AIM: This study aimed to explore the factors influencing antiretroviral therapy patients` data quality at Princess Marina Hospital Pharmacy in Botswana. METHODS: A phenomenological approach was adopted in this study. Specifically, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis qualitative design was used to explore the factors influencing antiretroviral therapy patients` data quality at Princess Marina Hospital Pharmacy in Botswana. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview format on 18 conveniently selected pharmacy staff. Data were analysed using Smith’s (2005) Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis framework. RESULT: Five thematic categories emerged from data analysis: data capturing: an extra task, knowledge and experience of IPMS, training and education, mentoring and supervision, and data quality: impact on patients’ care. The findings of this study have implications for practice, training and research. CONCLUSION: Pharmacy staff had limited knowledge of IPMS and its utilisation in data capturing. Such limitations have implications in the context of the quality of data captured / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)

Trois traductions italiennes de La Princesse de Clèves réalisées en Italie au XXe siècle par des femmes ayant marqué, à des titres divers, la vie littéraire italienne de leur temps constituent le point de départ de notre analyse : en 1933 celle de Sibilla Aleramo, en 1988 celle de Renata Debenedetti et en 1999 celle de Rosetta Loy. L’évolution du contexte historique et socio-culturel ainsi que le statut différent de ces trois femmes permet d’étudier la variation des contraintes de production et des conditions de réception de ces traductions. Le choix de certains passages de l’ouvrage de Mme de Lafayette consent de mettre en relief les caractéristiques principales de ce texte et de comprendre les problèmes traductifs que cela pose. Ce premier roman moderne de la littérature européenne écrit par une femme et publié anonymement ne cesse en effet d’interroger et d’intriguer les femmes écrivains de nombreux siècles plus tard. Le rapport entre traduction et écriture féminine est alors interrogé. La relation entre les choix traductifs et leur personnalité d’écrivain et d’intellectuelle débouche sur l’étude de leurs ouvrages dont les caractéristiques stylistiques et thématiques récurrentes évoquent la notion de féminin dans l’écriture. / Three Italian translations of The Princess of Cleves, made in Italy in the twentieth century by women who marked in various ways the Italian literary life of their time, are the starting point of our analysis: Sibilla Aleramo’s in 1933, Renata Debenedetti’s in 1988 and then Rosetta Loy’s in 1999. The evolution of the historical and sociocultural context as well as the different status of these three women allow us to study the variation of production constraints and reception conditions of these translations. The choice of some extracts from Madame de Lafayette’s novel consents to highlight the main features of the text and understand the translation problems that this arises. This novel, the first in modern European literature written by a woman and published anonymously, continues to question and fascinate women writers many centuries later. The relationship between women's writing and translation is then questioned. Subsequently, the relationship between translation’s choices and their personality of writers and intellectuals leads to the study of their works whose recurring stylistic and thematic characteristics evoke the notion of “feminine writing”.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de realizar uma análise do cinema brasileiro contemporâneo, em específico o período que ficou conhecido como o cinema da Retomada. Procurei analisar o cinema da Retomada a partir de duas perspectivas teóricas, que levam em consideração tanto a análise interna dos filmes, quanto de uma análise dos aspectos que dizem respeito à forma como ele se organiza, buscando compreender o contexto social e político em que ele se insere, quais são as principais figuras que se destacam dentro do cenário cinematográfico que vai da segunda metade dos anos 1990 até o início dos anos 2000. Em relação ao primeiro aspecto, tomaram-se como marcos os filmes Carlota Joaquina, princesa do Brazil (1995), dirigido por Carla Camurati, e Cidade de Deus (2002), dirigido por Fernando Meirelles e codirigido por Kátia Lund. Serão esses os filmes que analiso neste trabalho, procurando identificar os grupos sociais retratados pelas películas, o sistema de relações estabelecidos entre eles, além de considerar as recepções da crítica e as trajetórias sociais de seus respectivos diretores. E em relação ao segundo aspecto, foi possível identificar no contexto da Retomada, a presença de características que definem um grupo de cineastas em torno de um sentido sociológico de geração, cujas figuras somente se inserem na área cinematográfica devido a uma conjuntura específica, decorrente das transformações institucionais e políticas do Estado brasileiro nesse fim do século XX. / The objective of the present study is to carry out an analysis of contemporary Brazilian cinema, specifically the period that became known as the Cinema of Retomada. I tried to analyze the cinema of Retomada from two theoretical perspectives, which take into account both the internal analysis of the films and an analysis of the aspects that relate to the way in which it is organized, trying to understand the social and political context, who are the main figures that stand out in the cinematographic scenario, that goes from the second half of the 1990s to the beginning of the 2000s. In relation to the first aspect, the films Carlota Joaquina, princess of Brazil (1995), directed by Carla Camurati, and City of God (2002), directed by Fernando Meirelles and co-directed by Kátia Lund. These are the films that I analyze in this work, trying to identify the social groups portrayed by the films, the system of relations established among them, besides considering the receptions of criticism and the social trajectories of their respective directors. In relation to the second aspect, it was possible to identify in the context of Retomada, the presence of characteristics that define a group of filmmakers around a sociological sense of generation, whose figures are only inserted in the cinematographic area due to a specific conjuncture, due to the transformations of the Brazilian State at the end of the twentieth century.

The history of the United States’ occupation in the Philippines requires an alternative archive that includes family stories, museums sites, and other memories to articulate the nearly inexplicable legacy of imperial trauma. My project foregrounds the intangible effects of American imperialism, traced in generational memories of Filipinos and Filipino Americans and their descendants. Addressing three key moments defining the Filipino and Filipino American experience: the Philippine-American War, World War II, and 21st century global capitalism, I look at how the under-the-surface, banal nature of imperial trauma’s legacy marks Filipino identity and creates blind spots in the Filipino imaginary. My dissertation examines sexual atrocities committed by American soldiers during the 1898-1902 Philippine-American War, revisits memories of World War II and the Japanese Occupation as represented in military museums in Fredericksburg, Texas and on Corregidor Island, Philippines, and concludes with the importance of the babaylan figure, from an ancient priestess tradition in the Philippines, for diasporic Filipinas to negotiate the contemporary challenges of everyday living. My dissertation examines the use of strategic storytelling to recover lost histories, heal from the past, and re-create the present. / text

This thesis uses a web site as its primary format. Readers are invited to visit www.birthofaregiment.com. Financed by a wealthy Montreal businessman, the original regiment was very British in its make-up. The Patricia’s were recruited and trained separate from the Canadian Expeditionary Force. For the first year of the war, they fought in a British brigade, under British officers using British weapons. By 1919, the PPCLI were distinctly Canadian. The Patricia’s became the best known Canadian regiment and one of three retained in the permanent force. This thesis examines that remarkable transition, the changes wrought by the war and the mechanisms used to reinforce the unique image of the Patricia’s. It also tests several myths embodied in the histories of the Regiment against a database of over five thousand files of soldiers who served with the Patricia’s during the First World War. / Graduate

Writing in the 1890s, in an early account of Tennyson’s poetry, the Victorian anthologist F. T. Palgrave was keen to maintain the myth of the spontaneous singer. ‘More than once’, he recorded, Tennyson’s ‘poems sprang’ from a ‘nucleus’, ‘a brief melodious phrase’ or ‘song’, which, if not transcribed immediately, ‘fled from him irrecoverably’. It has long been the case with poets of ‘lyrics’ and ‘songs’ that their skills have been depicted as improvisatory, fleeting, or inspired. Their skills have been understood, variously, as indicative either of the most dexterous of intellects, or of brilliant but uncontrolled visions, a ‘flash’ of prophetic insight or revelation – a feel of what Shelley likens to ‘the interpenetration of a diviner nature through our own’. For many poets, however, the reality is one of inspiration that gives birth to intense manuscript activity and revision. It is now well known that Tennyson revised and re-revised, even after publication, until only weeks before his death; and yet no book-length study has pursued the significance of his manuscript revisions for the development of his style. This thesis traces the poet’s stylistic evolution through his notebooks, drafts, and printed volumes. Uncovering new literary manuscripts from Harvard, Lincoln, Cambridge, and New York, the study offers a more comprehensive picture of the poet’s craft: one alert to his evolving ambitions, and to the immense shifts that he effected in the landscape of English verse. The thesis begins by excavating how the notion of poetic ‘song’ fuelled a creative process at the heart of Tennyson’s revisions. In tracing the diverging fates of ‘lyric’ and ‘song’ across his notebooks, the opening chapter restores an important discourse for Tennysonian sonority that has comparatively declined in recent years. Chapter II examines Tennyson’s aesthetic control over the Victorian lyrical canon, drawing on a new manuscript of ‘The Golden Treasury’, the most significant anthology of the nineteenth century. Chapter III studies the notebook containing Tennyson’s first collection of verse, ‘Poems, by Two Brothers’. It reveals how much of the poor punctuation that sparked vehement attacks – and which is reproduced in modern editions – was not, in fact, inserted by the poet. Chapter IV explores how Tennyson’s most famous early songs and lyrics, published in ‘Poems, Chiefly Lyrical’, developed in tandem with his blank verse style. Chapters V and VI illuminate Tennyson’s ‘ten year silence’, which witnessed profound innovations in form, the revision of his 1832 Poems into his celebrated collection of 1842, and the creation of ‘In Memoriam’. Chapters VII and VIII piece together the notebooks, proofs, drafts, and revision copies of ‘The Princess’, Tennyson’s medley of songs and voices, lyrics and blank verse. By its end, the study reveals how the ringing qualities of his works emerged through manuscript revision: in the interplay between sonorous forms and narratives that came, over decades of change, to shape the distinctive drama of Tennyson’s style.

Ce mémoire traite du débat entre le coeur et le devoir et des différentes influences qui ont conduit à la fameuse question : Pourquoi la princesse n’épouse-t-elle pas le duc de Nemours alors que tous les obstacles sont levés ? À défaut de pouvoir répondre définitivement à cette énigme dont seule Madame de La Fayette possède la clé, nous nous sommes concentrée sur les influences qui auraient pu pousser la princesse à sacrifier son coeur pour son devoir. La méthode de recherche utilisée est l’approche de la biographie intellectuelle. Il est évident que le vécu de l'auteure a teinté le contenu de son oeuvre ainsi que l'âme de son héroïne. Nous nous sommes également inspirée de la méthode sociocritique quant aux influences et mouvements de l'époque. Dans le but de simplifier la collecte des sources et l’organisation de la recherche, nous avons regroupé les influences en trois grandes catégories : les influences personnelles, internes et externes. Cette étude a mis en évidence que les moeurs, dans La Princesse de Clèves, sont le miroir de la société du XVIIe siècle. Chaque influence présentée forme le dessin d’une princesse cachant en elle le secret de son renoncement à l'amour. / This work addresses the debate between heart and duty as well as the various influences that led to the famous question : Why doesn't the princess marry the Duke of Nemours when all barriers are removed ? All things considered, we cannot conclusively answer this enigma to which only Madame de La Fayette holds the key, therefore we focused on the influences that urged the princess to sacrifice her heart to her duty. The method of research used is the intellectual biography approach. It is apparent that the life of the author tinged the contents of her work and the soul of her heroine. We were also inspired by the sociological criticism method as to the influences and movements of this particular era. In order to simplify the collection and organization of this research, we combined the influences into three main categories : personal, internal and external. This study has shown that the characteristics in La Princesse de Clèves, mirror the society of the seventeenth century. Each presented influence forms the picture of a princess hiding, within herself, the secret of her renunciation of love.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de realizar uma análise do cinema brasileiro contemporâneo, em específico o período que ficou conhecido como o cinema da Retomada. Procurei analisar o cinema da Retomada a partir de duas perspectivas teóricas, que levam em consideração tanto a análise interna dos filmes, quanto de uma análise dos aspectos que dizem respeito à forma como ele se organiza, buscando compreender o contexto social e político em que ele se insere, quais são as principais figuras que se destacam dentro do cenário cinematográfico que vai da segunda metade dos anos 1990 até o início dos anos 2000. Em relação ao primeiro aspecto, tomaram-se como marcos os filmes Carlota Joaquina, princesa do Brazil (1995), dirigido por Carla Camurati, e Cidade de Deus (2002), dirigido por Fernando Meirelles e codirigido por Kátia Lund. Serão esses os filmes que analiso neste trabalho, procurando identificar os grupos sociais retratados pelas películas, o sistema de relações estabelecidos entre eles, além de considerar as recepções da crítica e as trajetórias sociais de seus respectivos diretores. E em relação ao segundo aspecto, foi possível identificar no contexto da Retomada, a presença de características que definem um grupo de cineastas em torno de um sentido sociológico de geração, cujas figuras somente se inserem na área cinematográfica devido a uma conjuntura específica, decorrente das transformações institucionais e políticas do Estado brasileiro nesse fim do século XX. / The objective of the present study is to carry out an analysis of contemporary Brazilian cinema, specifically the period that became known as the Cinema of Retomada. I tried to analyze the cinema of Retomada from two theoretical perspectives, which take into account both the internal analysis of the films and an analysis of the aspects that relate to the way in which it is organized, trying to understand the social and political context, who are the main figures that stand out in the cinematographic scenario, that goes from the second half of the 1990s to the beginning of the 2000s. In relation to the first aspect, the films Carlota Joaquina, princess of Brazil (1995), directed by Carla Camurati, and City of God (2002), directed by Fernando Meirelles and co-directed by Kátia Lund. These are the films that I analyze in this work, trying to identify the social groups portrayed by the films, the system of relations established among them, besides considering the receptions of criticism and the social trajectories of their respective directors. In relation to the second aspect, it was possible to identify in the context of Retomada, the presence of characteristics that define a group of filmmakers around a sociological sense of generation, whose figures are only inserted in the cinematographic area due to a specific conjuncture, due to the transformations of the Brazilian State at the end of the twentieth century.

In the last few decades interest in the life and work of Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun has increased significantly, with numerous publications and a retrospective exhibition dedicated to her oeuvre. Yet, while much new and valuable information has been introduced, very little of it deals specifically with the period from 1795-1800 when she lived as an émigré in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In this thesis I analyze two Russian portraits by Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun, in relation to two earlier works she painted in Paris, the duchesse d’Orleans (1789) and Marie Antoinette, Queen of France (1783), elucidating the overt similarities to her earlier portraiture practice and exploring the cultural and political climate in which they were created. I argue that the Imperial family as well as the upper echelons of Russian society actively utilized imagery associated with the Ancien Régime to depict a perceived stability at a time when much of Europe was in flux. This political maneuver afforded Vigée-Lebrun the opportunity to live and work in a society similar to the one she left behind in Paris, Russia served thus as a surrogate for Ancien Régime France. In addition to examining the socio political climate of Russia, I consider portraiture practices in general, noting opposing trends that were developing contemporaneously elsewhere in Europe and review Vigée-Lebrun’s unusual status as an émigré. By contextualizing Princess Anna Alexandrovna Golitsyna and Empress Maria Fyodorovna I provide reasoning for her surprising level of success in Saint Petersburg while simultaneously highlighting the importance of this period in Vigée-Lebrun scholarship.

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