and cultural differences, the results are contributing to the claim that both are sharing the same struggle, coloniality. This research has been conducted with discourse analysis in official documents and semi-structured interviews with respective political youth parties. The theory used to analyse the content is social constructivism which has enabled this study to identify the mentality of the youths with its concept of social construction of reality. With regards to the result of the data, the youths provide possible solutions for reducing western influence but neglect the fact that those ideas are directed to neo-colonial structures, therefore this thesis concludes that the mentality of the youths remain colonised as its ancestors.

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Essa tese estuda os trabalhos de duas organisações que atuam na prevenção do turismo sexual de crianças e adolescentes, Ecpat na Suécia e Resposta no Brasil. Os tópicos estudados referem-se a como essas entidades organizam suas campanhas e quais as mensagens que elas enfocam. Também estuda-se o Código de Conduta/The Code of Conduct, um instrumento usado pelas duas organizações no intuito de facilitar a indústria do turismo a se comprometer na prevenção do turismo sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Desse modo, analiza-se os materiais de propaganda das agências suecas de viajem bem como faz-se um estudo geral sobre a propaganda brasileira de turismo desde a década de 1960. / This thesis studies the work of two organisations working to prevent child sex tourism, Ecpat in Sweden and Resposta in Brazil. Issues dealt with cover how the organisations campaign and what messages they choose to focus upon. I have also looked closer at the Code of Conduct, a tool used by both organisations to make the tourism industry committed to the prevention of child sex tourism. I have further analysed advertisement material from Swedish travel agencies and made a quick exposé over the Brazil tourism advertisements since the 1960s.

This study has the aim to analyze what impacts land grabbing in Rift Valley, Kenya, has on rural poor, as it is perceived from a gendered perspective. Land acquisitions, or land grabbing, is a growing global phenomenon, where companies and states (foreign and domestic) are claiming land for investments, to secure the growing demand for food and biofuels, with neg-ative impacts on the rural population. Most exposed are the rural poor women. The gender issue is however not analyzed in a proper way in the debate, which is why study is important.In Rift Valley, Kenya the situation is slightly different with domestic actors standing behind the grabs. The consequences are nonetheless felt by the rural poor population, especially by the women. Through field studies and interviews with women exposed to the phenomenon I have found that even though legislation exists to provide human rights, these are often violat-ed on the ground. Women’s experiences are examined and together with other first- and sec-ondary sources these are analyzed with the theoretical lens of post-colonial feminism and the capabilities approach, leading to the conclusion that women are more vulnerable for land grabs but are capable actors fighting to make their lives better.