O presente estudo se desenvolveu a partir de uma problematização sobre o processo de mudança e continuidade da cultura da escola que envolve tanto uma discussão do entendimento de cultura quanto de instituição escolar. Os sistemas educacionais brasileiros e suas respectivas unidades escolares vivem um momento muito importante de mudança do Ensino Fundamental. Essa modificação decorre das determinações na Lei 11.274 de 2006, que fez aprovar a proposta de ampliação do Ensino Fundamental de oito para nove anos, com a inclusão das crianças de 6 anos de idade. Essa mudança legal afeta o cotidiano da escola à medida que impõe uma revisão dos objetivos do Ensino Fundamental e, consequentemente, da cultura nela estabelecida. É nesse contexto de transição que aconteceu a pesquisa que teve como objetivo investigar mudanças e continuidades da cultura da escola a partir da perspectiva dos professores. Aproximamo-nos de uma concepção de cultura que a define como sendo constituída por meio de significados estabelecidos e compartilhados socialmente que se materializam em práticas significantes. O estudo foi realizado numa escola de Ensino Fundamental que estava no segundo ano de implantação do Ensino Fundamental de nove anos. Constitui-se como instrumento de coleta de dados: (1) observações do cotidiano da instituição; (2) análise dos documentos Referencial Curricular Municipal e Projeto Político- Pedagógico (registradas em caderno de campo); (3) e, principalmente, entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram realizadas 11 entrevistas, sendo 9 professores, 1 coordenadora e 1 diretora. As entrevistas foram gravadas em fita cassete, transcritas na íntegra e analisadas a partir dos pressupostos teóricos da RedSig, que se situa no contexto das pesquisas que estudam os processos de construção dos significados e sentidos. Os procedimentos da análise dos dados foram: (1) leituras para identificar e mapear a trajetória de formação e profissional de cada participante; (2) mapeamento dos sentidos e significados das mudanças e permanências vivenciadas no contexto de implementação do Ensino Fundamental de nove anos; (3) estabelecimento de eixos de análise. Usamos para o presente estudo a análise das entrevistas de 4 professoras. Observamos que havia na escola uma complexa relação entre mudança e permanência da cultura da escola, contudo, naquela ocasião, eram bem evidentes características da organização do ensino que já estavam presentes no Ensino Fundamental de oito anos. Por exemplo, no caso do currículo, pouca inovação havia sido incorporada em termos de documento e prática; em relação ao espaço físico, nenhum tipo de modificação foi constatada; a mesma situação foi observada em relação aos tempos e às rotinas da escola; sobre as práticas, identificamos alguns esforços individuais que prenunciavam algumas alterações, mas que tinham pouco impacto quando se considerava a escola como um todo. Esta situação se traduzia, à primeira vista, num estado de confusão, porque existiam percepções diferentes de um mesmo evento entre as professoras. Quando olhada mais de perto, esta confusão foi interpretada como característica de um momento de crise onde se assistia a jogos de mudança e permanência. Consideramos, a partir da perspectiva de desenvolvimento da RedSig, que a crise faz parte do processo de mudança. A discussão que se fez, a partir destes resultados, foi o quanto as políticas de inovação do ensino estão impregnadas e fundamentadas em uma concepção de ensino que reforça a cultura da escola que se pretende superar e o quanto estas políticas que pretendem promover mudanças estão desprovidas de uma visão sistêmica e relacional da cultura da escola, tão necessária para alterá-la. / This study was developed out of a problematization regarding the process of change and continuity of the school culture, which involves both a discussion of the understanding of culture as well as of a teaching institution. The Brazilian educational system and their respective school units are experiencing a very important time of change in the Primary Education program. This modification is a result of the determinations of Law 11,274, dated 2006, that approved the proposed expansion of the Primary Education program from eight to nine years, with the inclusion of 6-year old children. This legal change affects the daily life of the school as it requires a review of the Primary Education objectives and, hence, the culture therein. It is in this context of transition that the research took place, aimed at investigating changes and continuities of the school culture based on the teachers perspective. We came close to a conception of culture that defines culture as being formed by established and socially shared meanings that materialize themselves as significant practices. The study was conducted in Primary Education schools during its second year of implementing the 9-year Primary Education program. The study worked as a tool for data collection: (1) observation of the institution daily activities, (2) analysis of the documents: Municipal Curricular Reference and Political Pedagogical Project (recorded in a field notebook), (3) and mainly semistructured interviews. A total of 11 interviews were conducted, which comprised 9 teachers, 1 coordinator and 1 director. The interviews were recorded on a cassette tape, transcribed in its fullness and analyzed from the theoretical assumptions of net of meanings, which are placed in the context of research that studies the processes of construction of meanings and senses. The procedures for data analysis included: (1) reading to identify and map out the trajectory of training and professional development of each participant, (2) mapping out the meanings and significances of the changes and continuities experienced in the context of implementing the 9-year Primary Education system; (3) establishing lines of analysis. For this study we used the analysis of interviews done with four teachers. We note that the school had a complex relationship between change and permanence of the school culture, however, on that occasion; it was very obvious to notice the characteristics of the teaching organization that was already present in 8-year Primary Education system. In the curriculum, for instance, little innovation had been added in terms of document and practice; in regards to physical space, no change was detected; the same situation was observed in relation to the school time schedule and routine; as for practices, we identified some individual efforts that suggested some changes, but had little impact when considering the school as a whole. This situation was perceived, at a first glance, as a state of confusion, because the teachers displayed different perceptions regarding the same event. When viewed from up close, this confusion was interpreted as characteristic of a moment of crisis where games of change and permanence could be seen. From the net of meanings development perspective, we consider that crisis is a part of the change process. The discussion that emerged from these results, was how much the education innovation policies are steeped and grounded into an education concept that reinforces the school culture, which is the very thing one is trying to overcome, and how these policies intended to promote changes are devoid of a systemic and relational view of the school culture, so necessary to change it.

Este trabalho avalia os efeitos do aumento da proporção de alunos de 1ª a 4ª série matriculados em escolas municipais, sobretudo no que concerne à transferência de gestão de algumas escolas estaduais para a administração municipal. Tal processo ocorreu concomitantemente a perda de autonomia fiscal quanto ao direcionamento dos recursos da educação, devido às regras de alocação impostas pelo FUNDEF. Nesse sentido, ainda que a gestão escolar estivesse mais próxima da população, a destinação da maior parte dos recursos ao pagamento de professores em exercício poderia ser contrária às preferências locais. Primeiramente, existem evidências de que o processo de municipalização implicou piora nos indicadores de rendimento, enquanto que as externalidades positivas associadas à alocação de recursos do FUNDEF parecem ter contrabalanceado a perda de autonomia local. Em segundo lugar, existem indicativos de que um componente específico do processo de expansão da gestão municipal, a descentralização das escolas estaduais, esteja associado à queda das taxas de reprovação, após um período de acomodação. Contudo, os resultados sugerem aumento da desigualdade dos resultados educacionais, uma vez que os efeitos positivos concentram-se em municípios com maiores níveis de renda per capita. / This work evaluates the effects of increasing the proportion of students from 1st to 4th grade enrolled in municipal schools, especially regarding the transfer of management of some state schools to the municipalities. This process occurred concurrently with the loss of fiscal autonomy for direction of education resources due to allocation rules imposed by FUNDEF. In this case, even if the school management was closer to the population, the allocation of most resources to pay teachers in practice could be contrary to local preferences. First, there is evidence that increasing the proportion of students from 1st to 4th grade in municipal schools resulted in worsening performance indicators, while positive externalities associated with FUNDEF\'s resources allocation appear to have counterbalanced the loss of local autonomy. Secondly, there are indications that a specific component of the ongoing expansion of municipal management, decentralization of state schools, is associated with the decrease of failure rates after a period of accommodation. However, the results suggest an increase in inequality of educational outcomes, since the positive effects are concentrated in municipalities with higher levels of income per capita.

Bakgrund: Enligt tidigare forskning utgör sociala medier en hälsopåverkan på äldre barn och ungdomar utifrån bland annat nedsatt välbefinnande, låg självkänsla, beroende och internetmobbning. Det saknas i nuläget forskning kring om lågstadiebarn använder sociala medier och vilka negativa och positiva aspekter som i sådana fall finns med användningen. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa skolsköterskors erfarenheter av lågstadiebarns användning av sociala medier. Metod: En empirisk kvalitativ design tillämpades. Sex skolsköterskor i två städer i sydvästra Sverige deltog. Semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysarbetet ledde fram till tre huvudkategorier: Barnen befinner sig i ett digitaliserat samhälle, Användningen kan innebära en risk för yngre barn och Vikten av begränsning. Skolsköterskorna erfarenhet var att sociala medier kan påverka barnen genom att bland annat leda till stress, beroende, fysisk inaktivitet och sömnbrist. Barn som blir utsatta för mobbning beskrevs kunna nås dygnet runt via sociala medier. Användningen upplevdes även kunna vara utvecklande och lärorik. Slutsats: Skolsköterskorna upplevde att lågstadiebarn använder sig av sociala medier trots att de ej uppnått aktuella åldersgränser. Användningen beskrevs öka med åldern och förekom främst i hemmet. Mer forskning krävs för att belysa lågstadiebarns användning av sociala medier och dess påverkan för ett fortsatt hälsofrämjande arbete. / Background: Previous research on social media constitutes a health impact on children and adolescents based on reduced well-being, low self-esteem, addiction and internet bullying. There is currently no research on primary school children’s use of social media and negative and positive aspects. Aim: The aim was to highlight school nurses' experiences of the use of social media by primary school children. Method: An empirical qualitative design was applied. Six school nurses in two cities in southwest Sweden participated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis led to three main categories: Children in a digitized society, The use could lead to risks and Importance of limitation. School nurses considered that social media affect the children by conduce to stress, addiction, physical inactivity and sleep deprivation. Also, children who were exposed to bullying could be reached 24 hours a day. Social media could also be developing and educational. Conclusion: The school nurses experienced that primary school children use social media despite current age limits. The use increased with age and occurred mainly in the homes. More researched is needed about the social media use by primary school children and its impact to continue health promotion.

The thesis titled /Origami in primary lessons/ focuses on the practical use of Origami, especially in arts and mathematics classes. It contains lesson plans on various topics and a detailed reflection of the lessons taught at a primary school.

The main aim of this thesis is to clarify the fact who or what decides for primary school-aged children about the organized leisure activities. The theoretical part is focused on factors and effects which can influence and have an impact on the child. Also, the thesis outlines education styles and the family itself, which has, as one of the factors, a great influence in all directions. The theoretical part provides a preview which can help to connect and understand individual aspects which can influence the decision. The thesis presents qualitative research findings (grounded theory, two focal groups) in the form of decision-making scenarios.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-04-03T21:49:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIEL disserta??o final.pdf: 4325548 bytes, checksum: b4560db31ae6473c5148330591094d47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T21:49:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIEL disserta??o final.pdf: 4325548 bytes, checksum: b4560db31ae6473c5148330591094d47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-26 / In this work, we analyze the understanding of Science, Geography and Education?s teachers of S?o Miguel das Matas, Bahia, about teaching and learning process of Seasons content that has been reflected on the construction and using of a didactic material (model System Earth-Sun), developed from a workshop with teachers who teach science?s classes in elementary school. The methodology has been based in questionnaires, videos and experimental demonstrations. The results showed that many science?s teachers have difficulties regarding to the understanding of the Seasons content. As a result, we can say that a didactic workshop in Seasons concept could make better the understanding of this content. / Neste trabalho, analisamos a compreens?o dos professores de Ci?ncias, Geografia e Pedagogia da cidade de S?o Miguel das Matas, Bahia, a respeito do processo de ensino e aprendizagem do conte?do de Esta??es do Ano e refletimos sobre a constru??o e utiliza??o de um material did?tico (maquete do Sistema Terra-Sol), desenvolvido a partir de uma Oficina com os professores que ministram aulas de Ci?ncias no Ensino Fundamental. Na metodologia foram utilizados question?rios, v?deos e demonstra??es experimentais. Os resultados demonstraram que muitos professores de ci?ncias apresentam dificuldades com rela??o ao entendimento do conte?do Esta??es do Ano e que ao trabalhar com materiais did?ticos dentro da Oficina Did?tica puderam compreender este conte?do.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS MARCELO MARTINS CARVALHO.pdf: 5046171 bytes, checksum: 8cff3cd9d68abab96731d6c464ebc28d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-04 / The central problem of this research is that over the years, following the changes in the democratization of access to basic education, there was a process of casualization and intensification of the work of elementary school teacher network state of Goiás this perspective, it is assumed that this casualization and intensification are from the omission of the State and education policy to offer quality education coupled with the modernization of public educational systems through reforms that are arising from the modernization of the production system, as a consequence, has passed a profound way in teaching, both teachers work more flexible, as in the work of official teachers. The justification for plunging a study like this is that this research has scientific and policy relevance, as it is fundamental role of scientific knowledge, to understand, interpret and analyze social phenomena experienced by different social classes and categories in society. The objective of this study is to collect data for understanding and analyzing the process of casualization of labor and effective elementary school teachers from the state system, in Goiás material conditions The theoretical framework we used was: ANTUNES (2005); AZEVEDO (1997); BIANCHETTI (1999); BUFFA (2002); CORIAT (1988); COUTINHO (1996); FRIGOTTO (2010); GHIRALDELLI (2003); GRAMSCI (1979); IANNI (2013); LIBÂNEO (2003); MARX (1982); MESZÁROS (2006); OLIVEIRA (2004); PARO (2008); SAVIANI (2012); among others. The methodology that was used to conduct this study is qualitative, work with the universe of meanings, motives, aspirations, values, worldviews and attitudes of the subjects studied. But we also use methodologies that allowed up quantitative data such as questionnaires , charts , tables , captions , to interpret and quantify What is the average number of students per classroom; How many hours daily on average are used at home with tasks , planning and correction activity; what the workday; How many schools the teacher works; How many daily, among others. We use various techniques such as field observation, survey of documentary material, sound recordings, structured and semi-structured interviews. Our research identified that there is large number of students per classroom; Degrading material conditions of operation of the school for the development of the learning process; Precarious little training and professional qualification; Low wages, high turnover of temporary teachers; flexible contracts without guarantee of rights, physical and mental wear imposed by work overload to teachers professional. We also identified that the State Government to institutionalize the precariousness of teaching seeks ways to conserve or rationalize labor costs in the management of public funds. / O problema central dessa pesquisa é que ao longo dos anos, acompanhando as mudanças na democratização do acesso à educação básica, houve um processo de precarização e intensificação do trabalho do professor do ensino fundamental da rede estadual de Goiás. Nesta perspectiva, pressupõe-se que essa precarização e intensificação são oriundas da omissão do Estado e das políticas educacionais em oferecer educação de qualidade aliada à modernização dos sistemas educacionais públicos através de reformas que são resultantes da modernização do sistema produtivo, como conseqüência, tem repercutido de maneira profunda no trabalho docente, tanto no trabalho de professores flexibilizados, quanto no trabalho de professores concursados. A justificativa ao aprofundar um estudo como esse é de que a presente pesquisa possui relevância científica e política, à medida que é papel fundamental do conhecimento científico, o de analisar, compreender, e interpretar os fenômenos sociais vivenciados pelas diferentes classes sociais e categorias na sociedade. O objetivo deste trabalho é levantar dados que permitam compreender e analisar o processo de precarização das condições efetivas e materiais de trabalho dos professores do ensino fundamental da rede estadual, em Goiás. O referencial teórico utilizado baseado nos autores: ANTUNES (2005); AZEVEDO (1997); BIANCHETTI (1999); BUFFA (2002); CORIAT (1988); COUTINHO (1996); FRIGOTTO (2010); GHIRALDELLI (2003); GRAMSCI (1979); IANNI (2013); LIBÂNEO (2003); MARX (1982); MESZÁROS (2006); OLIVEIRA (2004); PARO (2008); SAVIANI (2012); entre outros. A metodologia utilizada para realização desse estudo é de caráter qualitativo, ou seja, trabalhamos com o universo de significados, motivos, aspirações, valores, visões de mundo e atitudes dos sujeitos pesquisados. Mas utilizamos também metodologias que permitiram levantar dados quantitativos como, questionários, gráficos; tabelas; legendas; para interpretar e quantificar: Quantas horas diariamente em média são usadas em casa com tarefas, planejamento e correção de atividade; Qual a jornada de trabalho; Em quantas escolas o professor trabalha; Quantos diários de classe; entre outros. Utilizamos técnicas, como observação de campo, levantamento de material documental, gravações sonoras, entrevistas estruturadas e semiestruturadas. A nossa pesquisa identificou que existe elevado número de alunos por sala de aula; degradantes condições materiais de funcionamento da escola para o desenvolvimento do processo ensino aprendizagem; precária formação e pouca qualificação dos profissionais; baixos salários; grande rotatividade de professores temporários; contratos flexíveis sem garantia de direitos; desgaste físico e psíquico imposto pela sobrecarga de trabalho aos profissionais docentes. Identificamos também que o Governo Estadual ao institucionalizar a precariedade do trabalho docente busca formas de economizar ou racionalizar os custos do trabalho na gestão do erário público.

O presente trabalho As Estratégias de Escolarização Primária na cidade de Rio Claro São Paulo (1889-1920), busca mapear as organizações escolares na primeira república, procurando analisa-las nas suas múltiplas estratégias de escolarização primária. A partir da lei da obrigatoriedade do ensino (1874), procuramos entender como as cidades do interior paulista se organizaram para atender a esta imposição legal. O recorte temporal (1889 1920) foi escolhido por tratar-se de uma fase de efervescência na república, principalmente na difusão da escola primária, em 1920, a Reforma Sampaio Dória é indicada como marco delimitador para observar como estas estratégias foram sendo forjadas, por se constituir em um projeto que vai redefinir a estrutura educacional paulista do período, diminuindo o tempo de escolarização oficial ampliando o número de alunos atendidos. Ao utilizarmos o recurso da micro-história e observar com uma lente de aumento as particularidades dessa cidade interiorana, foi possível identificar a criação dos grupos escolares, a expansão das escolas isoladas, as iniciativas particulares implementadas e os sujeitos que circularam nesses espaços. Desta forma, ficou evidente que a escolarização primária nas cidades do interior não estava centrada nos grupos escolares. Os municípios tiveram um papel importante no processo de escolarização e a as escolas isoladas, sejam estas municipais ou estaduais, assim como a iniciativa particular foram fundamentais para atender a população que estava nos locais mais distantes do centro urbano. Reconhecer o papel das organizações civis imigrantes, negros, operários etc e suas reivindicações educacionais, possibilitou discutir a escolarização em sentido mais amplo. Assim, foi possível encontrar uma multiplicidade de estratégias de escolarização primária em Rio Claro, abrindo novas perspectivas de estudos. / This paper \"Strategies for Primary Schooling in the city of Rio Claro - São Paulo (1889-1920)\", seeks to map the school organizations in the first republic, looking analyzes them in its multiple strategies for primary schooling. After of the law of compulsory education (1874), we seek to understand how the cities inside state of São Paulo organized to meet this statutory requirement. The time frame (1889 - 1920) was chosen because it is a phase of effervescence in the republic, mainly in the difusion of primary school in 1920, the reform of Sampaio Dória is indicated as the delimiter sign for observe how these strategies were being forged, for to be a project that will redefine the educational of São Paulo structure in the period, shortening the time of schooling and increasing the number of students served. By using the feature of the micro-history and observing with a magnifying glass the particularities of this town of inside, was possible to identify creation the school groups, the expansion of individual schools, private initiatives implemented and the subjects that circulated in these spaces. Thus, it became evident that the primary education in the inner cities was not centered in the group schooler. Municipalities had an important role in the schooling process and individual schools, of the state, local or the private initiatives, were essential to meet the people that were most distant from the urban center. Recognize the role of civil organizations - immigrants, blacks, workers etc. - and their educational demands, allowed discuss the schooling with the broadest sense. Thus, it was possible to find a multitude of strategies primary enrollment in Rio Claro, opening new studies perspectives.

Au Québec et en France, la santé à l’école est souvent vue à travers le filtre de la promotion de la santé et des grandes campagnes de la santé publique relayées par la santé scolaire avec notamment des évaluations de programmes et des analyses inter-organisationnelles (Weiner et al, 1988 ; Jourdan et al, 1998 ; Carlson et al, 2008 et Kreulen et al, 2009). Depuis quelques années, les textes officiels (le programme de formation de l’école québécoise au Québec (2001) et le socle commun des connaissances en France (1998)) invitent les enseignants à aborder l’éducation à la santé de manière globale et systémique et à l’inscrire au plus près des apprentissages. Bien que l’éducation à la santé fasse explicitement partie du curriculum scolaire, celle-ci trouve difficilement sa place à l’école. Elle ne prend, en effet, pas la configuration d’une discipline et peut concerner différents champs scolaires (Éducation physique, Sciences de la vie et de la terre, mais aussi maîtrise du langage, prévention, développement durable etc.). Répondre à ces injonctions, suppose d’une part que les enseignants s’approprient l’objet et, d’autre part une ouverture de la classe en interne et de l’école vers son milieu. Pour cette recherche qualitative et comparative, nous nous sommes intéressés, dans un premier temps, à repérer la nature des actions collectives en éducation à la santé mises en place dans des écoles primaires au Québec (n=6) et en France (n=6), dans un deuxième temps, à analyser les différents types de partenariat et enfin, dans un troisième temps, à mettre en relation la nature des actions en éducation à la santé et les type de réseaux. Le cadre d’analyse du partenariat est celui de Mérini (1999, 2006) qui définit le partenariat comme «le minium d’action commune négociée visant à résoudre un problème ou une problématique reconnue comme commune». Le corpus est constitué à partir des écrits professionnels (compte-rendu de réunion, production d’élèves, projet d’école, etc.) recueillis sur deux années et d’entretiens semi-dirigés. Pour notre analyse, seuls les écrits professionnels ont été pris en considération. Dans un premier temps, nous avons décrit et analysé la nature des actions en éducation à la santé d’une part, sous l’angle de la définition de Mérini (2007, 2009) à savoir que «l’éducation à la santé, à l’école, peut se concevoir comme l’installation d’une série de rapports à soi, aux autres, au milieu, au passé et à l’avenir dans le but d’amener l’élève par des opinions raisonnées à faire des choix éclairés en matière de santé» et d’autre part, au travers des pratiques des enseignants. Les résultats démontrent qu’au Québec, le rapport à soi est le plus travaillé alors qu’en France, c’est le rapport à l’autre. Au Québec, les actions semblent plus complexes qu’en France et combinent souvent plus d’un rapport. Enfin, au Québec, davantage d’actions en éducation à la santé s’inscrivent dans la promotion d’un mode de vie actif. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous sommes intéressés aux logiques partenariales qui sous-tendent les actions en éducation à la santé sous l’angle des réseaux d’ouverture et de collaboration et des ressources utilisées pour mettre en place et développer ces actions. Les résultats démontrent que l’école trouve ses ressources en interne et que le réseau de type 2 dont l’enjeu est la formation des élèves est le plus fréquent. [...] / In Quebec and in France, at school, health is often seen through the filter of health promotion and the large campaigns of Public health relayed by the school health with in particular evaluations of programs and analyses inter organizational (Weiner et al, 1988 ; Jourdan et al, 1998 ; Carlson et al, 2008 et Kreulen et al, 2009). For many years, the official texts (Quebec Education Program (2001) and the common base of the knowledge in France (1998)) invite teachers to tackle health education in a comprehensive and systemic way and include it in the nearest learning. Although, health education makes explicit part of the curriculum, it is hardly a place in school. It does, indeed, not the configuration of a discipline and may involve different field school (Physical Education, Biology, etc). Answering, these injunctions require firstly that Health education is not seen as an empirical notion but more rather as a strong conviction that teachers want to work with pupils and secondly, an opening of the class toward the other class and the school toward the community. For this qualitative and comparative research, we were interested, at first, to spot the nature of the collective actions in health education realized in primary schools in Quebec (n=6) and in France (n=6), secondly, to analyze the types of partnership and finally, in the third time, to put in relation the nature of the health education actions and the type of networks.The frame of analysis of the partnership is the one of Mérini (1999, 2006) who defines the partnership as «the minimum common actions negotiated towards the resolution of a problem or a problematic recognized as mutual».The corpus is constituted from professional papers (report of meeting, pupils' production, project of school, etc.) collected over two years and of semi-managed conversations. For our analysis, only the professional papers were considered. At first, we described and analyzed the nature of health education actions under the angle of the definition of Mérini (2007, 2009) to know that " health education, at school, can conceive as the installation of a series of reports to one, to the others, in the environment, in the past and in the future with the aim of bringing the pupil by opinions reasoned to make choices enlightened in health " and on the other hand, through teachers practices.The results demonstrate that in Quebec, the report to one is the most worked while in France, it is the report in the other one. In Quebec, the actions seem more complex than in France and combine often more than a report. Finally, in Quebec, more health education actions join the promotion of an active lifestyle. Secondly, we were interested in the partnership logics which underlie health education actions under the angle of the networks of opening and collaboration and the resources used to set up and develop these actions. The results show that the school finds its in-house resources and that the network of type 2 is the most frequent. Its stake is the training of the pupils. In France, actions are often subcontracted because the teachers consider the more competent specialists. The outer participants are different: in France, we find especially "préventologues" whereas in Quebec, the school works with parents or associations. [...]

The diploma thesis deals with the learning styles in a connection with the teaching strategies, especially their use by the gifted pupils from the fifth year of the primary school. The theoretical part describes the concepts of learning style and learning strategies from the several authors' point of view of, but it also deals with the characteristic features of a talented pupil in the younger school age. The theoretical part prepares the reader to understand the empirical part, which is crucial for the diploma thesis. The subject of the study is a group of eight gifted pupils from the fifth grade of the primary school who are attending an educational program for the exceptionally gifted pupils. The aim of the empirical part is to analyze pupils' own preference of the learning strategies and to map their situation. Thanks to the methods of the research such as the interviews, an observation, methods for developing the learning strategies and a questionnaire research, the goal of the qualitative empirical work has been fully achieved. After a month of work with the gifted pupils and their classmates, I have found that their own choice of the learning strategies is greatly influenced by the inner motivation, an in-depth learning style, a strategic learning style, and overall approach to the learning...