Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit s’inscrivent dans le contexte de l’inspection automatisée d’assemblages mécaniques aéronautiques par vision artificielle. Il s’agit de décider si l’assemblage mécanique a été correctement réalisé (assemblage conforme). Les travaux ont été menés dans le cadre de deux projets industriels. Le projet CAAMVis d’une part, dans lequel le capteur d’inspection est constitué d’une double tête stéréoscopique portée par un robot, le projet Lynx© d’autre part, dans lequel le capteur d’inspection est une caméra Pan/Tilt/Zoom (vision monoculaire). Ces deux projets ont pour point commun la volonté d’exploiter au mieux le modèle CAO de l’assemblage (qui fournit l’état de référence souhaité) dans la tâche d’inspection qui est basée sur l’analyse de l’image ou des images 2D fournies par le capteur. La méthode développée consiste à comparer une image 2D acquise par le capteur (désignée par « image réelle ») avec une image 2D synthétique, générée à partir du modèle CAO. Les images réelles et synthétiques sont segmentées puis décomposées en un ensemble de primitives 2D. Ces primitives sont ensuite appariées, en exploitant des concepts de la théorie de graphes, notamment l’utilisation d’un graphe biparti pour s’assurer du respect de la contrainte d’unicité dans le processus d’appariement. Le résultat de l’appariement permet de statuer sur la conformité ou la non-conformité de l’assemblage. L’approche proposée a été validée à la fois sur des données de simulation et sur des données réelles acquises dans le cadre des projets sus-cités. / The work presented in this manuscript deals with automated inspection of aeronautical mechanical parts using computer vision. The goal is to decide whether a mechanical assembly has been assembled correctly i.e. if it is compliant with the specifications. This work was conducted within two industrial projects. On one hand the CAAMVis project, in which the inspection sensor consists of a dual stereoscopic head (stereovision) carried by a robot, on the other hand the Lynx© project, in which the inspection sensor is a single Pan/Tilt/Zoom camera (monocular vision). These two projects share the common objective of exploiting as much as possible the CAD model of the assembly (which provides the desired reference state) in the inspection task which is based on the analysis of the 2D images provided by the sensor. The proposed method consists in comparing a 2D image acquired by the sensor (referred to as "real image") with a synthetic 2D image generated from the CAD model. The real and synthetic images are segmented and then decomposed into a set of 2D primitives. These primitives are then matched by exploiting concepts from the graph theory, namely the use of a bipartite graph to guarantee the respect of the uniqueness constraint required in such a matching process. The matching result allows to decide whether the assembly has been assembled correctly or not. The proposed approach was validated on both simulation data and real data acquired within the above-mentioned projects.

La dyskinésie ciliaire primitive (DCP) est une maladie génétique rare, autosomique récessive, résultant d'un dysfonctionnement des cils de l'épithélium respiratoire. Les patients atteints souffrent d'infections respiratoires chroniques accompagnées de complications évoluant vers l'insuffisance respiratoire, en dépit de traitements antibiotiques et de kinésithérapique à vie. Ils peuvent aussi présenter une hétérotaxie.La première partie de ma thèse a consisté à rechercher des gènes impliqués dans l'hétérotaxie et la DCP. Grâce au séquençage haut-débit, nous avons pu identifier deux nouveaux gènes - MMP21 et RSPH1 - responsables respectivement d'hétérotaxie et de DCP. L'identification de tous les gènes responsables est un préalable indispensable à toute thérapie génique. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons cherché à développer une thérapie génique in vivo dans le but de restaurer un battement ciliaire normal et ainsi de stopper l'évolution de la maladie. Préalablement, notre laboratoire avait apporté la preuve du concept dans un essai de thérapie génique in vitro impliquant le gène DNAI1. Pour la démonstration in vivo, la lignée Dnahc11iv de souris ayant une mutation du gène Dnahc11 et ayant des cils déficients a été choisie. L'ADNc de DNAH11 (14 kb) a été cloné sous contrôle d'une partie de la séquence du promoteur FOXJ1, suffisante pour limiter l'expression du transgène aux cellules ciliées. Une autre construction a permis de produire des vecteurs dérivés du baculovirus. Un essai de délivrance par voies nasale et trachéale a été réalisé avec succès d'une part avec les vecteurs dérivés du baculovirus et d'autre part avec l'ADNc complexé à des nanoparticules / Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, caused by airway epithelial cilia dysfunction. Patients suffer from chronic respiratory infections along with various organ defects evolving toward respiratory insufficiency, in spite of antibiotic treatment and lifelong physiotherapy. They can also have heterotaxy syndrome. The first part of this work aimed to identify mutations in genes implicated in heterotaxy and PCD. Thanks to next-generation sequencing method, two new genes were identified MMP21 and RSPH1 causing heterotaxy and PCD respectively. The discovery of all causal genes is the base of the development of a PCD therapy system. The second part describes the development and the characterization of tools needed to establish an in vivo gene therapy. The purpose is to restore a normal cilia beating to limit or even stop the disease. First, our laboratory demonstrated the proof-of-concept in an in vitro gene therapy assay for DNAI1. To do so, Dnahc11 deficient mouse model with immotile cilia and PCD symptoms was chosen. Then, to achieve the project, DNAH11 cDNA (14 kb) has been cloned under control of a part of the sequence of the specific promoter (FOXJ1), previously demonstrated as sufficient to limit transgene expression to ciliated cells. Another construction was made to produce baculovirus derived vectors. A cDNA delivery attempt through nasal and tracheal way was done with baculovirus derived vector or DNAH11 cDNA complexed with nanoparticles

La Néphropathie à IgA est la glomérulonéphrite primitive la plus fréquente, responsable d’une évolution vers l’insuffisance rénale terminale dans 10 à 30% des cas après 20 ans d’évolution. Les déterminants de cette maladie sont nombreux, impliquant de multiples acteurs de l’inflammation, qu’ils soient cellulaires ou humoraux. La physiopathologie générale de la maladie est actuellement considérée comme se déroulant en quatre « coups », (i) la production d’IgA1 polymériques présentant un déficit de galactosylation de la région charnière, (ii) l’existence d’un élément circulant capable de complexer ces IgA1 anormales, pouvant être une IgG anti-glycane ou la portion soluble du récepteur de type I aux IgA (sCD89), (iii) la constitution de complexes immuns circulants et (iv) le dépôt glomérulaire de ces complexes, générant des lésions inflammatoires puis cicatricielles responsables de l’évolution vers la maladie rénale chronique. La médiation inflammatoire est impliquée à différents niveaux comprenant entre autres le rôle de l’infiltration de macrophages dans le tissu rénal, l’orchestration de cette réponse inflammatoire glomérulaire par les sous-populations de lymphocytes T et l’importance de l’activation du complément sur le déterminisme des lésions glomérulaires inflammatoires médiées par les complexes immuns déposés. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, l’implication de ces différents acteurs a été explorée. Les macrophages expriment le récepteur de type I aux IgA (CD89, issu du gène FCAR), dont une mutation de la portion intracytoplasmique modifie in vitro la transduction du signal. La première étude a visé à évaluer sur une grande cohorte rétrospective l’impact de cette mutation sur le risque d’occurrence de la maladie ainsi que son impact pronostique. Le rôle des sous-populations T a été abordé au cours d’une seconde étude, suivant l’hypothèse que l’orientation pro inflammatoire au cours de la NIgA pourrait être liée à un déficit de régulation par une sous-population de lymphocytes T, les Tregs. Cette étude prospective a évalué la représentation de la sous-population CD4+CD25+CD127low et le profil d’expression génique de gènes prototypiques des sous-populations Th1, Tregs et Th17. Le rôle du complément comme médiateur inflammatoire à l’interface entre les complexes immuns à IgA1 et les cellules mésangiales a été exploré par une étude in vitro. La mutation 844 A->G de FCAR n’a pas été associée à un risque supplémentaire de développer la maladie et n’impactait pas le pronostic des patients. L’étude des lymphocytes T n’a pas montré de différence de quantité de cellulesCD4+CD25+CD127low entre patients et volontaires sains et ne suggérait qu’une tendance en faveur d’un déficit fonctionnel de régulation (plus faible expression des gènes FoxP3, IL10, TGFβ chez les patients). Enfin, des fragments issus de l’activation et de la protéolyse par le facteur I de C3 ont été mis en évidence par immunoblot et spectrométrie de masse au sein des complexes immuns générés artificiellement en présence de serum. Ces études suggèrent qu’une modification du rôle fonctionnel du CD89 n’impacte pas le devenir de la NIgA, ce qui est en défaveur d’un rôle critique de ce récepteur dans la pathogénie de la maladie. La tendance au déficit fonctionnel Tregs nécessite d’être confirmée au sein d’un effectif plus conséquent et présentant une forme plus active de la maladie, mais elle corrobore deux autres études comparables dans leur méthodologie. Enfin, le rôle du complément se situe à l’interface entre les complexes immuns et les effecteurs inflammatoires glomérulaires tels que les cellules mésangiales / IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis, leading to end stage renal failure in 10 to 30% of cases after 20 years. This disease is determined by numerous inflammatory players, including cells and molecules. The pathogeny of the disease is likely to be driven by a 4 « hits » model, (i) increased systemic production of aberrantly O galactosylated polymeric IgA1, (ii) the existence of circulating abnormal IgA1 binding element, which could be either an anti-glycan IgG or the soluble fragment of the main IgA receptor (sCD89), (iii) the formation of circulating immune complexes, and (iv) the glomerular deposition of these complexes, that accounts for a variable local inflammation leading to scarring processes and finally to the chronic kidney disease. Inflammatory mechanisms operate at several levels, including the macrophage cells infiltration in the kidney tissue, the orchestration of the immune response by T-cells subsets, including regulatory T-cells, and the role of complement activation to induce the glomerular inflammatory response from the immune complexes deposition. In the present work, we aimed to explore the implication of these inflammation response players. Macrophages express the type I IgA receptor (CD89, downstream from its gene FCAR), whose function can be affected in vitro by a common mutation of its intracytoplasmic portion. A first study evaluated the impact of this mutation on the risk to develop the disease as well as on the global prognosis. A second study evaluated the role of T-cell subsets during IgAN, following the hypothesis that the pro-inflammatory balance of the disease could be a consequence of a defect in the immune regulation by the Tregs. This prospective study aimed to assessing the frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127low cells in peripheral blood and the characteristic gene expression profile from Th1, Th17 and Tregs subsets. The role of complement as an inflammatory player at the interface between IgA1 containing immune complexes and mesangial cells was explored by an in vitro study. The single nucleotide polymorphism 844 A->G of FCAR had no impact neither on disease risk of occurrence neither on the renal survival. The T-cell subsets study failed to demonstrate any difference in the proportion of CD4+CD25+CD127low cells and only suggested a defect in functional activity of Tregs, according to a lower expression of FoxP3, IL10, TGFβ genes. The third in vitro study demonstrated by immunoblot and mass spectrometry the presence of C3 breakdown products accompanying IgA1 based engineered immune complexes formed in presence of normal immunoglobulin depleted serum. The lack of effect of the mutation of FCAR on the IgAN prognosis is not in favour to a critical role of this receptor on the pathogeny of the disease. The trend in the functional defect of Tregs subset needs to be confirmed in a larger study, including patients with a more severe form of their disease. This result is however consistent with two other studies displaying a similar methodology. The role of complement is confirmed to be a key player, as it is likely to act at the interface between the IgAN particular immune complexes and mesangial cells

This research is an investigation of the Late Holocene technological transition from the spearthrower and dart to the bow and arrow in north central Texas. It is conducted through a theoretical approach that utilizes ethnographic research, experimental archaeology and the archaeological record to elucidate differences in the behaviors and hunting strategies of Late Archaic and Late Prehistoric groups. It first confirms that there was a transition. Second, a lithic analysis demonstrates that there are fundamental differences in the sizes of the stone dart and arrow points that relate to the propulsive requirements of the weapon systems. Third, it is shown these size differences constrain maintenance potentials and that indeed dart and arrow points exhibit stark differences in their life histories in spite of being employed for the same task. And finally, the faunal record suggests that this transition was associated with an increase in foraging efficiency.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The notion of symbolic power dates back to W. Krull, who used it in the proof of the famous theorem of principal ideal, this a crucial milestone in the short history of commutative algebra. Later, O. Zariski, M. Nagata, D. Rees and others have shown how this purely algebraic notion has important signi cance in algebraic geometry. In this paper we study the symbolic powers showing some of its most fundamental properties and their connections with various aspects of algebraic geometry and commutative algebra. / A no ção de potência simb ólica remonta a W. Krull, que a usou na prova do c élebre teorema do ideal principal, este um marco crucial na curta hist ória da álgebra comutativa. Mais adiante, O. Zariski, M. Nagata, D. Rees e outros mostraram como esta no ção puramente alg ébrica tem importante signi ficado em geometria alg ébrica. Neste trabalho estudaremos as potências simb ólicas evidenciando algumas de suas propriedades mais fundamentais e suas conexões com aspectos variados da geometria alg ébrica e álgebra comutativa.

This thesis aims at formulating a human rights justification based on the assumption that disbelief in human rights is found in communicative grounds, rather than some sort of unreasonable evil. I first identify what I believe to be a flaw in the communicative strength of existing human rights justifications in explaining why rights should be. I suggest that there is a gap between the justifications of human rights that contain metaphysical narrative, and the justifications that rely on subjective experience of rights as good. I further explain how this is a gap that political consensus and the idea of Kantian moral reason cannot seem to fill. I subsequently boil this gap down to the concept of value, since the foundation for each justification is based on a type of value. These are categorized as either given value – which applies to all attributes of value that is “given” to us independently of our actions or opinions, or created value – which applies to all attributes of value that stem from social interaction (thus action) and experience. As justifications are funneled into either of these two categories of value, it begins to look like no other type of value exist, and as a result no one looks for it. To respond to this problem, I formulate a philosophical explanation, in Robert Nozicks terms. This explanation shows that there may be other routes to apply to value than sticking to simply given or created value. My explanation utilizes the three theories of philosophical anthropology, internal metaphysical realism and Wittgensteins philosophy of language, and it is based on the result of an analysis of material consisting of human rights justification arguments by Nicholas Wolterstorff, Alasdaire MacIntyre, Martha Nussbaum and Richard Rorty. The actual philosophical explanation I formulate utilizes the metaphysics of Helen Steward to provide a given-value foundation for the primitive reactions of Stefan Eriksson, which creates value through social organization. Overall, I find that there are untried possibilities which may allow for a different type of value to act as the foundation for a human rights justification. My contribution to the field rests in the novelty of the theories used in my explanation, and the angle of the problem formulation.

[pt] O objeto central desta Tese Doutoral é a questão da atividade profética cristã no livro do Apocalipse, com a finalidade de propor, através da análise literária de Ap 10,1-11, uma possível descrição do profeta cristão e das características do seu lugar sócio-eclesial no Apocalipse de São João. Parece existir, até certo momento histórico, no interior da eclesialidade cristã primitiva uma figura individual ou grupal, denominada profh,thj, com sua silhueta, função e autoridade próprias, diversas do profeta clássico veterotestamentário, conhecido inclusive no N.T, através da figura de João Batista. Duas premissas estão inter-relacionadas: a hipótese de uma adequada abordagem sócio-literária, sem que isso signifique o mero uso dos resultados empíricos da sociologia da religião aplicados a textos bíblicos neotestamentários; e, ao mesmo tempo, a hipótese plausível do acesso à realidade contextual destes membros da comunidade denominados nos textos do Apocalipse como profetas. A nossa tese não só abordará a questão, na sua pertinência bíblico- exegética, mas incluirá também a discussão acerca da atualidade desta temática. Por que falarmos ou nos interessarmos por estes profetas, encerrados, como tantas outras formas, nos antigos textos cristãos? Que fenômenos contemporâneos, eclesiais ou não, estão exigindo uma reavaliação desta questão. / [en] The central object of this Doctoral thesis lies in the issue of the Christian prophetic activities in the book of Revelation. It aims to propose a probable description of the Christian prophet as well as the characteristics of his socialecclesiastic place as such, by means of the literary analysis of Rev 10, 1-11. There seems to be, up to a certain historical moment, within the primitive Christian ecclesiasticism an individual or group figure named profh,thj, who had a silhouette, a function and an authority of his own, diverse from the classic Old Testament prophet. This latter known in the New Testament for the figure of John the Baptist. Two premises stand inter-related: the hypothesis of a proper socio-literary approach, that does not mean a mere use of the empirical results of sociology of religion to the New Testament; and, alongside it, the reasonable hypothesis of the access to the contextual reality by the members of the community so called prophets in the texts of the Revelation. Our thesis not only approaches the biblical-exegetic relevance of the issue, but also includes its present discussion. Why do we talk or matter about these prophets that are summed up to the ancient Christian texts like so many other forms? Which contemporary phenomena, ecclesiastic or not, demand a re- evaluation of such issue?

This thesis aims to explore how a critical reading of the novel Things Fall Apart (1958) can provide valuable perspective for educators and students when examining socio-economic issues in  a colonial context in the ESL classroom. The main issues being analysed are how the novel reveals and explores socio-economic forms of exploitation under colonialism, and how a critical reading of the novel can be used in teaching to inform and persuade learners about social injustices. To show this, the essay examines the novel from a marxist perspective, and more specifically by drawing on the concept of primitive accumulation to understand and explain the changes brought about by the introduction of colonial rule. The changes in this context include the Igbo community's relation to land, its socio-economic and cultural aspects as well as the introduction of trade. The discussion and analysis of the novel centre on social injustices due to land expropriation, breakdown of traditional values and customs, and economic changes brought about by the arrival of Europeans in the context of colonialism. Expanding on this, the essay also reflects on the pedagogical implications of its arguments by showing how a critical reading of Things Fall Apart might provide an opportunity for teachers to underline issues of social injustice, material, and economic forms of exploitation under colonialism and beyond. This literary analysis also discusses and reflects on the practical challenges and possibilities of teaching such issues in the ESL classroom by using the concept of critical literacy.

The goal of this thesis is to contribute to discovering a method which can lead to objectification of support base of infants in prone position at the edge of third and fourth month. The motor development during first six months is described in this thesis based on literature search. Part of the thesis is dedicated to selected primitive reflexes and postural reactions. Furthermore, the work deals with objectification of support base of infants at the edge of third and fourth month. In the study were evaluated 10 infants (5 males and 5 females) with average age 14,01 ± 2,2 weeks. Distribution of support was assessed in three situations such as prone position, prone position with maximal rotation of head to the left and prone position with maximal rotation of head to the right. The results did not show significant difference in weight bearing the left and right upper extremity in prone position. However there was a significant difference in weight bearing in the upper extremities during head rotation. The upper extremity on the side of rotation was more loaded. The weight applied to the upper and lower extremities was significantly different in every evaluated situation. Upper extremities were always weighted more. Keywords Supporting base, developmental kinesiology, postural reactions, primitive...

Peridotites occuring in orogenic massifs provide important insights into geochemical processes of the Earth's upper mantle by providing direct evidence of mantle evolution throughout Earth history. It has been previously demostrated (e.g. Medaris et al., 1990, 2005) that the uppermost tectonic unit of the Bohemian Massif - the Gföhl Nappe hosts a variety of peridotites that originated from different sources, including subcontinental lithosphere, suboceanic asthenosphere, and possible ultramafic layered intrusive complex. The Czech peridotites of the Gföhl Nappe has been divided into three groups, defined by Medaris et al. (1999), according to their chemical compositions, identity and relations of the aluminous phases, ortopyroxen compositions and estimated P-T conditions. According to Medaris et al. (2005) "Type I" peridotites - represented by Mohelno and Biskoupky bodies - equilibrated in low P-T regime (recording the highest equilibration temperatures - up to 1335 ⁰C at 29 kbar - among the Gföhl peridotites) consist of spinel peridotite with garnet appearing only at its margins. Peridotites are enclosed in granulites that have been extensively recrystallized mostly at amphibolite-facies conditions. Many studies have been done on this locality and a wide range of mineralogy and P-T histories has...