Study of Teachers¡¦ and Students¡¦ Thinking Styles and their Interactions in Instruction Abstract The purposes of this study were (1) to compare the relationship among teachers and students¡¦ thinking styles and their background. (2) to explore the relationship among teachers¡¦ background, teachers¡¦ thinking styles, and teaching behaviors. (3) to investigate the relationship among teaching behavior, students¡¦ thinking styles, learning perception satisfaction, and achievement. (4) to explore the influences of different matching of teachers¡¦ thinking styles and students¡¦ thinking styles on learning perception satisfaction and achievement. (5) to investigate the changing condition of students¡¦ thinking styles. (6) to explore the impact of teachers¡¦ thinking styles on students¡¦ thinking styles. Two groups of subjects were arranged: with one including 254 high school teachers in Taiwan area, and the other including 14 teachers and their 507 students in Koashuing. Teachers were asked to fill out Thinking Styles Questionnaire for Teacher (TSQT¡¨ and Teaching Behavior Scale (TBS), while students Thinking Styles Questionnaire (TSQ) and Learning Perception Satisfaction Check List (LPSCL). Qualitative research (Classroom observation) is applied to explore the interaction of teachers and students. The data were analyzed by Pearson¡¦s product-moment correlation, t-test, canonical correlation, Hotelling¡¦s T , one-way MANOVA, Repeat Measure Analysis, and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance. The conclusion were drawn as follows: 1. On teachers¡¦ background: (1) There were significant differences between male and female in judicial, and liberal styles. (2) There were no significant differences between high, mid and low years groups in thinking styles. (3) There were significant differences between high, mid and low age groups in executive thinking styles. (4) There were significant differences between high, mid and low father¡¥s education in conservative thinking styles. (5) There were significant differences between high, mid and low mother¡¦s education in conservative thinking styles. 2. On students¡¦ background: (1) There were significant differences between male and female in executive, judicial, and local thinking styles. (2) Birth orders, father¡¦s education, and mother¡¦s education have no significant differences with thinking styles. 3. Students¡¦ is more inclined to legislative, global, liberal, and conservative styles in pre-test than in post-test. 4. Teachers¡¦ background had no canonical correlation with teachers¡¦ thinking styles. Teachers¡¦ thinking styles had canonical correlation with teaching behavior. Three canonical factors of Teachers¡¦ thinking styles efficacy explained 43.4% of all teacher behavior. 5. Teachers¡¦ legislative, executive, and liberal thinking styles had significant effects on students¡¦ thinking styles. 6. Some teaching behavior had significant correlation with students¡¦ thinking styles. 7. Teaching behavior had significant correlation with learning perception satisfaction, but not achievement. 8. Teachers¡¦ thinking styles had significant correlation with students¡¦ thinking styles. 9. Matching of teacher-student¡¦s thinking styles had significant correlation with learning perception satisfaction and achievement.

This thesis examines the views of A.C.T. primary school teachers about their work to build a picture of the culture of primary school teacher work of primary schools in the Australian Capital Territory. I define teaching culture to mean the behaviour, work practices, beliefs and possible habits teachers display in their efforts to perform the task of teaching. This description of teaching is possibly similar to what some authors describe as the 'sociology' of teaching (e.g. Barton and Walker, 1981). It is also a reflection of Deal's suggestion that culture describes 'the way things are done around here1 (Deal, 1985:605). In this case the study builds a picture of primary school teacher perceptions of the way things are, the culture of primary school teacher work, in the A.C.T. primary teaching system. The study has been designed to identify key workplace issues which preoccupy A.C.T. primary school teachers now and what they perceive to be the significant issues of the future, that is by the year 2005. The Delphi methodology was chosen to be the means to gather and refine information and perceptions from teachers its ability to clarify and refine issues and because the Delphi has amongst its advantages anonymity for participants and the use of experts in the data gathering. The study found that a high proportion of teachers feel stressed about attending meetings, yet wanting at the same time a say in the running of their school. Other results were that teachers considered they are poorly supported by the wider community and that a significant reward of the job was the interaction with the children. Teachers also believe that instructional methods will be radically different by 2005. The study aims to provide current information about the culture of primary school teacher work to teachers themselves and to present to interested authorities and institutions, such as the Department of Education and Training and The University of Canberra or the Australian Catholic University, recommendations for further research and practice to assist in policy design regarding the work teachers do. Some recommendations to the Department of Education and Training include: · the culture of primary school teacher work should be actively promoted to inform the community of the complexity of teacher work and to attract quality applicants to the profession; · that classroom teachers are resourced, at comparable levels to Public Servants or Departmental officers, with equipment such as computers and furniture; · that consideration be given to providing more inservice opportunities for teachers to pursue during stand-down (school holiday) time. Recommendations made to teacher-training institutions include: · regular research and reviews of teacher-training programs, with particular emphasis placed on beginning teacher needs and competencies and to highlighting areas newly recruited and experienced teachers consider require more training; · the design of comprehensive upgrading programs catering for the needs of newly appointed and experienced teachers.

<p>Språket är en viktig del i matematikundervisningen. Forskning visar att språket är betydelsefullt för utvecklingen av ny kunskap och man har också kunnat se ett samband mellan språklig och matematisk förmåga. Undersökningar har dock visat att det ökade fokus på kommunikation och samspel inom matematikundervisningen som aktuell läroplan och kursplan förordar inte helt har slagit igenom inom skolan. För att ta reda på lärares syn på språkets betydelse i matematikundervisningen och även få en aktuell bild av undervisningssituationen ur ett språkligt perspektiv har en kvalitativ intervjuundersökning genomförts bland sex mellanstadielärare i en svensk kommun.</p><p>Undersökningen visar att samtliga intervjuade lärare anser att språket är viktigt i matematikundervisningen. Däremot skiljer det sig åt när det gäller vilken betydelse de anser att det har. Enskilt arbete utgör här, liksom i tidigare undersökningar, den största delen av undervisningen, även om hälften av lärarna aktivt arbetar med matematiska samtal eleverna emellan. En av de slutsatser som dras av undersökningen är att om kursplanens mål gällande en kommunikativ förmåga ska kunna uppnås, måste eleverna regelbundet få skriva, samtala och diskutera kring matematiska frågor.</p> / <p>Language is an important part of mathematics education. Research shows that language is significant for knowledge development and that there is a connection between linguistic and mathematical ability. Investigations have shown, though, that the increased focus on communication and pupil interaction within the mathematics education, recommended in the curriculum and syllabus, have not yet reached the desired effect. In order to find out about teachers’ views on the significance of language in mathematics education, and also to get an update of the current educational situation from a linguistic perspective, a qualitative investigation has been made among six primary-school teachers.</p><p>The investigation shows that all teachers interviewed believe language to be important in mathematics education. They do, however, differ in their opinions of where the significance lies. The main part of mathematics lessons is, as noted in previous investigations, used for individual schoolwork, even though half the group of teachers actively practise mathematical communication amongst the pupils. One of the conclusions that can be drawn from this investigation is that if the syllabus’ objective about communicative ability is to be achieved, the pupils must be allowed to write and discuss mathematical issues on a regular basis.</p>

Språket är en viktig del i matematikundervisningen. Forskning visar att språket är betydelsefullt för utvecklingen av ny kunskap och man har också kunnat se ett samband mellan språklig och matematisk förmåga. Undersökningar har dock visat att det ökade fokus på kommunikation och samspel inom matematikundervisningen som aktuell läroplan och kursplan förordar inte helt har slagit igenom inom skolan. För att ta reda på lärares syn på språkets betydelse i matematikundervisningen och även få en aktuell bild av undervisningssituationen ur ett språkligt perspektiv har en kvalitativ intervjuundersökning genomförts bland sex mellanstadielärare i en svensk kommun. Undersökningen visar att samtliga intervjuade lärare anser att språket är viktigt i matematikundervisningen. Däremot skiljer det sig åt när det gäller vilken betydelse de anser att det har. Enskilt arbete utgör här, liksom i tidigare undersökningar, den största delen av undervisningen, även om hälften av lärarna aktivt arbetar med matematiska samtal eleverna emellan. En av de slutsatser som dras av undersökningen är att om kursplanens mål gällande en kommunikativ förmåga ska kunna uppnås, måste eleverna regelbundet få skriva, samtala och diskutera kring matematiska frågor. / Language is an important part of mathematics education. Research shows that language is significant for knowledge development and that there is a connection between linguistic and mathematical ability. Investigations have shown, though, that the increased focus on communication and pupil interaction within the mathematics education, recommended in the curriculum and syllabus, have not yet reached the desired effect. In order to find out about teachers’ views on the significance of language in mathematics education, and also to get an update of the current educational situation from a linguistic perspective, a qualitative investigation has been made among six primary-school teachers. The investigation shows that all teachers interviewed believe language to be important in mathematics education. They do, however, differ in their opinions of where the significance lies. The main part of mathematics lessons is, as noted in previous investigations, used for individual schoolwork, even though half the group of teachers actively practise mathematical communication amongst the pupils. One of the conclusions that can be drawn from this investigation is that if the syllabus’ objective about communicative ability is to be achieved, the pupils must be allowed to write and discuss mathematical issues on a regular basis.

Abstract The school today has an assignment to offset traditional gender patterns as well as to create opportunities for all pupils to achieve the same good results in school regardless of sex, ethnicity and conditions. The educator’s assignment is determined by governing documents, and the educator plays a role in helping the pupil find their equal role in society. This means that the educator needs to work in a way that offsets traditional gender patterns and require approaches that would benefit equal opportunities for both boys and girls to achieve good results. The purpose of the study was, through interviews, to get an idea of how primary school teachers from a gender equal perspective perceive how they see them relate to boys and girls in their teachings. The study is based on the presumptions that the pupils have but focusing on the relationship between school achievements and equality. The study brings up concepts like gender theories, equality, the biological sexes, the history of the schools development and changes in acceptance of boys and girls and the role of the governing documents to reach acceptable achievements. The collected material was processed and analyzed using literature which addresses the concepts. The result of the study shows that the teachers approach partially was shaped by their own experiences. It also occurs that the educators to some extent lacks awareness that differences in school achievement between boys and girls could be connected from a gender perspective. The study also shows that the educators feel that they are missing needed recourses, education and tools to be able to work on issues related to equality from a school perspective.  This could be part of the reasons to why the traditional gender pattern is reproduced and that gender related differences in school achievements continues. / Sammandrag Skolan har i dag ett uppdrag att motverka traditionella könsmönster samt att skapa möjligheter för alla eleverna att nå samma goda resultat i skolan oavsett kön, etnicitet eller förutsättningar. Pedagogens uppdrag vilar på styrdokumenten, där pedagogen spelar aktör i elevernas arbete med att själva skapa sig en jämställd roll i samhället. Detta innebär att pedagogen ska arbeta på ett sätt som motverkar traditionella könsmönster och kräver förhållningssätt som förutsätter att pojkar och flickor får samma möjligheter att nå goda resultat.   Syftet med studien har varit att genom samtalsintervjuer få en insyn i hur grundskollärare, utifrån ett jämställdhetsperspektiv, uppfattar att de förhåller sig till pojkar och flickor i sin undervisning. Studiens har lagts med utgångspunkt i de förutsättningar som eleverna har och med fokus på relationen mellan skolprestationer och jämställdhet.   Studien tar upp begrepp som teorier kring genus, jämställdhet, det biologiska könet, skolans historiska utvecklingar utifrån pojkar och flickors perspektiv samt styrdokumentens roll för att uppnå en godtagbar prestation. Det insamlade materialet har sedan bearbetades och analyserats utifrån litteratur som behandlar dessa begrepp.   Resultatet av studien visar att lärarnas förhållningssätt, till del, formats av den egna erfarenheten. Det framkommer även att pedagogerna delvis saknar en medvetenhet om att en skillnad i skolprestation, mellan pojkar och flickor, skulle kunna kopplas till ett könsperspektiv. Det framkom även att det ur pedagogens perspektiv saknas resurser, rätt utbildning och verktyg för att kunna arbeta med frågor kring jämställdhet utifrån ett skolperspektiv. Detta kan vara delar av skälen till att det traditionella könsmönstret reproduceras och att könsskillnaderna i skolprestationer kvarstår.

This work analyses pedagogical and social activities of the primary school teacher in East-West Lithuania.

Uppsatsen bygger på den vandringsdagbok som skrevs under 1952-1954 av 24 nyutexaminerade småskollärarinnor från Norrköpings småskoleseminarium. De hade enats om att skriva brev i dagboksform omfattande tre sidor brevtext och sedan låta boken cirkulera runt till samtliga författare. Boken skulle i första hand spegla deras arbete som lärarinnor och viktiga delar av deras privatliv. För några år sedan skänktes böckerna, 23 av 25, till Arbetets museum i Norrköping. Jag har tagit del av breven som omfattar lärarinnornas första arbetsår och försökt analysera deras arbete, privatliv, föreningsliv och deras hemligheter som det speglas i vandringsdagboken. De flesta anställdes bara på korta vikariat. En tredjedel förlovade eller gifte sig under det första året och några födde barn. Umgänget bestod av nya kolleger och av kontakt med gamla vänner från seminarietiden. De intresserade sig mycket litet för aktuella politiska, kulturella eller sociala problem. Vissa frågor, privata eller i skolan, behandlas inte i brevtexterna. / My essay is a result of an investigation of letters written in a diary between 1952 and 1954 by 24 primary school teachers who had just finished their final exam in the College of Education in Norrköping, Sweden during the summer of 1952. They had promised each other to write letters of three pages in a diary and to let the book circulate between all the participators. The letters should include the experience of their work as schoolteachers but also important parts of their private lives. The books, 23 of 25 in all, were donated to the Arbetets museum in Norrköping a few years ago. I have read the letters and made an effort to analyse their educational work, their private lives, their community activities and their secrets as found in the texts of the diary. The teachers were employed for some months or for one or two terms. One third of them was engaged or married during the first year and a few gave birth to children. Their intimate friends consisted of schoolteachers but they also kept contact with their old acquaintances from the College of Education. They took little interest in the political, cultural or social problems during the period I have studied. Certain questions of private nature were not discussed in the diary letters.

Syftet med undersökningen är att undersöka hur grundskollärare och fritidspedagoger samarbetar. I uppsatsen kommer samarbetet mellan skola och fritidshem att belysas. Det kommer att undersökas vad som fungerar bra och vilka eventuella brister som kan finnas i samarbetet mellan grundskollärare och fritidspedagoger. För att klargöra syftet kommer det att undersökas vilka synsätt som finns i yrkeskategorierna när det gäller samarbete mellan skola och fritidshem. Vidare kommer det att undersökas hur fritidspedagoger och lärare delger varandra sina kompetenser. Undersökningens metod är kvalitativa intervjuer. Totalt intervjuades tre fritidspedagoger och tre grundskollärare.   Resultatet av undersökningen visar att fritidspedagoger och grundskollärare anser att det finns ett samarbete mellan skola och fritidshem. Yrkeskategorierna samarbetar tillsammans genom att de planerar skolverksamheten tillsammans. När det gäller inställningen till ett gemensamt samarbete så är flertalet av pedagogerna positiva. Yrkeskategorierna är bra på att ta vara på varandras kompetenser då man inom arbetslaget talar om vilka kompetenser som finns inom olika områden. Resultatet visar att flertalet av yrkeskategorierna är nöjda med det samarbete som är idag men det finns även pedagoger som inte tycker att det fungerar lika bra. Undersökningen visar att samarbete är viktigt. Vidare visar resultatet att mer gemensam planeringstid krävs för att skapa och utveckla samarbetet. / The survey aims to investigate how primary teachers and leisure-pedagogues collaborate. In the paper, the cooperation between school and leisure will be elucidated. It will examine what works well and what possible defects that may exist in the cooperation between primary teachers and leisure-pedagogues. To clarify the purpose it will examine the approaches that are available in occupational categories in terms of collaboration between schools and leisure centers. Furthermore it will examine how leisure-pedagogues and teachers communicate each other their skills. The survey method is qualitative interviews.  Total sample three leisure-pedagogues and three primary school teachers. The results of the survey shows that leisure-pedagogues and primary school teachers believe that there is cooperation between schools and leisure centers. Occupation categories are collaborating together through the planning school activities together. When it comes to setting a joint collaboration is the majority of the educators positive.  Occupation categories are good at taking advantage of each other's skills when the team talks about what skills are in different areas.  The result shows that the majority of occupational categories are pleased with the cooperation that is today but there are also teachers who do not think it works as well.The survey shows that collaboration is essential. Furthermore, the results show that more common planning time required creating and developing cooperation.

This thesis investigates the professional knowledge and views about gifted education held by teachers working in a suburban primary school in Melbourne, Australia. Examining discourses of giftedness and intelligence, it adopts a case study approach to explore teachers’ gendered understanding of these concepts four years after they undertook a program of professional development in gifted education during the late 1990s. The analysis of the case study is located in relation to historical as well as current policy and professional debates regarding the education of gifted children, and the context of broader contemporary educational reforms. During the 1990s, much educational reform in Australia, as elsewhere, was characterised by neo-liberal practices of devolution, and a greater emphasis on individual accountability that altered school management structures and directed curriculum practices towards a focus on outcomes-based education. The increasing scrutiny of teaching and learning became normalised as both teachers and students were regularly monitored and measured. Within the prevailing political and educational landscape, Victoria’s first gifted education policy was introduced in May 1995. / The study examined how teachers negotiated educational reforms and policy initiatives during a time of significant change and translated them into their own professional common sense and working knowledge. A qualitative methodology is adopted, and the research design encompasses close analysis of teachers’ narratives and content analysis of school policies and programs as well as informal and formal documentation and reports. Examination of the case study material is informed by a feminist approach and concern with practices of gender differentiation and inequality in education; the analysis is also influenced by key poststructuralist concepts of “discourses”, “regimes of truth” and “normalisation” drawn from the work of the French philosopher Michel Foucault. / Three main lines of analysis are developed. First, I examine current meanings of, and discourses on, gifted education and their historical antecedents. I argue that gifted education practices emanate from modernist practices and that the constructs of intelligence and giftedness were enthusiastically adopted as technological tools to regulate and classify populations. I further argue that understanding these earlier views on intelligence and the “gifted child” remains important as these continue, often unwittingly, to infiltrate and shape teachers’ attitudes and knowledge, as well as the “regimes of truth” expressed in policy and professional discourses. Second, I propose that a deeply entrenched Australian egalitarian ethos has affected teachers’ views and practices, influencing how they navigate the field of gifted education, typically characterised as an elite form of educational provision. In some cases, this produces ambivalence about the value of gifted education, leading to educational practices that are at odds with gifted educational practices recommended by research. I argue that the program of gifted professional development did not alter deeply entrenched beliefs about gifted education, with teachers claiming personal experience and working knowledge as the crux to recognising and catering for difference. Third, I examine the socially gendered dimensions of these entrenched views and their impact on highly able girls. I argue that for teachers, the norm of the gifted child is gendered. Whilst girls can be bright or clever or smart, the idealised gifted child is more likely to be male. / This thesis offers an in-depth examination of the micro-practices of one school as it strives for excellence. It contributes insights into the impact of “topdown” policy and professional development on teachers’ working knowledge and professional practice. This study shows that while the imposed educational policies and gifted education programs provided information for teachers, they did not alter teachers’ fundamental belief systems, professional knowledge or gender differentiating teaching practices.

ABSTRACT Burn up syndrome, or a "burnout", was for the first time described in 1974. It is the psychical stadium of the human being in modern society. Especially teachers could be fully burned down. Nowadays is this problem rising up very fast in the group of educators. Teachers are the group in a huge danger of the burnout emergence, where someone could suffer with it at this time. And that`s why was dedicated this research to teachers of chosen Junior and High school. The main goal was to find out the teachers`affection of this syndrome in this concrete chosen school and find out which stressors mainly contribute to rising burnout syndrome. Partial goals should investigate methods and ways used by the teachers of this school and by the school management to protect teachers against the burnout syndrome. The quantitative research was brought into effect by the structural anonymous open, semi - closed and closed questionaire. Documents of investigation were distributed to the chosen school teachers by electronic way. The results of investigation didn't prove the burnout syndrome of this chosen school teachers. But the stressors described in professional literature were confirmed as a source of possible reason of the teachers' burnout syndrome beginning. The investigation also proved the teachers'...