No description available.

Afin de réaliser un appareil innovant pour la mesure de gaz polluants, la société SVS@CAP s’est associée avec le laboratoire de physique corpusculaire en 2009 pour la création du projet EREBUS. Ce projet a pour but la réalisation d’un ensemble de dispositifs sans fil permettant d’effectuer une surveillance de la concentration de gaz polluants. L’autonomie et la compacité d’un tel dispositif étant essentielles, la problématique principale porte sur la réduction de la consommation. A partir d’une première étude menée sur les différentes technologies existantes, les capteurs électrochimiques ont été identifiés comme les moins consommateurs d’énergie. Pour chacun des gaz cibles, un modèle électrique du capteur associé a été déterminé. A partir de ces modèles, une architecture dédiée et épurée a pu être déduite. Pour atteindre et même dépasser les objectifs de consommation, les efforts ont aussi été portés sur un dimensionnement avec la méthode gm/id. La réalisation de cette électronique intégrée a permis d’atteindre une consommation de l’ordre du μW pour chaque voie de mesure. Enfin, pour compléter la chaîne de lecture, plusieurs architectures de convertisseurs ont été étudiées et réalisées pour fonctionner à des fréquences déchantillonnage proches du Hz. Les consommations obtenues pour les convertisseurs sont limitées avec comme ordre de grandeur la centaine de nW. / In order to realize an innovative product for pollutants in the atmosphere, SVS@CAP company started in 2009 the EUREBUS project in collaboration with the "Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire". The aim of this project is to design a wireless equipement to measure gas concentrations. The key issues of this project are concerning the autonomy as well as the small size of the product. In consequence an integrated and low power electronics remains essential. From a first study of the existing technologies to detect gaz concentrations, electrochemical sensors were selected because of their low power consumption. For each of the target gas, an electrical model was determined. From those models, a specific architecture was designed. A special effort was made on the energy consumption thanks to the use of the gm/id methodology which was necessary to achieve and exceed the specifications. The final order of the power consumption of the front-end developped and realized is around the μW. Finally, in order to complete the chain of acquisition, some architectures of analog to digital converter were studied, developped and realized with sample frequencies close to the Hz. The power consumptions of the converters developped are limited to the order of the hundreds of nW.

Lactate is an important biomarker in sports and the lactate threshold concept is one of the best indicators of endurance performance in an athlete. However, to quantify the lactate threshold, an invasive method to take a blood sample must be used. Limitations for this method include stopping the active exercise for blood sampling and no real-time feedback. Instead, a novel non-invasive wearable biosensor can be used to measure the lactate concentration in sweat. The sensor generates an electrical current depending on the lactate concentration in the sweat, and therefore must an electronic device called a potentiostat be used to condition the current. However, available potentiostats are not suitable for use in sports where form factor, battery life and wireless connectivity is important. This thesis aims to solve this by developing a wearable device and software which can be used to measure the lactate concentration in sweat in real-time during exercise. The development process consisted of the determination of specifications, prototype development and thorough laboratory and on-body testing. Finally, a novel wearable device and software capable of real-time lactate measurements in sweat during exercise were presented. The device, called LactateStat, was 58mm ∗ 55mm ∗ 13mm, the current consumption was only 7.8mA, the current measurement resolution was 0.5 nA, the limit of detection was 0.45 nA and the current measurement range was around 750 μA. LactateStat is one of the first of its kind and provides a base for future development as the hardware, firmware and software resources are provided as open-source. / Laktat är en viktig biomarkör inom idrott och konceptet laktattröskel är en av de bästa indikatorerna för uthållighet hos en idrottsutövare. Men för att mäta laktattröskeln krävs en invasiv metod som går ut på att man tar ett blodprov. Begränsningarna med denna metod är bland annat att idrottsutövningen måste stoppas för att ta ett blodprov och att man inte får realtidsåterkoppling. I stället kan en liten och icke-invasiv bärbar biosensor användas för att mäta laktatkoncentrationen i svett. Sensorn genererar en elektrisk ström beroende på laktatkoncentrationen i svetten och en enhet som kallas potentiostat måste därför användas för att mäta denna ström. Tillgängliga potentiostater är dock inte lämpliga för användning inom sport där formfaktor, batteritid och trådlös kommunikation är viktigt. Denna avhandling har som syfte att lösa detta genom att utveckla en bärbar enhet och mjukvara som kan användas för att mäta laktatkoncentrationen i svett i realtid under träning. Utvecklingsprocessen bestod av bestämning av specifikationer, framtagning av en prototyp och noggrann laboratorie- och kroppstestning. Som resultat presenterades en banbrytande bärbar enhet och mjukvara som kan mäta laktat i realtid i svett under träning. Enheten, som kallades LactateStat, var 58mm * 55mm * 13mm, den aktiva strömförbrukningen var 7.8mA, den bästa mätupplösningen för ström var 0.5 nA, detektionsgränsen var 0.45 nA och det maximala mätområdet för ström var ca. 750 μA. LactateStat är en av de första i sitt slag och ger en bas för framtida utvecklingsarbete eftersom hårdvaru-, programvaru- och mjukvaruresurserna tillhandahålls som öppen källkod.

In recent years (Of late year)microelectronic technology significantly affected in the field of sensor technology, especially in the field of electrochemical sensors. This thesis deals with design and construction of thick-film voltammetric sensors array. The reason for proposal of voltammetric sensors array is to increase of speed, increase the accuracy and extension possibilities measurement compared with common systems.By reason of increase of sensitivity of these sensors it is efficient use the potentiostat chip for measurement output signal. Created sensors must fulfill the specified parameters and also requirements of thick-film technology. Next step is design the basic blocks of electronic circuit used to evaluate the measured values.

No description available.

Despite the increasing number of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors reported in the research literature, few have achieved success outside of a laboratory setting. This can partly be attributed to accessibility issues with commercially available readout instruments. Consequently, low-cost and portable readout instruments have been developed by researchers, but these devices fail to address other key compatibility and accessibility challenges. Much like the commercial systems, these devices are not natively compatible with multiplexed signal assays consisting of two or more working electrodes, cannot control optical excitation sources for photoelectrochemical biosensing, nor can they interface with auxiliary instruments such as heaters and electromagnets. To this end, we have developed a low-cost smartphone-operated electrochemical and photoelectrochemical readout system for point-of-care biosensing. Our readout system can perform standard voltammetric techniques and is capable of synchronously controlling an optical excitation source to support photoelectrochemical biosensing. This device is compatible with standard three-electrode assays as well as dual signal assays with two working electrodes. We have also created a portable sample heater that can be controlled by this readout system to facilitate on-site sample heating and have also integrated a portable electromagnet to perform away-from-lab magnetic manipulation. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc) / Early and prompt detection of disease biomarkers is crucial in order to develop effective disease management strategies. Unfortunately, many gold-standard diagnostic techniques for infectious diseases, cancers, heart diseases, among other conditions prove to be time-consuming, costly, and reliant on trained professionals in a laboratory setting. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical detection are two sensing modalities that show promising potential for point-of-care applications, as they are easily miniaturized, inexpensive, and can be used to detect both the presence of and the amount of analyte present. However, up until now, these sensing modalities have mostly been confined to research settings. To expedite the commercialization of such sensors and to facilitate their translation to point-of-care diagnostics, we have developed a low-cost smartphone-operated electrochemical and photoelectrochemical readout system. Through the integration of peripheral instruments including a sample heater, electromagnet, and optical excitation source, this system is compatible with a number of different biosensors.

<p dir="ltr">Portable sensing enables an enhanced form of disease monitoring due to its accessible form-factors, low costs, and insights into user health, along with enhanced detection methods due to its many use cases for at-home or in-field applications. To that end, electrochemistry has been a widely used technique in characterization, detection, and diagnostics. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is an electrochemical technique that enables electrode surface characterization through changes in impedance across a given frequency range making it sensitive to interactions at the electrode surface and enabling the detection and quantification of analytes. While EIS has been traditionally limited to benchtop potentiostats, advancements in integrated circuits (ICs) have since enabled the miniaturization of potentiostats for at-home or field applications. However, implementation of EIS in a portable format is still limited by discontinuous measurements, high cost, or designs not fit for portability. This work revolves around the development of a miniaturized potentiostat that can implement EIS to better accommodate the need for miniaturized sensing platforms. My design uses the AD5941 IC which is a single-chip potentiostat analog-front-end enabling a small form-factor that fits in the palm of the user’s hand. The device was able to characterize a resistor-capacitor circuit with errors as low as 0.33% and quantify the concentration of a redox active compound with a 6.2% error, providing agreeable results with a commercial benchtop potentiostat and demonstrating our device’s potential for diagnostic applications. Our working frequency range of 200 kHz – 0.15 Hz, coupled with high system configurability and a cost of $50 makes our device an accessible option for at-home and portable applications. Future work to implement truly wireless functionalities, such as WiFi or Bluetooth Low Energy, along with experimental testing of biological substances will create a truly robust platform for portable diagnostic and sensing applications.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:42:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suelen Crevelim Silva.pdf: 3866346 bytes, checksum: 3dd3259ba44393b9c02d14ec5a79eb48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-20 / Every year, corrosion in metallic substrates causes waste in the order of millions of dollars, and with the prohibition or restriction in the use of substances such as chromium there is a need for alternatives to increase the life cycle of metallic apparatuses. This work incorporated sodium benzoate and sodium nitrite as corrosion inhibitor in commercial paints, which assists in the prevention against environment corrosion. Synthetic enamel paint from Coral was used as a vehicle for the addition of the inhibitors; the paints were applied on working electrodes made of SAE 1006 steel that is a low carbon and easily corroded steel. Afterwards, potentionstat measurements were performed according to the ASTM standard G59-97(2009). Satisfactory results were found when sodium nitrite was use in the concentration of 0.05% and 0.7%, showing corrosions rates of 8,8602.10-05 mm/year and 2,2207.10-04 mm/year, respectively; samples containing 0.5% of sodium benzoate showed a corrosion rate of 1,3994.10-4 mm/year. These corrosion rates prove the efficiency of using corrosion inhibitors because the SAE 1006 steel presented a corrosion rate of 2,1759 mm/year. Coatings were also characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, and IR spectroscopy. Keywords: Sodium nitrite; sodium benzoate; potentiostat; anticorrosive; SAE 1006 steel. / A corrosão em substratos metálicos é a causa de gastos na escala de milhões de dólares, todos os anos e com a proibição ou restrição do uso de substâncias como o cromo, por exemplo, buscam-se alternativas para aumentar a vida útil de aparatos metálicos. Este trabalho procurou incorporar benzoato de sódio e nitrito de sódio como aditivos inibidores de corrosão em tintas comerciais, que auxiliam no aumento da proteção contra a corrosão ambiente. Como meio para a adição foi usado um esmalte sintético da Coral, aplicado sobre eletrodos de trabalho feitos com aço SAE 1006 que tem teor de carbono baixo e é fácil de ser corroído. Em seguida foram realizadas medidas potenciométricas seguindo a norma ASTM G59-97(2009). Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios com o uso de nitrito de sódio nas concentrações de 0,05 % e 0,7 % apresentando taxas de corrosão em torno de 8,8602.10-05 mm/a e 2,2207.10-04 mm/a respectivamente e para o benzoato de sódio na concentração de 0,5 % com taxa de corrosão em torno de 1,3994.10-4 mm/a, comprovando a eficiência do uso de inibidores uma vez que o aço 1006 possui taxa de corrosão em 2,1759 mm/a. Os filmes de melhor resultado também foi caracterizados por técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e o que mais se destacou também foi caracterizado por espectroscopia na região do Infravermelho.

Afin de réaliser un appareil innovant pour la mesure de gaz polluants, la société SVS@CAP s'est associée avec le laboratoire de physique corpusculaire en 2009 pour la création du projet EREBUS. Ce projet a pour but la réalisation d'un ensemble de dispositifs sans fil permettant d'effectuer une surveillance de la concentration de gaz polluants. L'autonomie et la compacité d'un tel dispositif étant essentielles, la problématique principale porte sur la réduction de la consommation. A partir d'une première étude menée sur les différentes technologies existantes, les capteurs électrochimiques ont été identifiés comme les moins consommateurs d'énergie. Pour chacun des gaz cibles, un modèle électrique du capteur associé a été déterminé. A partir de ces modèles, une architecture dédiée et épurée a pu être déduite. Pour atteindre et même dépasser les objectifs de consommation, les efforts ont aussi été portés sur un dimensionnement avec la méthode gm/id. La réalisation de cette électronique intégrée a permis d'atteindre une consommation de l'ordre du microwatt pour chaque voie de mesure. Enfin, pour compléter la chaîne de lecture, plusieurs architectures de convertisseurs ont été étudiées et réalisées pour fonctionner à des fréquences d'échantillonnage proches du Hz. Les consommations obtenues pour les convertisseurs sont limitées avec comme ordre de grandeur la centaine de nW.

No description available.