Cette recherche doctorale concerne la professionnalisation des masseurs-kinésithérapeutes. Le courrier électronique, une des nombreuses formes de l’écriture professionnelle, est utilisé dans cette recherche comme un analyseur (Lourau, 1969). Les courriels modifient les pratiques professionnelles et en même temps ils permettent d’observer la professionnalisation des masseurs-kinésithérapeutes, comprise comme institutionnalisation de la profession, dans leur vie quotidienne. En m’appuyant sur une démarche ethnographique et sur le cadre théorique de l’analyse institutionnelle, je relève dans le quotidien des masseurs-kinésithérapeutes salariés les changements de pratiques, de valeurs ainsi que les résistances aux transformations en cours.Le parcours de la chercheuse, ici praticienne-chercheuse, est pris en compte en ce qu’il est lui-même impliqué dans l’objet de recherche. L’analyse des implications professionnelles des masseurs-kinésithérapeutes salariés est menée pour comprendre le processus de professionnalisation et d’universitarisation à partir des observations de terrain.En modifiant les pratiques de communication et d’organisation autour du patient, le courriel agit également sur la structuration du corps professionnels et sur l’activité quotidienne des masseurs-kinésithérapeutes. Cependant, comme en résistance à la progression du numérique, l’attachement à la centralité du corps dans les implications professionnelles des masseurs-kinésithérapeutes salariés reste central. / This doctoral research grant is about physiotherapists’ professionalization. E-mails, one of the numerous forms of professional writing, are employed as an analyzer in this research (Lourau, 1969). As e-mails modify professional practices, they allow us to notice physiotherapists’ professionalization, understood as a daily life institutionalization of their job. Based on an ethnographical approach and on the theoretical setting of institutional analysis, I’m taking, in employed physiotherapists’ daily life, their changes of practices, of values and their reluctance to current developments.The researcher’s record, here a practitioner-researcher, is taking into consideration because it is also involved in the research work. Salaried physiotherapists’ professional involvement analysis is taken to understand professionalization and universitarisation process, from ground observations. By changing communication and organization practices, e-mails are also working on professional body structure and on physiotherapists’ daily practice. As a reluctance to digital progress, the attachment to patient’s body central place in professional physiotherapists’ involvement stay crucial.

Since the independence of Mozambique in 1975 teacher education and teacher continuing professional development (TCPD) have been a matter of concern for the Ministry of Education (MINED) and teachers. Both the MINED as employer and the teachers individually have permanently been looking for models and ways to upgrade their academic and professional qualifications levels. The constraints faced by Mozambique are similar to those faced by other sub-Saharan African countries since their independence due to the increased pressure for more attention to all levels of education, with particular emphasis on primary education. Although TCPD is usually seen as part of the overall Strategy for Teacher Education (Ministry and Education and Culture, 2004), this scenario privileges initial teacher education since there are many unqualified teachers facilitating learning. The main challenge of this study was to investigate the practices of primary school teachers in Grades 1 and 2 through a participatory action research (PAR) in a study titled Exploring Professional Development Intervention for Improving the Teaching Practices of Primary School Teache. Mixed methods research was used, namely quantitative and qualitative methods. A quantitative method was used during the baseline study which consisted of questionnaires administrated to 1 028 teachers from six provinces in the country. Qualitative research was used with five practitioner-researchers (PRs) in one school. Each PR was approached as a single case study. The findings of this PAR indicate that, on the one hand, the teachers are aware of the need for more academic and pedagogical qualifications, and on the other hand, of the individual responsibility they have. They believe that progression in their careers should be a credible procedure that recognises the TCPD programmes they have attended. The teachers are of the opinion that the MINED should formally recognise the TCPD by allocating credit points to teachers. Although the self-directed professional development (SDPD) model used in this study was time consuming, it has revealed that TCPD can provide effective results when with the appropriate support and follow-up of methods of facilitating the learning of reading and writing skills in Grades 1 and 2. The study involved all teachers appointed to Grade 1 in 2007, and continued with the same teachers until 2010. During this period the teachers were appointed to facilitate learning in Grades 1 and 2. Notwithstanding the fact that the PRs were only from 2 of the 7 grades provided in primary education, the study revealed the advantage of whole school professional development. The study took into consideration the Mozambican school context and calendar. For instance, the PRs were certified by the latest model of teacher education (10+2 teacher education programme) provided by the MINED. In addition, the meetings were carried out during the period scheduled for the planning of pedagogical practices and TCPD programmes. Throughout the study the constant issue that emerged was the need for a paradigm shift in TCPD. Providers of TCPD need to introduce changes in the way they view primary school teachers and confer on them the responsibility for their individual continuous professional development. Action Research could be the new research paradigm used by providers and teachers to improve their work, understand learners’ learning problems and find the appropriate solutions to improve achievement. The findings of this PAR both contribute to understanding the teachers’ views with respect to the TCPD programmes being provided, and offer the option for a new paradigm for TCPD. In this regard the current providers of such programmes can also consider the school principal and the deputy principal as fundamental facilitators of TCPD through a SDPD model. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Humanities Education / unrestricted

This thesis explores an autoethnography which is written in the spirit of ubuntu, with and through others. Viewing this as an ethically responsible methodology for educational research conducted in and between the Global North and the Global South, this autoethnography foregrounds both self and other. The story of a practitioner- researcher unfolds around a move from disillusionment with the examinations factories of the English education system into exploring a human ethic of essential care (Boff, 2005) and a pedagogy of unconditional love (Andreotti, 2011) in a Brazilian non- government organisation. In these shifting contexts, the writer shares a journey of critical reflection (Brookfield, 1995; 2000) on ethical relationships in research and education, deconstructing the hegemonic assumptions underpinning her worldview. Borrowing insight from postmodern philosophy for education and actionable postcolonial theory in education, a journey of (un)learning unfolds as the author grapples with taken-for-granted assumptions about and in the Global South. The aims of the study emerge from a life lived forward (Muncey, 2005) through critical reflection on the ends of education and the role of the practitioner-researcher. As such, the nature of data collection becomes a process of data creation incorporating a rich tapestry of research conversations, images, sounds and other embodied memories. As ethical relations become a central focus of the author’s critical reflection, the author has sought to minimise her inflection on the data and in doing so includes many of the original contributions gifted to her throughout a two year period. Through critical self- scrutiny and reflection the author has been able to examine her own educational and cultural assumptions through a different lens in the Global South. The beauty of this autoethnography lies in exploring the kinds of intercultural spaces the author and others inhabit in twenty-first century research and classrooms.

Cette thèse porte sur l’externalisation de la gestion achats-approvisionnements-logistiques des articles dits « Classe C » sur un site ALSTOM. La Classe C chez ALSTOM est une famille d’achats regroupant des articles hétérogènes à faible valeur unitaire (marchés, technologies, prix, de volumes, poids). Mobilisant la Théorie des Coûts de Transaction, la Théorie de l’Agence, ainsi que les travaux sur la fonction Achat et l’externalisation, cette recherche analyse les facteurs déterminants et les risques liés à l’externalisation des activités, notamment des Achats, et ce en vue d’améliorer la gestion externalisée des achats et les approvisionnements de la classe C. L'auteur de ce travail, praticien-chercheur, privilégie la Recherche Action. Il a fondé son enquête sur des entretiens demi-directifs auprès de professionnels impliqués dans la gestion de la Classe C, et abouti à des résultats qui mettent non seulement en évidence les problèmes de redéfinition du périmètre externalisé, des ressources, de la fiabilité de l’expression des besoins, du contrôle et de la mesure de la performance, mais permettent aussi de suggérer des solutions aux problèmes mentionnés, comme par exemple la définition de la classe C et de son périmètre. / This research is devoted to the outsourcing of Sourcing-Supply-Logistics management of articles called "C Class" at ALSTOM´s. ALSTOM´s C-Class is a purchasing family that groups items with low unit value and heterogeneous (markets, technologies, prices, volumes and weights). By utilizing the Transaction Costs Theory and the Agency Theory, as well as some case-studies on the purchasing function and the outsourcing, this thesis analyzes the determinants and risks associated with outsourcing of activities, including purchasing, in order to improve the outsourced management of purchasing and supply of C class. Its author, as a practitioner-researcher, favors Action Research. He based his investigation on semi-structured interviews with professionals involved in the management of the C-Class, produced results that not only the problems of redefining the scope of outsourced resources, reliability of expression of needs, control and performance measurement, but also suggest solutions to the aforementioned problems, such as the definition of class C and its perimeter. / Esta tesis está dedicada a la externalización de la adquisición, suministro y gestión de logística de los artículos llamados "Clase C" en un ALSTOM sitio. La Clase C en ALSTOM es una familia de compras que agrupamiento artículos con bajo valor unitario y heterogéneos mercados, tecnologías, precios, volúmenes, pesos. Movilizando la Teoría de Costes de Transacción, la Teoría de la Agencia, así como algunos trabajos sobre la función de compras y la contratación externa, esta investigación analiza los factores determinantes y los riesgos de la externalización de actividades, incluyendo las compras, para mejorar la adquisición del externalizado y suministro de Clase C. El autor, practicante-investigador, recurrió a la investigación-acción y basó su investigación en entrevistas semi-estructuradas con los profesionales que intervienen en la gestión de la Clase C y produjo resultados que no sólo relieven los problemas relacionados con el alcance de los recursos externalizados, la fiabilidad de la expresión de las necesidades y el control y la medición del desempeño, pero ofrecen también soluciones a los problemas mencionados, tales como la definición de la Clase C y su perímetro. / آلستوم ترابری، برون¬سپاری، گروهc، خرید، ذخیره، پشتیبانی، سازمان¬دهی، راه¬بُرد، شاغل-پژوهشگر، پژوهش- اقدام.این پشتیبانی - تأمین آن دسته از قطعاتی که بنام گروه"c" در پایگاه¬های آلستوم رده¬بندی شده¬اند، می¬پردازد. گروه "c" در این پایگاه¬ها، مجموعۀ قطعات خرید با ارزش کم برای هر واحد است که دارای بازار، فناوری، بها، میزان سفارش، وزن و اندازۀ متفاوت هستند. با کاربرد نظریه "هزینۀ مبادله" و نظریه "نمایندگی" همچنین، موردکاوی¬های کارکرد خرید و برون¬سپاری، این پژوهش، عوامل تعیین¬کننده و ریسکهای مربوط به برون¬سپاری فعالیت¬ها، شامل خریدها را جهت بهبود مدیریت برون¬سپاری¬شدۀ خریدها و تأمین گروه "c" مورد تحلیل قرار می¬دهد. نگارندۀ این پایان¬نامه، که خود شاغل- پژوهشگر است، روش پژوهش- اقدام¬ را ترجیح می¬دهد. از این رو کاوش خود را بر پایۀ مصاحبه¬های نیمه¬رهبری شده با کارکنان حرفه¬ای که شخصاً درگیر مدیریت خرید گروه "c" هستند، قرار داده و به نتایجی دست یافته است که نه تنها مسائل بازتعریف قلمرو منابع برون¬سپاری شده، قابلیت اطمینان بیان نیازها، کنترل و اندازه¬گیری عملکرد را آشکار می¬سازد، بلکه راهکارهایی بمنظور ترفیع مسائل پایان¬نامه به بررسی برون¬سپاری مدیریت خرید - مذکور،

Cette thèse interroge les effets combinés des enjeux d’un urbanisme durable et d’un impératif participatif grandissant des habitants – usagers – citoyens, dans le cadre de la fabrication métropolitaine contemporaine. Depuis le début des années 2000, des expériences alternatives d’habitat émergent en France sous l’impulsion de revendications sociales portées par la société civile. Le terme générique d’« habitat participatif », définit récemment par la loi pour l’Accès au Logement et à un Urbanisme Négocié (ALUR), publiée au Journal Officiel le 26 mars 2014, rassemble ainsi d’une même voix la variété de ces initiatives à l’œuvre, contribuant à pérenniser les dynamiques de structuration et de diffusion d’un mouvement de l’habitat participatif. Faisant référence aux expressions citoyennes contestataires des années 1970-1980, avec la critique d’un urbanisme moderne et des politiques publiques, les projets actuels marquent la renaissance des questionnements autour de la place de la maîtrise d’usage – incarnée par les habitants-usagers – dans la chaîne de production des logements et, plus largement, dans les processus décisionnels d’aménagement des territoires. Porteuse de pratiques participatives innovantes, la résurgence de l’habitat participatif révèle des logiques diverses d’engagements citoyens, militants ou professionnels, et des formes négociées de fabrication de l’habitat. Dès lors, s’opposent des dynamiques « bottom-up » – illustrées par des demandes et des initiatives habitantes, et des dynamiques « top-down » – portées par des instances politico-institutionnelles en plein renouvellement de leurs modes d’action et savoir-faire. Supportée par une trame multidimensionnelle de négociations, la thèse propose alors une analyse des interactions et des formes d’hybridation de cette production collective en cours à travers trois dimensions : la dimension valorielle, pour fixer le socle des transactions sociales ; la dimension organisationnelle et relationnelle, pour observer la micropolitique des groupes-projets ; la dimension processuelle, pour saisir les temporalités du projet et les moments clés de la négociation sur l’ensemble du processus. Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur deux cas d’étude dans l’agglomération bordelaise, en pleine métropolisation : le cas de la coopérative d’habitants HNord, sur l’îlot Dupaty à Bordeaux ; et celui d’un projet d’habitat participatif multi-partenarial, La Ruche, sur la commune de Bègles au sein de l’Opération d’Intérêt National (OIN) Bordeaux-Euratlantique. Encadrée par un dispositif CIFRE avec l’Etablissement Public d’Aménagement Bordeaux-Euratlantique (EPA), la recherche repose sur une approche ethnographique, basée sur de nombreuses situations d’observation participante, des entretiens d’acteurs cibles et une analyse documentaire. Les enquêtes menées à différentes échelles offrent une vision macro, méso et microsociale des processus de production et de diffusion de l’habitat participatif. Les résultats de la thèse mettent alors en évidence les modalités de partenariats entre différentes sphères d’acteurs – les habitants, les institutions et les experts – dans la production de l’habitat participatif conduisant à un changement de paradigme sociétal et professionnel à travers le renouvellement des modes d’habiter, des savoirs et savoir-faire. Ainsi, nous proposons une réflexion sur les moyens et possibilités d’intégration de cette dynamique collective et citoyenne au sein des processus décisionnels d’aménagement urbain pour la fabrication métropolitaine et, de voir en quoi ce phénomène participatif et collaboratif peut-il constituer un outil de management territorial novateur préfigurant le futur de nos cités. / This PhD thesis questions the combined effects of the challenges of sustainable urban development and a growing priority for inhabitants – users – citizens, to participate in contemporary metropolitan production. Since the early 2000s, there is in France an emergence of alternative housing experiences as a result of social demands. The generic term of « participative housing », recently defined by the bill for access to housing and urban renovation (ALUR), published in the Official Journal on March 26, 2014, gathers with one voice, the variety of these initiatives at work, contributing to ensure the dynamic structuring and dissemination of the participative housing movement. Referring to the civil protests of 1970-1980, criticizing modern urban planning and public policy, the current projects tackle once again of how to combine the inhabitants expertise with professional expertise in the production of housing, and more broadly in the decision-making processes of regional planning. Producing innovative participatory practices, the resurgence of participative housing reveals different logics of social commitments on the part of citizens, activists and professionals, and negotiated forms of housing production. As a consequence, the « bottom-up » dynamic, based on the demands and initiatives of the inhabitants, opposes the « top-down » dynamic, based on the initiative of politico-institutional bodies in full renewal of their modes of action and know-how. Supported by a multi-dimensional framework of negotiations, the thesis analyzes the interactions and forms of hybridization of this ongoing collective production through a three dimensional approach : the value related dimension, to set the base of social transactions ; the organizational and relational dimension to observe the micro-political groups-projects ; the procedural dimension to grasp the temporality of the project and the key moments of negotiation of the whole process. For this, we build on two case studies in the Bordeaux area, being subject to processes of metropolization : the case of the residents cooperative HNord in the Dupaty housing block in Bordeaux ; and the multi-partnered participative housing project, La Ruche, in the town of Bègles within the framework of the « Operation of National Interest » (OIN) Bordeaux-Euratlantique. Governed by a CIFRE program with the « Local Planning and Development authority » (EPA) Bordeaux-Euratlantique, the research is based on an ethnographic approach : participant observation, interviews with target stakeholders and a literature review. The investigations conducted at different scales offer a macro, meso and micro-social understanding of the process of participative housing production and dissemination. The results of the thesis highlight the partnership conditions between different groups of stakeholders – inhabitants, institutions and expertsn – in the production of participative housing leading to a societal and professional paradigm shift through a renewal of ways of living, knowledge and expertise. Thus, we propose a reflection on ways and possibilities how to integrate this collective and civic dynamics in the decision-making processes of urban planning for metropolitan production and to see how this participatory and collaborative phenomenon can serve as an innovative tool in territorial management for our future cities.