Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGO CAIXETA 18_02_2010.pdf: 240203 bytes, checksum: 9fb25899c42214fcb10a136bb49b4bb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-25 / After years working in public health in a municipal school of elementary school, I decided to develop this work, by believing that information on oral health for children have more relevance and importance when developed in character education. The teacher of elementary school is essential in spreading information on oral health for children. In addition to educating you need to motivate health maintenance achieved through work-didactic teaching, since this way it is a language more appropriate to achieve the expected goals. There are two central questions: is the teacher of primary school has sufficient knowledge to identify harmful to oral health habits of their students? These teachers have knowledge to guide them properly to prevent dental? This work has the specific objective: to assess the level of knowledge of teachers of basic education on oral health, needed to develop their educational and preventive in students, motivate them during the daily teaching. There was a field research involving 29 teachers attached to the elementary school children in two units of the public municipal and state of Presidente Prudente-SP. Data collection was conducted through the direct application of a questionnaire containing questions of multiple choice. The organization and quantitative analysis of data were systematized in the form of graphs and analyzed by statistical procedures, while the qualitative analysis was based on literature that support this study. The results showed that both the specific issues regarding the issues on preventive and motivational concepts, the teachers of elementary schools need more clarification and guidance on oral health, confirming their own needs for more information on the subject. It is concluded that the teachers of elementary schools have not received information about oral health during graduation and need more expertise to be able to guide and motivate healthy habits at school everyday. We suggest the development of programs on oral health during the training of teachers of elementary schools, as well as periodic retraining and continues after the formation as demonstrated unknown and lack of teachers on the subject, and good receptivity and interests to acquire this knowledge. Thus, a broader inter-relationship between health and education may help to better train the citizen to acquire knowledge to adequately may apply correctly in their daily habits. / Após anos trabalhando na saúde pública, em uma escola municipal de ensino fundamental, resolvi desenvolver este trabalho, por acreditar que as informações sobre saúde oral para as crianças têm maior relevância e importância quando desenvolvida em caráter educativo. O professor do ensino fundamental é essencial na veiculação de informações sobre saúde oral para as crianças. Além de educar é preciso motivar a manutenção da saúde conseguida através de trabalhos didático-pedagógicos, já que desta maneira consegue-se uma linguagem mais adequada para atingir os objetivos esperados. Há duas questões centrais: será que o professor do ensino fundamental tem conhecimento suficiente para identificar hábitos nocivos à saúde oral de seus alunos? Estes professores têm conhecimento para orientá-los adequadamente quanto à prevenção odontológica? Este trabalho tem como objetivo específico: avaliar o nível de conhecimento de professores do ensino fundamental sobre saúde oral, necessária para desenvolverem suas ações educativas e preventivas nos alunos, motivando-os durante a prática pedagógica cotidiana. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo envolvendo 29 professores vinculados ao ensino fundamental em duas unidades escolares de âmbito público municipal e estadual de Presidente Prudente-SP. A coleta dos dados foi realizada através da aplicação direta de questionário contendo questões de múltipla escolha. A organização e análise quantitativa dos dados foram sistematizadas em forma de gráficos e analisados por procedimentos estatísticos, enquanto a análise qualitativa foi assentada na literatura pesquisada que fundamentam este estudo. Os resultados mostraram que, tanto nas questões específicas quanto nas questões sobre noções preventivas e motivacionais, os professores do ensino fundamental necessitam de maiores esclarecimentos e orientações sobre saúde oral, confirmando suas próprias necessidades em obter mais informações sobre o tema. Conclui-se que os professores do ensino fundamental não receberam informações sobre saúde oral durante a graduação e necessitam de mais conhecimentos específicos para poderem orientar e motivar hábitos saudáveis no cotidiano escolar. Sugerimos o desenvolvimento de programas sobre saúde oral durante a formação de professores do ensino fundamental, bem como reciclagem periódica e continua após a formação destes professores, uma vez que ficou demonstrado: desconhecimentos e despreparos destes professores sobre o tema, e ainda boa receptividade e interesses em adquirir estes conhecimentos. Assim, uma inter-relação mais ampla entre a Saúde e a Educação poderá ajudar a formar melhor o cidadão que ao adquirir conhecimento de maneira adequada poderá aplicar corretamente nos seus hábitos cotidianos.

Background: Polysubstance use (PSU) is common among patients with cannabis use (CU) and is related to more severe CU problems. However, it is unclear how PSU predicts CU treatment outcomes beyond CU patterns. We examined the frequency, amount, and class of additionally used substances as predictors for primary and secondary outcomes. Methods: We conducted crude and adjusted regression analyses for PSU variables as predictors of remission, abstinence, reduction, and secondary outcomes in 166 help-seeking patients from a randomized clinical trial of CANDIS, a cognitive behavioral treatment program. Results: Patients with recent illegal PSU experienced more difficulties in reducing their CU (B = –1.22, p < 0.001). In contrast, remission rates were slightly higher in patients with a wide variety of last-year-PSU (RD = 0.04, p < 0.001). Amphetamine use predicted poorer outcomes regarding CU-related problems (B = –4.22, p = 0.019), and the use of opiates, inhalants, and dissociative substances predicted poorer physical health outcomes (B = –0.62, p = 0.009; B = –0.96, p = 0.039; B = –1.18, p = 0.007). Conclusions: CU treatment is also effective for patients with moderate PSU. However, treatment effects may be enhanced by addressing specific PSU characteristics as part of a modularized program.

Les Streptomyces sont des bactéries filamenteuses du sol à Gram +. Elles sont connues pour leur capacité à produire des métabolites secondaires utiles en médecine et en agriculture. S. coelicolor et S. lividans sont des souches modèles phylogénétiquement proches. Elles ont cependant des capacités contrastées à accumuler des lipides de réserve de la famille des triacylglycérol (TAG) et produire des métabolites secondaires alors qu’elles possèdent des voies de biosynthèse similaires pour ces deux types de molécules. En présence de glucose, S. coelicolor produit des niveaux élevés de métabolites secondaires spécifiques et son contenu en TAG est faible alors que c'est le contraire chez S. lividans. En revanche, en présence de glycérol, les deux souches accumulent une quantité de TAG similaire mais S. coelicolor produit aussi des métabolites secondaires. Le but de la présente thèse était de déterminer les caractéristiques métaboliques différentielles qui sous-tendent les différentes capacités biosynthétiques de ces deux souches modèles. Pour ce faire, une analyse protéomique comparative sans marquage des souches cultivées en milieu R2YE liquide ou solide en présence de glucose ou de glycérol comme principales sources de carbone a été réalisée en utilisant la technique de chromatographie liquide couplée à de la Spectrométrie de Masse en tandem (LC-MS / MS). Au total, 2024 et 4372 protéines ont été identifiées à partir des cultures liquides et solides, représentant 24% et 50% du protéome théorique. Les études en liquide ont révélé que le métabolisme de S. lividans était principalement glycolytique alors que le métabolisme de S. coelicolor était principalement oxydatif. Elles ont également indiqué que ces caractéristiques pourraient être liées au catabolisme préférentiel des acides aminés par rapport au glucose chez S. coelicolor par rapport à S. lividans. De plus, cette thèse constitue la première analyse protéomique du métabolisme de ces deux souches modèles en présence de glycérol. / Streptomyces are filamentous Gram+ soil bacteria well known for their ability to produce secondary metabolites useful in medicine and agriculture. S. coelicolor and S. lividans are phylogenetically closely-related model strains but they have contrasted abilities to accumulate storage lipids of the TriAcylGlycerol (TAG) family and to produce secondary metabolites whereas they possess similar pathways for the biosynthesis of these molecules. In the presence of glucose, S. coelicolor produces high levels of specific secondary metabolites and its TAG content is low whereas it is the opposite for S. lividans. In contrast, in the presence of glycerol, the two strains accumulated similar amount of TAG but S. coelicolor still produces secondary metabolites. The aim of the present thesis was to determine the differential metabolic features supporting such different biosynthetic abilities. To do so, a comparative label-free shotgun proteomic analysis of the strains grown in liquid or solid R2YE media with glucose or glycerol as main carbon sources was carried out using Liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS). A total of 2024 and 4372 proteins were identified in liquid and solid cultures, representing 24% and 50% of the theoretical proteome, respectively. These studies revealed that S. lividans metabolism was mainly glycolytic whereas S. coelicolor metabolism was mainly oxidative. They also suggested that these features might be related to the preferential catabolism of amino acids over glucose of S. coelicolor compared to S. lividans. Furthermore, this thesis constituted the first proteomic analysis of the metabolism of these two model strains in the presence of glycerol. / Streptomyces es un género de bacterias filamentosas Gram+ provenientes del suelo que son conocidas por su capacidad para producir metabolitos secundarios útiles en la medicina y agricultura. S. coelicolor y S. lividans son cepas modelo filogenéticamente próximas que presentan capacidades opuestas para acumular lípidos de reserva de la familia de los triglicéridos (TAG) y para producir metabolitos secundarios en tanto que ambas cepas poseen rutas metabólicas idénticas para la biosíntesis de éstas moléculas. En presencia de glucosa, S. coelicolor produce altos niveles de metabolitos secundarios específicos y su contenido de TAG es bajo mientras que en S. lividans el comportamiento es opuesto. Sin embargo, en presencia de glicerol, ambas cepas acumulan cantidades similares de TAG y S. coelicolor produce metabolitos secundarios. El objetivo de ésta tesis fue de determinar las características metabólicas que distinguen las diferentes capacidades biosintéticas mencionadas previamente. Por esto, un análisis protéomico comparativo sin marcaje de tipo “shotgun” fue realizado con las dos cepas cultivadas en medio R2YE líquido y sólido usando glucosa o glicerol como fuentes principales de carbono mediante Cromatografía Líquida en “tándem” acoplada a Espectrometría de Masas (LC-MS/MS). Un total de 2024 y 4372 proteínas fueron identificadas en cultivos en medio líquido y sólido, representando 24% y 50% del proteoma teórico, respectivamente. El presente estudio demostró que el metabolismo de S. lividans fue principalmente glicolítico mientras que el metabolismo de S. coelicolor fue principalmente oxidativo. También se sugiere que éstas características pueden estar relacionadas con la preferencia catabólica de aminoácidos sobre el catabolismo de glucosa de S. coelicolor comparada con S. lividans. Además, la presente tesis constituye el primer análisis proteómico del metabolismo de éstas dos cepas modelo en presencia de glicerol.

MPH / Department of Public Health

La lecture est une compétence complexe du fait de la multiplicité des processus sousjacents. Il est couramment admis une vue simple de la lecture (Simple View of Reading-SVR, Hoover & Gough, 1990) regroupant ces processus en deux composantes : l’identification de mots écrits et la compréhension. Des difficultés dans l’une, l’autre ou dans les deuxcomposantes entraineraient des difficultés pour accéder à une lecture fonctionnelle (Cain & Oakhill, 2006).Les enfants et adolescents autistes sans déficience intellectuelle (high-functioning with autism spectrum disorders – HFASD) semblent particulièrement affectés par les difficultés en lecture, notamment au niveau des processus de compréhension (Huemer & Mann, 2010). Toutefois, la présence spécifique d’un profil de faible compreneur chez les sujets HFASD ne fait pas consensus et requiert de préciser leurs performances en lecture à partir d’évaluations détaillées pour proposer ensuite des stratégies remédiatives ciblées. L’expansion des nouvelles technologies offre pour cela des perspectives prometteuses.Les thèmes de la lecture, de l’autisme et des technologies informatisées sont ainsi abordés à travers les questions de l’évaluation et de l’entrainement. D’une part, peut-on évaluer simplement mais efficacement la lecture à l’aide d’épreuves informatisées reprenant le cadre de la SVR ? Une telle évaluation peut-elle être pertinente pour comprendre lesdifficultés en lecture des élèves HFASD ? D’autre part, un entrainement informatisé ciblé sur les processus de compréhension, en situation écologique, peut-il être efficace pour remédier aux difficultés en lecture des sujets HFASD ? Comment évaluer l’efficacité et la qualité d’un outil informatisé d’entrainement des processus de compréhension ?Premièrement, un outil informatisé d’évaluation construit sur la base de l’approche SVR a été proposé à 485 élèves du CE1 à la 3ème dans le but d’identifier des profils de lecteurs. Les résultats révèlent la présence de profils de lecteurs variés avec une majorité de bons lecteurs et sept profils de lecteurs en difficultés dont quatre ne sont pas prédits par la SVR remettant ainsi en question la simplicité de cette approche pour modéliser précisément l’habileté en lecture. L’évaluation informatisée a ensuite été proposée à 22 élèves HFASD. Les résultats révèlent des profils variés avec une majorité de lecteurs ayant des difficultés pas nécessairement spécifiques aux processus de compréhension. Ces résultats semblent cohérents avec la forte hétérogénéité de l’échantillon et renvoient à l’exigence d’une évaluation basée sur un cadre de la lecture plus étendu pour ces enfants.Deuxièmement, un outil informatisé d’entrainement de la compréhension ayant fait l’objet d’une validation expérimentale a été proposé à 13 élèves HFASD du CM1 à la 3ème. Une première étude a évalué l’efficacité du logiciel à partir d’un protocole pré-test/entrainement/post-test conçu pour combiner des analyses de groupes et de cas multiples. Les résultats soulignent la nécessité d’utiliser des protocoles spécifiques aux études de cas pour cette population particulière afin de limiter l’impact de l’hétérogénéité intra-individuelle. Les conditions de mises en œuvre de cet entrainement en situation écologique sont discutées. Une dernière étude a examiné les qualités ergonomiques du logiciel d’entrainement à l’aide dequestionnaires complétés par des utilisateurs. Les réponses soulignent la simplicité d’utilisation du logiciel mais également un manque de flexibilité limitant les possibilités de l’adapter à un maximum d’utilisateurs dont les élèves HFASD. Des suggestions d’améliorations sont discutées. / Reading is a complex skill due to the multiplicity of underlying processes. A Simple View of Reading (SVR, Hoover & Gough, 1990) is commonly considered, combining these processes into two components: word reading and comprehension. Difficulties in one, the other, or both, would lead to difficulties in reaching functional reading (Cain & Oakhill, 2006).Children and adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASD) appear to be particularly affected by reading difficulties especially considering comprehension processes (Huemer & Mann, 2010). However, the presence of a specific low comprehender subtype in students with HFASD is not consensus-based and requires to clearly specifying their reading ability on the basis of a detailed assessment in order to provide targeted remediation strategies. The expansion of new technologies offers promising prospects for this.Themes of reading, autism and computerized technologies are thus addressed through the questions of assessment and training. On the one hand, can one simply and efficiently evaluate the reading using computer-based assessment that incorporates the framework of the SVR? Can such an assessment be relevant to understand the reading difficulties of subjects with HFASD? On the other hand, can computer-based training targeting comprehension processes, in an ecological situation, be effective in remedying the reading difficulties of children and adolescents with HFASD? How to evaluate the effectiveness and quality of such a computer-based training tool for comprehension?First, a computer-based assessment tool built on the basis of the SVR framework was proposed to 485 students from grade 2 to grade 9 in order to identify reader subtypes within this population. Results reveal various reader subtypes with a majority of good readers and seven subtypes of readers with difficulties. Four of those seven are not predicted by the SVRthus questioning the simplicity of this framework to accurately model reading skills. The computer-based assessment was then proposed to 22 children and adolescent with HFASD. Results reveal varied subtypes with a majority of readers experiencing difficulties not necessarily specific to comprehension processes. These results seem consistent with thestrong heterogeneity of the sample and call for the need to provide an assessment based on a wider reading framework for these children.Secondly, a computer-based training tool for comprehension was proposed to 13 HFASD students from grade 1 to grade 3. This tool has already been validated experimentally with typically developing children and adolescents exhibiting specific low comprehender subtype. A first study investigated the effectiveness of the software from a pretest/training/post-test protocol designed to combine group and case study analyzes. The results emphasize the need to use protocols specific to case study for this particular population in order to limit the impact of intra-individual heterogeneity. The conditions for implementing this training in an ecological situation are discussed. A final study examined the ergonomic qualities of the training tool using questionnaires completed by users. Answers emphasize the tool’s simplicity of use but also a lack of flexibility limiting the possibilities to adapt it to a maximum of users of which the subjects with HFASD. Suggestions for improvements are discussed.

The theoretical part of this work is based on current findings on social work and school social work. The aim is to discuss a possibility to establish school social work in Czech environment and also to highlight any possible obstacles. The first goal in practical part of this thesis aims to identify issues that schools are facing today and whether school social work could help to solve them. The second goal is to examine how members of pedagogical staff perceive the possibility of school social worker. The last goal is to identify the agenda of school social worker in Czech primary and secondary schools. The research was done in the form of semi structured in-depth interview and therefore provides profound insight and complex answers to questions related to school social work. Key words: School social work, social work, education, competencies, primary and secondary school, teacher, headmaster, school counsellor, legislation, funding

The goal of this diploma thesis called "Ethics of the Garden" is to introduce the ecological-ethical issue and the closely related question about the role of a mankind in the world. First of all, the main aim is to introduce the ecological-ethical concept of the American author Michael Pollan. In this concept, a garden is viewed as a source of elementary ethical principals that are applicable in the relationship of mankind to nature. That is why it is called "Ethics of the Garden". The practical part of the thesis is dedicated to the individual principles of this concept. It introduces its characteristics and it also gives specific examples of the practical application of the principles of the "Ethics of the garden" within the context of central Europe. Here only very few original ecosystems (untouched by human intervention) have survived and it is hard to find an ideal solution for the coexistence of mankind and nature. Keywords ecological ethics, environmental ethics, ethics of the garden, environment, nature, culture, civilization, intervention in nature, primary and secondary nature

The development needs of handling and ride vehicle dynamic characteristics are constantly evolving, crucial for safety and comfortable commute since many active safety and driver assistance systems depend on these characteristics. Ride improvements enhance passenger comfort, which plays a significant role in quality and brand value. Chassis and suspension systems greatly influence these vehicle dynamic characteristics. These systems should provide stability, high precision and a high degree of adaptive performance with quick response time. One of the ways to achieve these demands is by incorporating mechatronics suspension systems. Semi-active and fully active mechatronics suspension systems offer passengers a more comprehensive range of vehicle characteristics in terms of driving experience than vehicles with purely mechanical suspension systems. The efficient implementation of mechatronics suspension systems depends on the controller type and how its commands are realised. A typical control strategy is to decide a desired behaviour on the vehicle body and realise that behaviour with the help of the semi-active or active actuators. This work focuses on the realisation of the modal coordinate controller commands that counteracts the undesired body motions. The commands are in vehicle body coordinates with respect to the COG of the vehicle. The biggest challenge is to translate these counteracting forces and torques into semi-active damper vertical forces. This challenge is addressed with different algorithms with different levels of complexity and capability. The complexity ranges from the linear system of equations to real-time optimisation. Essentially, the algorithms will fragmentise and distribute the centralised command among different actuators and finally realise them back as close as commanded by taking the actuator and other physical limitations into account. This work also focuses on developing relative weights tuning methods, which play a significant role in the cost function formation and optimisation solution. The algorithms are evaluated in three different road conditions to incorporate typical driving environments related to primary and secondary rides. The enhancements in the ride performance are visualised by comparing against the existing methodology. The conclusions strongly support the optimisation-based force allocation algorithm over the existing method. It enables significant improvements in the ride performance and a high degree of flexibility by efficiently distributing commands among four actuators, which results in utilising the full potential of the semi-active dampers. / Utvecklingsbehoven för fordons dynamiska egenskaper med avseende på åkkomfort och köregenskaper är ständigt föränderliga och är avgörande för säkerheten och bekväm pendling eftersom många aktiva säkerhets- och förarassistanssystem är beroende av dessa egenskaper. Åkkomfortförbättringar förbättrar passagerarnas komfort, vilket spelar en betydande roll för kvalitet och märkesvärde. Chassi och fjädringssystem påverkar i hög grad dessa fordonsdynamiska egenskaper. Dessa system ska ge stabilitet, hög precision och en hög grad av adaptiv prestanda med snabb responstid. Ett av sätten att uppnå dessa krav är genom att införliva mekatroniska fjädringssystem. Semiaktiva och fullt aktiva mekatronikfjädringssystem erbjuder passagerare ett mer omfattande utbud av fordonsegenskaper när det gäller körupplevelse än fordon med rent mekaniska upphängningssystem. Ett effektivt genomförande av semiaktiva eller aktiva fjädringssystem beror på styrenhetstypen och hur styrenhetens kommandon är realiserade. En typisk reglerstrategi är att bestämma ett önskat beteende på fordonets kaross och realisera det beteendet med hjälp av de semiaktiva eller aktiva dämparna. Detta arbete fokuserar på förverkligandet av de modala koordinatstyrkommandon som motverkar oönskade kroppsrörelser. Kommandona beskrivs i fordonskroppens koordinater med avseende på fordonets tyngdpunkt (COG). Den största utmaningen är att översätta dessa motverkande krafter och vridmoment till vertikala krafter för stötdämparna. Denna utmaning hanteras med olika algoritmer med olika nivåer av komplexitet och kapacitet. Komplexiteten sträcker sig från det linjära ekvationssystemet till optimering i realtid. I huvudsak kommer algoritmerna att fragmentera och distribuera det centraliserade kommandot bland olika dämpare och slutligen förverkliga dem tillbaka så nära kommandot som möjligt genom att ta hänsyn till ställdonet och andra fysiska begränsningar. Studien fokuserar också på att utveckla justeringsmetoder för relativa vikter, som spelar en viktig roll i kostnadsfunktionsbildningen och optimeringslösningen. Algoritmerna utvärderas under tre olika vägförhållanden för att inkludera typiska körmiljöer relaterade till primär och sekundär åkkomfort. Förbättringarna i körprestandan visualiseras genom att jämföra mot den befintliga metoden. Slutsatserna stöder starkt en optimeringsbaserad kraftallokeringsalgoritm över den befintliga metoden. Algoritmen möjliggör betydande förbättringar av prestandan och en hög grad av flexibilitet genom att effektivt fördela kommandot bland fyra ställdon, vilket resulterar i att utnyttja den fulla potentialen för de semiaktiva dämparna.

No description available.

The National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) is the definitive source for wetland resources in the United States. The NWI production unit in Hadley, MA has begun to upgrade their digital map database, integrating descriptors for assessment of wetland functions. Updating is conducted manually and some automation is needed to increase production and efficiency. This study assigned landscape position descriptor codes to NWI wetland polygons and correlated polygon environmental properties with public domain terrain, soils, hydrology, and vegetation data within the Coastal Plain of Virginia. Environmental properties were applied to a non-metric multidimensional scaling technique to identify similarities within individual landscape positions based on wetland plant indicators, primary and secondary hydrology indicators, and field indicators of hydric soils. Individual NWI landscape position classes were linked to field-validated environmental properties. Measures provided by this analysis indicated that wetland plant occurrence and wetland plant status obtained a stress value of 0.136 (Kruskal's stress measure = poor), which is a poor indicator when determining correlation among wetland environmental properties. This is due principally to the highly-variable plant distribution and wetland plant status found among the field-validated sites. Primary and secondary hydrology indicators obtained a stress rating of 0.097 (Kruskal's stress measure = good) for correlation. The hydrology indicators measured in this analysis had a high level of correlation with all NWI landscape position classes due the common occurrence of at least one primary hydrology indicator in all field validated wetlands. The secondary indicators had an increased accuracy in landscape position discrimination over the primary indicators because they were less ubiquitous. Hydric soil characteristics listed in the 1987 Manual and NTCHS field indicators of hydric soils proved to be a relatively poor indicator, based on Kruskal's stress measure of 0.117, for contrasting landscape position classes because the same values occurred across all classes. The six NWI field–validated landscape position classes used in this study were then further applied in a public domain digital data analysis. Mean pixel attribute values extracted from the 180 field-validated wetlands were analyzed using cluster analysis. The percent hydric soil component displayed the greatest variance when compared to elevation and slope curvature, streamflow and waterbody, Cowardin classification, and wetland vegetation type. Limitations of the soil survey data included: variable date of acquisition, small scale compared to wetland size, and variable quality. Flow had limitations related to its linear attributes, therefore is often found insignificant when evaluating pixel values that are mean of selected pixels across of wetland landscape position polygons. NLCD data limitations included poor quality resolution (large pixel size) and variable classification of cover types. The three sources of information that would improve wetland mapping and modeling the subtle changes in elevation and slope curvature that characterize wetland landscapes are: recent high resolution leaf-off aerial photography, high-quality soil survey data, and high-resolution elevation data. Due to the data limitations and the choice of variables used in this study, development of models and rules that clearly separate the six different landscape positions was not possible, and thus automation of coding could not be attempted. / Master of Science