Derived from centuries-old English laws, Australian laws ascribe criminal responsibility to children according to their age and their assumed level of understanding of the rightness and wrongness of certain acts. This project first charts the creation and development of the English and Australian positions. Then, using insights from postmodernity and the idea of deconstruction, the law is critically assessed to reveal practical, theoretical and moral limits in the law's attempt to do justice. The justifiability of the current Australian legal positions is questioned by demonstrating the law's internal inconsistencies, by revealing the law's historical and philosophical preferences, and by contrasting the law's restricted ambit of inquiry with contemporary knowledge from other disciplines including developmental psychology and sociology.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:13:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6506.pdf: 1594372 bytes, checksum: 00ace2c340542fb54365a7bd6f5b0c90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-11 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The goal of this dissertation is to discuss the two main theoretical sources that Jürgen Habermas uses in his essay "Work and Interaction": the Hegel s philosophy of Spirit of Jena period (1804-1806) and the Marx s theory, especially the labor category. In this sense, beyond criticism resumption of primary sources, the study also presents alternative perspectives to those assumed by Habermas in his youth period, mainly in the 1960s. Therefore, a critique of young Habermas' theory becomes possible, from the central concept of the public sphere to the reasoning of cultural formation in the private sphere, this being the focal point of the essay in question. / O objetivo da presente dissertação é discutir as duas principais fontes teóricas que Jürgen Habermas utiliza em seu ensaio Trabalho e Interação : a filosofia do Espírito hegeliana do período de Iena (1804-1806) e a teoria marxiana, especialmente a categoria trabalho. Nesse sentido, além da retomada crítica das fontes primárias, o estudo também apresenta perspectivas alternativas em relação àquelas assumidas por Habermas em seu período de juventude, principalmente na década de 1960. Assim, viabiliza-se uma crítica à teoria habermasiana de juventude, desde o conceito central de esfera pública à fundamentação da formação cultural na esfera privada, esta sendo fundamentada no ensaio em questão.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeysonFSL_DISSERT.pdf: 2514420 bytes, checksum: 68fa4f57aa7f379f4a411fe98456a643 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The city, with all its complexity, is marked by the different uses that emerge and give the current composition of its forms, functions, processes and structures (SANTOS, 2008). These uses are responsible for defining the territoriality that engender public squares, especially from the projection of the practices of sociability and pleasure experienced by social groups and urban households, giving rise to the emergence of agreements and conflicts, especially when the public sphere and negotiates a private residence in the same territory. Thus, from analyzes performed in the public squares of the city of Caico / RN in the current context, did a survey of territorialities undertaken by these groups and social aggregates. These squares were seized territories while public use, but marked by the presence of private, becoming as important elements of the urban space caicoense / A cidade, com toda a sua complexidade, ? marcada pelos diferentes usos que se esbo?am e que d?o a composi??o atual de suas formas, fun??es, processos e estruturas (SANTOS, 2008). Estes usos s?o respons?veis por definir as territorialidades que se engendram nas pra?as p?blicas, sobretudo a partir da proje??o das pr?ticas de sociabilidade e de lazer vivenciadas pelos grupos e agregados sociais urbanos, dando margem ao surgimento de acordos e conflitos, especialmente, quando a esfera p?blica e a privada negocia a perman?ncia no mesmo territ?rio. Assim, a partir de an?lises realizadas nas pra?as p?blicas da cidade de Caic?/RN no contexto atual, fizemos um exame das territorialidades empreendidas por estes grupos e agregados sociais. Tais pra?as foram apreendidas enquanto territ?rios de uso p?blico, por?m marcados pela presen?a privada, configurando-se enquanto importantes elementos constituintes do espa?o urbano caicoense

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans un mouvement de redécouverte et d’inscription dans l’histoire littéraire des femmes auteurs longtemps considérées comme mineures. Son objectif est d’étudier le statut d’une écrivaine au tournant du XVIIIe et du premier XIXe siècle français à travers la carrière littéraire de Constance de Salm (1767-1845) et l’analyse de celles de ses œuvres qui traitent directement de la condition de la femme écrivain. Nous avons étudié la position de l’écrivaine sur le statut de la femme auteur à travers son traitement d’un sujet antique (Sapho, 1794), sa prise de position face à un débat d’actualité (l’Épître aux femmes, 1797) et finalement à travers le regard qu’elle porte sur sa propre carrière littéraire dans son autoportrait en vers (Mes soixante ans, 1833). Notre but est de montrer les raisons de l’oubli puis de la redécouverte d’une écrivaine chez qui un féminisme précurseur contraste avec des pratiques littéraires qui sont en apparence désuètes, même de son temps. Cette étude nous a révélé l’originalité d’une femme auteur qui voyait et revendiquait les implications politiques de ses idées et de l’acte d’écrire. Par ailleurs, pour éclairer la place qu’occupaient la réflexion et les pratiques de Constance de Salm dans les milieux intellectuels nous avons tenue compte des différents états des textes et de leurs variantes ainsi que des articles et des comptes-rendus que lui a consacrés la presse contemporaine. L’ensemble de ces documents constitue les annexes réunis dans le deuxième volume de notre travail. / This dissertation is part of the rediscovery movement of women writers within literary history, who were long considered insignificant. Its aim is to study the status of a writer in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in France through the discovery and analysis of the life and career of Constance de Salm (1767-1845) whose works deal directly with the condition of the woman writers. The writer’s position is studied in relations to the status of the woman writers through her analysis of a subject from antiquity: Sappho (1797), the stance she took on a contemporary debate in the Epistle to the Women (1797), and finally the way in which she regards her own literary career in her autobiography in verse, My Sixty Years (1833). The goal is to show the reasons for which this writer was forgotten and then rediscovered, a writer whose avant-garde feminism contrasted with her literary practices that were considered antiquated even at the time. This study has revealed the originality of a woman writer who recognized and accepted the political implications embodied in her ideas and the act of writing. Furthermore, in order to clarify the position that Constance de Salm’s thoughts and actions occupied within intellectual circles of the day, we have reviewed texts in various states and their variants as well as articles and reports that the contemporary press dedicated to her. All these documents are attached as appendices in the second volume of this work.

Diploma thesis tries to offer a new insight into migration and integration of migrant women living in Czech Republic by means of life-story telling of ten such women. By using this approach the author tries to deconstruct stereotypical understanding of migration as a threat or a security hazard for the accepting society, on the contrary she tries to picture migrant women and their life-stories as tales of people who consider Czech Republic their second home and who actively participate on its development. Citizenship is understood as a membership in society of which migrant women are also legitimate and active members. The thesis should contribute to building positive attitude towards migrant women in general and it also offers recommendations for the public as well as integration policy creators as to how migrant women can be reflected in context of migration.

[pt] A fim de compreender os motivos pelos quais ainda se registra baixa participação de mulheres no mercado de trabalho do fotojornalismo, a pesquisa aqui relatada procura estabelecer um espaço de diálogo sobre as questões que circunscrevem a cultura jornalística e as relações de gênero, em especial no que se refere às experiências profissionais das mulheres no fotojornalismo. Para fundamentar a análise, foram adotadas as teorias do jornalismo e os estudos de gênero. Tomou-se como eixo a divisão sexual do trabalho para tentar explicitar como, historicamente, as assimetrias foram construídas e como elas se estabelecem nas experiências profissionais das fotojornalistas. O problema que deu origem à pesquisa surgiu da experiência de campo da própria pesquisadora, que percebeu o fotojornalismo como fonte de relações de poder estabelecidas em torno do gênero, que, por sua vez, se relacionam também com classe, raça e sexualidade. A partir das memórias de fotojornalistas sobre suas experiências profissionais, que usam os óculos da cultura profissional pelos quais os jornalistas e as empresas jornalísticas veem o mundo, tentou-se compreender como o fotojornalismo dialoga com as questões de gênero. Concluiu-se que os graus dos óculos precisam ser atualizados, pois a cultura profissional é produtora de desigualdades e hierarquias. Há a necessidade de se usarem novas lentes que possam fazer perceber a importância de incluir as experiências das mulheres à cultura profissional jornalística de maneira equânime. Novas lentes essas que incorporem às questões de gênero, classe, raça e sexualidade colocadas em perspectiva e atravessamentos. / [en] The research aims to understand the reasons for the low participation of women in the photojournalism job market with the purpose of establishing a space for dialogue on the issues that circumscribe journalistic culture and gender relations, especially with regard to refers to the professional experiences of women in photojournalism. For that, it uses theories of journalism and gender studies as the theoretical bases for the study. It takes as its axis the sexual division of labor to try to understand how, historically, asymmetries were constructed and how they are established in the professional experiences of photojournalists. The research problem stems from the researcher s own experience in the field, where in the role of photojournalist she perceived him as the source of the power relations established around gender that are also related to class, race and sexuality. From the memories of photojournalists about their professional experiences, who in turn wear the glasses of professional culture, through which journalists and news companies see the world, she tried to understand how photojournalism dialogues with gender issues. It was concluded that the degrees of the glasses need to be updated because the professional culture produces inequalities and hierarchies. There is a need to use new lenses that can make it clear the importance of including women s experiences in their own professional journalistic culture. These new lenses that incorporate gender, class, race and sexuality issues put into perspective and crossings.

Jurisprudence / LL. D.

La pandémie de la COVID-19, dont les effets se font ressentir à partir de la fin de l’année 2019, domine toutes les dimensions de la vie dans le monde entier. La communauté internationale à travers l’OMS incite les pays à se confiner, compte tenu du nombre de cas et de morts en augmentation. Malgré la découverte des vaccins, l’isolement et le confinement se poursuivent. La COVID-19 a également d’importantes conséquences sur la vie professionnelle. Pour nombre de groupes professionnels, la crise sanitaire se traduit par une adaptation à cette nouvelle forme de travail. Le confinement entraîne la mise en place de modes de travail inhabituels comme le télétravail auquel la plupart des cadres professionnels n’était pas préparée. La structure hybride du télétravail risque de réduire les frontières entre la vie professionnelle et la vie privée et de menacer le droit à la vie privée. Il est incontestable que la COVID-19 a aussi des impacts profonds sur les manières de travailler des professionnels d’information. Notre étude vise à obtenir une meilleure compréhension des effets du télétravail en confinement sur les services et les bibliothécaires de référence des bibliothèques universitaires dans la période pandémique en Turquie. Dans cette étude quantitative, la méthode privilégiée était l’enquête par questionnaire en ligne. Selon les données que nous avons collectées par l’intermédiaire d’un questionnaire en ligne, nous avons constaté que le télétravail en confinement estompait les frontières entre la sphère professionnelle et la sphère privée des bibliothécaires de référence surtout avec enfant(s) ou en couple. Cette étude nous a également permis de déterminer les types de services de référence et les ressources, surtout numériques, pour offrir ce service. Elle nous a aidé aussi à évaluer les effets des facteurs comme le genre et l’infrastructure technologique, et à voir à quel niveau le domicile convenait pour ce type de travail. Selon nous, les résultats de cette recherche pourraient être révélateurs pour déterminer la feuille de route dans ce processus. Aussi, notre étude contribuera à combler les manques dans ce domaine et à identifier des pistes de réflexion pour les recherches futures. / The COVID-19 pandemic whose effects have been felt from the end of 2019, has dominated all aspects of public life across the globe. International community through the WHO incite countries to lock down because of the increasing number of cases and deaths. Despite the discovery of vaccines, isolation and lockdown continue. The global spread of the coronavirus has significant consequences on professional life. For many professionals, this health crisis resulted in adaptation to a new form of working. The lockdown introduced new and unusual ways of working like telecommuting for whom most of the professionals were not prepared. Hybrid structure of telecommuting could reduce boundaries between professional and personal life and threaten right to privacy. There is compelling evidence that COVID-19 has also deep impacts on the way that information professionals work. Our study aimed at understanding the effects of telecommuting on private sphere, and changes in reference services offered by university librarians during pandemic in Turkey. Our studies show the consequences of social distancing on reference services, which normally necessitate a proximity between librarian and user, and how telecommuting during the lockdown blur boundaries between professional and private sphere. In the “new normal”, private sphere is a hybrid space which includes both spheres. The method that we have adopted was online questionnaire survey to obtain a portrait of the impacts of telecommuting during the lockdown on references services and on reference librarians who are working at university libraries in Turkey. In our opinion, our study would fill the lack in this field and contribute to adopt measures especially for the future. Using data provided by an Internet-based survey questionnaire, our study aimed also aimed at grasping new definitions of work introduced by the “new normal” and at observing the effects of new professional perspectives on information sciences and especially on reference librarians in Turkey. Also, this study helped us to understand changes in factors like gender, social divide, and private life in this unprecedented period. In our opinion, the results of this study could be revealing to determine the roadmap in this process.

A critical investigation of the public/private distinction as it has been conceived in Anglo-American political thinking in the second half of the 20th century. A broadly held consensus has developed amongst many theorists that public/private does not refer to any single determinate distinction or relationship but rather to an often ambiguous range of related but analytically distinct conceptual oppositions. The argument of this thesis is that if we approach public/private in the search for analytic or conceptual clarity then this consensus is correct. Against this I propose that a number of the most dominant invocations of the distinction can be understood to express public/private as an irreducibly political dialectic that mediates the relationship between the subjective and objective side of social and political life. By locating these conceptually diverse invocations within a broader and more determinate framework of the historical development and contestation of the boundaries which establish the conditions for subjectivity, as the assertion of political agency, on the one hand, and which demarcate, police and defend these particular boundaries, as part of the objectively given character of social life and institutional organisation, on the other hand, then a more determinate character to public/private can be recognized. I then seek to explore the capacity of this model to capture and explain the peculiar post-war problematisation of public/private amongst a number of new left thinkers in Britain and America.