Avaliar a forma como interagem o chamado poder diretivo do empregador e a liberdade de expressão do empregado é o desafio que se empreende neste trabalho. Em certa medida, a eleição do tema já revela a adesão deste mestrando à corrente doutrinária que concebe existência de direitos fundamentais trabalhistas, específicos e inespecíficos, no âmbito e no universo das relações de trabalho, no caso do presente estudo, na relação de emprego. Para atingir o escopo proposto quando da escolha do tema, optamos pelo desenvolvimento de um trabalho em 6 capítulos, com análises e estudos, alguns de menor extensão, dado o caráter de coadjuvância com o tema principal, outros de maior extensão, dada a centralidade com a tarefa abraçada. Iniciamos nosso estudo com breves considerações históricas acerca do fenômeno do poder, cuidando do enquadramento conceitual e com abordagem de sua evolução a partir da antiguidade até o sistema capitalista, berço do direito do trabalho (1º Capítulo). Superada a abordagem do poder, genericamente considerado, debruçamos nossa atenção para a análise do poder diretivo de modo mais particular. E aqui tratamos das questões do conceito, fundamento legal e doutrinário, formas de expressão e limitações incidentes (2º Capítulo). O trabalho prossegue e com o propósito de estabelecer uma conexão com o trecho anterior do estudo, dirigimos a análise para a verificação dos direitos e deveres de empregado e empregador para que assim se evidencie potencialidades e limites tanto do poder diretivo do empregador, quanto dos direitos fundamentais do empregado, dentre os quais a liberdade de expressão (3º Capítulo). A sequencia do trabalho contém os esforços para o correto posicionamento da liberdade de expressão dentro do universo dos direitos humanos ou do homem, direitos fundamentais e direitos da personalidade. E com o intuito de melhor posicionar a liberdade de expressão, fazemos uma avaliação dentro do contexto do direito nacional e internacional, bem como abordamos, ainda que com pouca profundidade, a questão das gerações ou dimensões dos direitos fundamentais (4º Capítulo). O trato da liberdade de expressão tematiza o penúltimo capitulo e nele envidamos esforços para localizar em que esfera da existência do trabalhador subordinado, íntima, privada ou pessoal, ou no âmbito de todas estas, está a liberdade de expressão. Neste mesmo capítulo, devotamos nossa análise para a questão do plano de eficácia do direito fundamental à liberdade de expressão inclusive com o debate com a abordagem das formas, objeções, limites da liberdade de expressão e sobretudo com uma análise do direito em debate no contexto da relação de emprego, inclusive no que toca ao chamado direito de crítica. Encerramos esse capitulo com considerações acerca de medidas de proteção em caso de dispensa discriminatória. Na conclusão registramos nossas ponderações. / Assess how named steering power of the employer interacts and the employee\'s freedom of expression is the challenge that this work is undertaken. To some extent, the election theme already reveals the accession of the current Master\'s doctrinal conceives existence of fundamental labor, specific and nonspecific, and within the universe of labor relations in the case of this study, the employment relationship. To achieve the proposed scope when choosing the theme, we opted for the development of a work in 6 chapters, with analyzes and studies, some less extensive, given the character of co-acting with the main subject, other larger extent, given the centrality and embraced the task. We begin our study with brief historical considerations about the phenomenon of power, taking care of the conceptual framework and approach of its evolution from antiquity to the capitalist system, the cradle of labor law (Chapter 1). Approach to overcome the power, generally considered, worked through our attention to the analysis of power steering more particular. And here we treat the issues of concept, doctrinal and legal basis, forms of expression and limitations incidents (Chapter 2). The work continues in order to establish a connection with the earliest part of the study, headed analysis to verify the rights and duties of employee and employer so that if evidence of both potential and limits of the directive power of the employer, as rights key employee, among which the freedom of expression (Chapter 3). The sequence of this work includes efforts to the correct positioning of freedom of expression within the universe of human rights or of man, fundamental rights and personality rights. And in order to better position the freedom of speech, we make an assessment within the context of national and international law, as well as approach, albeit with little depth, the issue of generational dimensions or fundamental rights (Chapter 4). The tract of freedom of expression lead the penultimate chapter and we strive to find it in that sphere of existence of subordinate worker, intimate, private or personal, or under all these, is the freedom of expression. In this same chapter, we devote our analysis to the question of plan effectiveness of the fundamental right to freedom of expression and ended the debate with the approach of the ways, objections, limits of freedom of expression and especially the analysis of law in the context of the debate employment relationship, including with regard to the so-called right of criticism. In conclusion we recorded our weightings.

<p>The engine torque is an important control signal. This signal is disturbed by the devices mounted on the belt. To better be able to estimate the torque signal, this work aims to model the auxiliary devices'influence on the crankshaft torque. Physical models have been developed for the air conditioning compressor, the alternator and the power steering pump. If these models are to be used in control unit function development and testing, they have to be fast enough to run on a hardware-in-the-loop simulator in real time. The models have been simplified to meet these demands. </p><p>The compressor model has a good physical basis, but the validity of the control mechanism is uncertain. The alternator model has been tested against a real electronic control unit in a hardware-in-the-loop simulator, and tests show good results. Validation against measurements is however necessary to confirm the results. The power steering pump model also has a good physical basis, but it is argued that a simple model relating the macro input-output power could be more valuable for control unit function development.</p>

Demands for including more functions such as haptic guiding in power steering systems in road vehicles have increased with requirements on new active safety and comfort systems. Active safety systems, which have been proven to have a positive effect on overall vehicle safety, refer to systems that give the driver assistance in more and less critical situations to avoid accidents. Active safety features are going to play an increasingly important roll in future safety strategies; therefore, it is essential that sub systems in road vehicles, such as power steering systems, are adjusted to meet new demands. The traditional Hydraulic Power Assisted Steering, HPAS, system, cannot meet these new demands, due to the control unit's pure hydro-mechanical solution. The Active Pinion concept presented in this thesis is a novel concept for controlling the steering wheel torque in future active safety and comfort applications. The concept, which can be seen as a modular add-on added to a traditional HPAS system, introduces an additional degree of freedom to the control unit. Different control modes used to meet the demands of new functionality applications are presented and tested in a hardware-in-the-loop test rig. This thesis also covers various aspects of hydraulic power assisted steering systems in road vehicles. Power steering is viewed as a dynamic system and is investigated with linear and non-linear modeling techniques. The valve design in terms of area gradient is essential for the function of the HPAS system; therefore, a method involving optimization has been developed to determine the valve characteristic. The method uses static measurements as a base for calculation and optimization; the results are used in both linear and the non-linear models. With the help of the linear model, relevant transfer functions and the underlying control structure of the power steering system have been derived and analyzed. The non-linear model has been used in concept validation of the Active Pinion. Apart from concept validation and controller design of the active pinion, the models have been roven effective to explain dynamic phenomena related to HPAS systems, such as the chattering phenomena and hydraulic lag. / The printed version and the electronic version differ in that the electronic version contains two built in video films (see page 78 and page 89).

The engine torque is an important control signal. This signal is disturbed by the devices mounted on the belt. To better be able to estimate the torque signal, this work aims to model the auxiliary devices'influence on the crankshaft torque. Physical models have been developed for the air conditioning compressor, the alternator and the power steering pump. If these models are to be used in control unit function development and testing, they have to be fast enough to run on a hardware-in-the-loop simulator in real time. The models have been simplified to meet these demands. The compressor model has a good physical basis, but the validity of the control mechanism is uncertain. The alternator model has been tested against a real electronic control unit in a hardware-in-the-loop simulator, and tests show good results. Validation against measurements is however necessary to confirm the results. The power steering pump model also has a good physical basis, but it is argued that a simple model relating the macro input-output power could be more valuable for control unit function development.

Avaliar a forma como interagem o chamado poder diretivo do empregador e a liberdade de expressão do empregado é o desafio que se empreende neste trabalho. Em certa medida, a eleição do tema já revela a adesão deste mestrando à corrente doutrinária que concebe existência de direitos fundamentais trabalhistas, específicos e inespecíficos, no âmbito e no universo das relações de trabalho, no caso do presente estudo, na relação de emprego. Para atingir o escopo proposto quando da escolha do tema, optamos pelo desenvolvimento de um trabalho em 6 capítulos, com análises e estudos, alguns de menor extensão, dado o caráter de coadjuvância com o tema principal, outros de maior extensão, dada a centralidade com a tarefa abraçada. Iniciamos nosso estudo com breves considerações históricas acerca do fenômeno do poder, cuidando do enquadramento conceitual e com abordagem de sua evolução a partir da antiguidade até o sistema capitalista, berço do direito do trabalho (1º Capítulo). Superada a abordagem do poder, genericamente considerado, debruçamos nossa atenção para a análise do poder diretivo de modo mais particular. E aqui tratamos das questões do conceito, fundamento legal e doutrinário, formas de expressão e limitações incidentes (2º Capítulo). O trabalho prossegue e com o propósito de estabelecer uma conexão com o trecho anterior do estudo, dirigimos a análise para a verificação dos direitos e deveres de empregado e empregador para que assim se evidencie potencialidades e limites tanto do poder diretivo do empregador, quanto dos direitos fundamentais do empregado, dentre os quais a liberdade de expressão (3º Capítulo). A sequencia do trabalho contém os esforços para o correto posicionamento da liberdade de expressão dentro do universo dos direitos humanos ou do homem, direitos fundamentais e direitos da personalidade. E com o intuito de melhor posicionar a liberdade de expressão, fazemos uma avaliação dentro do contexto do direito nacional e internacional, bem como abordamos, ainda que com pouca profundidade, a questão das gerações ou dimensões dos direitos fundamentais (4º Capítulo). O trato da liberdade de expressão tematiza o penúltimo capitulo e nele envidamos esforços para localizar em que esfera da existência do trabalhador subordinado, íntima, privada ou pessoal, ou no âmbito de todas estas, está a liberdade de expressão. Neste mesmo capítulo, devotamos nossa análise para a questão do plano de eficácia do direito fundamental à liberdade de expressão inclusive com o debate com a abordagem das formas, objeções, limites da liberdade de expressão e sobretudo com uma análise do direito em debate no contexto da relação de emprego, inclusive no que toca ao chamado direito de crítica. Encerramos esse capitulo com considerações acerca de medidas de proteção em caso de dispensa discriminatória. Na conclusão registramos nossas ponderações. / Assess how named steering power of the employer interacts and the employee\'s freedom of expression is the challenge that this work is undertaken. To some extent, the election theme already reveals the accession of the current Master\'s doctrinal conceives existence of fundamental labor, specific and nonspecific, and within the universe of labor relations in the case of this study, the employment relationship. To achieve the proposed scope when choosing the theme, we opted for the development of a work in 6 chapters, with analyzes and studies, some less extensive, given the character of co-acting with the main subject, other larger extent, given the centrality and embraced the task. We begin our study with brief historical considerations about the phenomenon of power, taking care of the conceptual framework and approach of its evolution from antiquity to the capitalist system, the cradle of labor law (Chapter 1). Approach to overcome the power, generally considered, worked through our attention to the analysis of power steering more particular. And here we treat the issues of concept, doctrinal and legal basis, forms of expression and limitations incidents (Chapter 2). The work continues in order to establish a connection with the earliest part of the study, headed analysis to verify the rights and duties of employee and employer so that if evidence of both potential and limits of the directive power of the employer, as rights key employee, among which the freedom of expression (Chapter 3). The sequence of this work includes efforts to the correct positioning of freedom of expression within the universe of human rights or of man, fundamental rights and personality rights. And in order to better position the freedom of speech, we make an assessment within the context of national and international law, as well as approach, albeit with little depth, the issue of generational dimensions or fundamental rights (Chapter 4). The tract of freedom of expression lead the penultimate chapter and we strive to find it in that sphere of existence of subordinate worker, intimate, private or personal, or under all these, is the freedom of expression. In this same chapter, we devote our analysis to the question of plan effectiveness of the fundamental right to freedom of expression and ended the debate with the approach of the ways, objections, limits of freedom of expression and especially the analysis of law in the context of the debate employment relationship, including with regard to the so-called right of criticism. In conclusion we recorded our weightings.

Future heavy duty vehicles will be designed and manufactured with improved Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, ADAS. When developing ADAS, an accurate model of the vehicle dynamics greatly simplifies the development process. One element integral to the vehicle lateral dynamics and development of ADAS is the steering system. This thesis aims to develop an accurate model of a heavy duty vehicle steering system suitable for simulations. The input to the system is an input torque at the steering wheel and the output is the wheel angle. Physical models of the system components are developed using bond graphs and known relations. Some components are modelled with non-linear inefficiencies and friction of different complexity. Unknown parameters and functions are identified from measurement data using system identification tools such as, for example, linear regression and non-linear grid search. The different subsystems are identified separately to the extent deemed possible. Different model designs are considered, validated, and compared. The advantages and disadvantages of different model choices are discussed. Finally, a non-linear state space model is selected for its high accuracy and efficiency. As this final model can be used to simulate a heavy duty vehicle steering system on a desktop computer faster than real time, it fulfills its purpose.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Celso Sanvito.pdf: 916969 bytes, checksum: d57317de2425e73926673401b45206b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-18 / This paper addresses the fundamental rights, social and personality, and his performance in private relationships, with greater focus on employment, in order to verify the possibility of its impact on labor relations, overcoming a labor law purely economic and financial order the prevalence of human dignity, right through fundamental rights. Through a dialectical approach, analyzing by means of reasoning such as inductive, deductive and analogical fundamental rights, legal and historical aspects, this study seeks to demonstrate the resilience of the classical model of labor law, due to the changes that have occurred contemporary society due to globalization, against the imposition and effectiveness of fundamental rights to private, to enable its effectiveness in work relationships, including as a way to limit the directive power of the employer, demonstrating their fundamental rights, both individual and social, by workers / Esse trabalho aborda os direitos fundamentais, sociais e da personalidade, e sua atuação nas relações privadas, com maior enfoque nas laborais, com o intuito de verificar a possibilidade de sua incidência nas relações trabalhistas, superando um direito do trabalho exclusivamente econômico-financeiro, visando a prevalência da dignidade da pessoa humana, exatamente através dos direitos fundamentais. Através de uma abordagem dialética, analisando por meio de raciocínios, como o indutivo, dedutivo e o analógico os direitos fundamentais, seus aspectos legais e históricos, este estudo procura demonstrar a superação do modelo clássico de direito do trabalho, devido às transformações por que passa a sociedade contemporânea decorrentes da globalização para, ante à imposição e eficácia dos direitos fundamentais aos privados, possibilitar sua efetivação nas relações de trabalho, inclusive como forma de limite ao poder diretivo do empregador, demonstrando a titularidade dos direitos fundamentais, tanto individuais quanto sociais, pelos trabalhadores

De nos jours, la plupart des véhicules sont équipés de Directions Assistées Electriques (DAE). Ce type de systèmes d'aide à la conduite permet de réduire les efforts que le conducteur doit fournir pour tourner les roues. Ainsi, grâce à un moteur électrique, la DAE applique un couple additionnel en accord avec le comportement du conducteur et la dynamique du véhicule. Il est donc nécessaire de développer une commande en couple basée en particulier sur le signal provenant d'un capteur mesurant le couple agissant au niveau de la barre de torsion (correspondant à une image du couple conducteur). Ce composant est donc essentiel au fonctionnement de la DAE. Or, une défaillance de ce capteur entraine le plus souvent une coupure de l'assistance, pouvant mener à un risque d'accidents. Au regard de la sécurité fonctionnelle, un développement d'un mode de sécurité est recommandé, par de plus en plus de constructeurs automobiles. D'autre part, le marché des équipementiers automobiles reste un secteur très concurrentiel où une baisse des coûts de production est un challenge constamment recherché afin de gagner de nouvelles parts de marchés. Cet aspect de réduction du nombre de capteurs et d'analyse de la dynamique du véhicule s'inscrit donc dans le prolongement de la stratégie de sécurité. Cette thèse, menée au sein de JTEKT Europe, aborde ces divers enjeux. Après une présentation des différents systèmes de directions assistés électriques, des modèles sont présentés pour être utilisés lors de la conception de lois de commande et d'estimateurs. Ensuite deux méthodes d'estimation du couple conducteur sujet aux perturbations de la route et aux bruits de mesures sont proposées : la première est un observateur proportionnel intégral (PI) à synthèse mixte $H_infty/H_2$, et la seconde une approche par filtrage $H_infty$. Puis plusieurs stratégies de commande sont proposées suivant deux cas de figures distincts, soit en utilisant un observateur PI qui estime les états du système et le couple conducteur (LQR, commande LPV par retour d'état), soit en faisant abstraction d'estimateur de couple conducteur (commande $H_infty$ par retour de sortie dynamique). Ce dernier aspect présente l'avantage de nécessiter moins de mesures que le précédent. Ces approches ont été validées en simulation et mises en œuvre sur un véhicule prototype où des résultats prometteurs ont été obtenus. / Nowadays, modern vehicles are equipped with more and more driving assistance systems, among them Electric Power Steering (EPS) helps the driver to turn the wheels. Indeed, EPS provides through an electric motor, an additional torque according to the driver's behaviour and the vehicle's dynamics to reduce the amount of effort required to the driver. Therefore, a torque control is developed based on the torque sensor signal which measures in practice the torsion bar torque (corresponding to an image of the driver torque). Consequently, this component is essential to the functioning of EPS systems.Indeed, a torque sensor failure usually leads to shut-off the assistance which may increase the risk of accident. Regarding functional safety, a back-up mode is recommended and required by more and more car manufacturers. On the other hand, a major challenge for automotive suppliers is to reduce cost production in order to meet growing markets demands and manage in the competitive sector. This issue considering a reduction of sensors' numbers and analysis of vehicle's dynamics is therefore an extension of applying the safety strategy. This thesis, carried out within JTEKT Europe, addresses these various issues.After introducing an overview of the different EPS systems, some models used for the design of controllers and estimators are presented. Then, two methods to estimate the driver torque subject to road disturbances and noise measurements are proposed: the first is a proportional integral observer (PI) with mixed synthesis $H_infty / H_2 $, whereas the second is an $ H_infty $ filtering approach. Then, several control strategies are proposed according to two different cases, either by using a PI observer which estimates the system states and the driver torque (LQR, LPV feedback control) or by not taking into account the driver torque estimation ($ H_infty $dynamic output feedback control). This latter approach has the advantage to require less measurements than the previous one. These approaches have been validated in simulation and implemented on a prototype vehicle where promising results have been obtained.

Road feedback is an essential part of the driving experience, representing a connection betweenthe driver and the vehicle motion. Road feedback in a steer-by-wire system must berecreated and transferred to the driver through a feedback motor mounted on the steeringwheel. This project aimed to implement a function in the feedback motor control with thepurpose of giving the driver road feedback. The function should enhance the drivers trustand confidence in the steering system. Specifically, the function should provide the driverwith a feeling of being connected to the vehicle. A pre-study on the subject of steering feel was made as well as an interview study, whichresulted in a list of hypotheses. The hypotheses became a basis for generating conceptideas, together with measurement data of vehicle network signals for different drivingscenarios. Two different functions were then modelled and implemented in MathWorksSimulink. Function 1 models force components acting on the front road wheels in longitudinal,lateral and vertical direction. The forces result in a torque contribution fromeach dimension that acts around the steering axis and represents a reaction in the steeringsystem due to road disturbances. The torque is then translated to a steering wheel torque.Function 2 strives to capture road surface roughness through the high frequency informationin the steering rack motor torque. Three different road surfaces were studied; smoothasphalt, rough asphalt and gravel road. A test rig was used in order to verify the behaviour of the functions. The final step of theproject was to implement the functions in a test vehicle, where they could be further tunedand evaluated. The force component models of Function 1 captured different types of roadfeedback which were evaluated separately by timing, authenticity and desirability. Theresult of this evaluation was positive considering them separately. When the models werecombined it resulted in an unwanted behaviour. Function 2 gave torque feedback that feltauthentic and natural, especially for the gravel road case. However, it was more difficult todistinguish different asphalt types. The conclusion was that neither Function 1 nor 2 couldbe approved as finished functions, however both are considered as interesting concepts forfurther development. Fully steer-by-wire steering transmissions have now been approved for usage. This meansthat one of the remaining challenges for implementing steer-by-wire cars on today’s marketis the subjective views from the customers. Function 1 and 2 could be a way to providethe drivers with trust towards the steering, and at the same time, enhance the drivingexperience. / <p>The presentation was held at ACAS at Linköping University. The presentation included a summary and learnings from the project. A short demonstration was performed using a test-rig consisting of a steering wheel, a feedback motor and a control unit. </p>

A dissertação trata do estudo acerca dos direitos fundamentais do empregado, sob a ótica do direito fundamental à intimidade e à vida privada nas relações de emprego. Discute-se sobre a problemática gerada em torno do poder diretivo do empregador quando utiliza de métodos abusivos no controle da atividade laboral do empregado. Procura-se elucidar esses limites de controle, utilizando-se para tanto do direito comparado, da análise jurisprudencial e dos posicionamentos doutrinários. Em torno do tema proposto fala-se sobre o respeito e consideração ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana no trabalho, bem como da importância do princípio da proporcionalidade, sendo que neste último sugere-se sua possível aplicação nos casos em concreto, pelos intérpretes e aplicadores do direito na hipótese de haver colisão de direitos. Como parte exemplificativa do trabalho questiona-se a monitoração no âmbito das relações laborais e, aborda-se, também, a questão do teletrabalho. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-30T16:22:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernando Valduga.pdf: 341942 bytes, checksum: f85ad115f5dd64bc151574ec54934bde (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-30T16:22:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernando Valduga.pdf: 341942 bytes, checksum: f85ad115f5dd64bc151574ec54934bde (MD5) / The dissertation deals with the study about fundamental rights of the employee, from the perspective of the fundamental right to intimacy and privacy in employment relations. It discusses on the problems generated around the power steering when the employer uses abusive methods to control the employee´s work activity. It seeks to elucidate these control limits, using for both comparative law, jurisprudence and the analysis of doctrinal positions. Around the proposed theme speaks out about respect and consideration to the principle of human dignity at work and the importance of the principle of proportionality, while the latter suggest their possible application in concrete cases, the interpreters and law enforcers in case of collision of rights there. As part of examples of work questions the monitoring in industrial relations, and one addresses also the issue of teleworking.