The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived child rear ing practices and the moral character or pro-social behavior of students in their late teens and early twenties. A questionnaire was administered to forty - eight students to test their moral character which was the dependent variable on the following traits : ambitious , broadminded , capable , cheerful , clean , courageous , forgiving , helpful , honest , imaginative , independent , intellectual , logical, loving , obedient , polite, responsible and self- controlled. The child rearing practices used by the mothers and fathers were also tested as the independent predictor variables according to the following terms : autonomy , coercion, companionship , guilt , inconsistency, love withdrawal, over protection, physical affection, positive reasoning , and support . A similar questionnaire was also sent to the parents of these students as king the mother and father to rate their student ' s moral character and also how they fee l they raised their son or daughter. The results indicate fathers influence their daughter ' s moral character as much as do mothers. However , using the above moral character variables and child rearing practices variables , fathers only slightly influence their sons and mothers have no significant influence over their sons. Parental child rearing techniques influencing the females the most are : low amounts of physical affection and autonomy from both parents, low amounts of support from the mother , and low amounts of guilt from the father . Also, high amounts of companionship and inconsistency from both parents are strong influences on moral character high ratings. Those child rearing techniques promoting high moral character in males are low amounts of over protection and high amounts of love withdrawal from fathers. It also appears the way children perceive their parents rearing them is in most cases not the way parents feel they raised their children. Also , the way children view their own character traits is not the same way the parents view it in most cases .

MENESES, Glysa de Oliveira. Socialização parental e valores humanos: uma análise de suas influências no comportamento de mentir em crianças. 2017. 134f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2017. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-24T11:34:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_gomeneses.pdf: 1912230 bytes, checksum: bc405f5e47aaa0e4a2ed12472ca42cf3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-27T14:50:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_gomeneses.pdf: 1912230 bytes, checksum: bc405f5e47aaa0e4a2ed12472ca42cf3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T14:50:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_gomeneses.pdf: 1912230 bytes, checksum: bc405f5e47aaa0e4a2ed12472ca42cf3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A presente dissertação teve por objetivo analisar em que medida os estilos de socialização parental e das prioridades valorativas dos filhos influenciam o comportamento de mentir nas crianças. Ademais, especificamente, este estudo visou observar a ocorrência dos dois principais tipos de mentira na infância (antissocial e pró-social); verificar a congruência entre os valores dos filhos e aqueles percebidos em seus pais/responsáveis; identificar a relação entre estilos parentais e os valores dos pais; analisar os estilos parentais que mais se relacionam com o comportamento de mentir; e finalmente, identificar os valores que melhor predizem o comportamento de contar mentiras antissociais e pró-sociais em crianças. Para tanto, desenvolveram-se em dois estudos independentes sobre os principais tipos de mentiras verificados na infância. O Estudo I, o qual teve por objetivo observar a ocorrência de mentiras antissociais em crianças, além de analisar em que medida os estilos de socialização parental e as prioridades valorativas dos filhos exercem influência sobre esse comportamento, empregou o Paradigma de Resistência à Tentação; especificamente, contou-se com uma amostra não probabilística de 56 crianças entre 6 e 12 anos (m=9,68; dp=1,88), a maioria do gênero feminino (58,9%), protestante (55,4%), declarando como principal responsável a mãe (71,4%). O Estudo II objetivou observar a ocorrência de mentiras pró-sociais em crianças, e analisar em que medida os estilos de socialização parental e as prioridades valorativas dos filhos exercem influência sobre esse comportamento e se utilizou o Paradigma do Presente Indesejado; contou com uma amostra, diferente daquela utilizada no Estudo I, não probabilística de 63 participantes, com idades entre 6 e 12 anos (m=9,06; dp=1,89), a maioria do gênero feminino (61,9%), protestante (42,4%), declarando como principal responsável a mãe (77,8%). Em ambos os estudos, as crianças responderam a uma versão do Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP) e a duas versões do Questionário de Valores Básicos – Infantil (QVB-I). As análises de dados foram efetuadas por meio do SPSS 20; foram realizadas estatísticas descritivas, correlações intra-diáticas e correlações ρ de Spearman, testes t de Student e análises de regressão logística. Os resultados dos dois estudos indicaram que os valores das crianças são congruentes com aqueles percebidos em seus pais; não houve diferenças significativas no tocante aos estilos parentais de pais de crianças que mentiram e não mentiram, e ainda, que os estilos parentais e valores humanos não predizem a probabilidade de contar mentiras antissociais e pró-sociais. Não obstante algumas limitações, ressalta-se que os objetivos foram alcançados e que a consecução desse estudo forneceu dados significativos acerca do estudo do comportamento de mentir em contexto brasileiro; ademais, propõem-se estudos futuros que contribuam para a ampliação de pesquisas em contexto brasileiro sobre esta temática, inclusive com o emprego de paradigmas experimentais que são comumente desenvolvidos e empregados em outros países.

Le concept d’affectivité (LAMY, HDR (2011)) est une variable indépendante dont Lamy, Guéguen& Fischer-Lokou (2008, 2009,2010) vont mesurer les effets par évocation sémantique sur le comportement pro social. Comme l’évocation sémantique du concept de liberté (Gueguen & Pascual, 2000, 2002), le concept d’affectivité facilite l’action. Amorcer sémantiquement un concept par la violence testée par Todorov et Bargh (2002), une phrase (Banaji, Hardin & Rothman, 1993), un objet (McCall et Belmont, 1996), permet de modifier les jugements voire les comportements de l’individu (Devine, 1989 ; Bargh, Chen et Burrows, 1996). Nous testons les effets de l’amorçage du concept d’affectivité par un mot sur le comportement pro-social. Six expérimentations sont conduites pour explorer cette hypothèse. Les résultats montrent que le comportement pro-social est facilité lorsque que le concept d’affectivité est amorcé visuellement par le mot « AIMER » pour obtenir un acte de don, qu’il y ait interaction ou non avec l’individu ; de même l’influence de ce concept introduit oralement dans une phrase, facilite la production du comportement attendu. Le symbole de l’affectivité exprimé par un flyer en forme de cœur, permet d’obtenir un don plus fréquemment qu’un flyer de forme rectangulaire. Enfin, le verbe « AIMER » comparé à l’expression symbolique d’un cœur rouge apposé sur un tee-shirt, permet d’obtenir plus de don. La force du concept d’affectivité amorcé par le mot « AIMER » introduit dans l’environnement de l’individu visuellement sur un tee-shirt dans une demande explicite ou implicite d’aide ou oralement introduit dans la phrase d’interaction avec l’individu, facilite le comportement attendu. La théorie des réseaux sémantiques explique ces résultats. La perspective de ce travail est de tester ce concept d’affectivité chez l’enfant, dans d’autres cultures, d’explorer le lexique mental afin d’identifier les concepts susceptibles d’influencer positivement l’action pro-sociale. / The concept of affectivity (LAMY, HDR (2011)) is an independent variable that Lamy, Guéguen &Fischer-Lokou (2008, 2009,2010) will measure the effects by semantic evocation on pro-socialbehavior. As the semantic evocation of the concept of freedom (Gueguen & Pascual, 2000, 2002),the concept of affectivity facilitates action. Semantic Beginning of a Concept by Violence Tested byTodorov and Bargh (2002), a sentence (Banaji, Hardin & Rothman, 1993), an object (McCall and Belmont, 1996) makes it possible to modify the judgments or behaviors of the individual (Devine, 1989; Bargh, Chen and Burrows, 1996). We test the effects of the initiation of the concept of affectivity by a word on pro-social behavior. Six experiments are conducted to explore this hypothesis. The results show that pro-social behavior is facilitated when the concept of affectivity is visually initiated by the word "LOVE" in order to obtain an act of giving, whether or not there is an interaction with the individual; Similarly, the influence of this concept introduced orally into a sentence facilitates the production of the expected behavior. The symbol of affectivity expressed by a flyer in the shape of a heart, makes it possible to obtain a gift more frequently than a flyer of rectangular form. Finally, the verb "AIMER" compared to the symbolic expression of a red heart affixed on a tee-shirt, makes it possible to obtain more donation. The force of the concept of affectivity initiated by the word "LOVE" introduces into the environment of the individual visually on a tee shirt in an explicit or implicit request for help or orally introduced in the phrase of interaction with the " Individual, facilitates the expected behavior. The theory of semantic networks explains these results. The perspective of this work is to test this concept of affectivity in children, in other cultures, to explore the mental lexicon in order to identify the concepts likelyto positively influence the pro-social action.

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Envy, as a result of upward social comparisons, is an unpleasant emotion that occurs when a consumer sees others as being more advantaged than him- or herself, in terms of achievements and/or possessions. Envy may drive the envious consumer to 'compete' with the envied-target through purchase of similar or better products; for that reason, envy is frequently used in advertising to motivate consumers to buy better products. While envy may be good for businesses as it may promote economic growth through the “keeping up with the Joneses” mechanism, envy tends to bring destructive behavior to consumers, especially in the long run. Departing from the view to maintain consumer welfare, we argue that envy should be reduced or perhaps, temporarily deactivated. Through a series of studies, we attempt to see if envy, as an emotion, can be transformed into an object upon which physical actions can be performed to destroy it, which thus reduces or temporarily deactivates envy. Furthermore, we want to see if any of these actions, assuming that envy is reduced or temporarily deactivated as a result, would lead consumers to adopt more pro-social behavior, as opposed to typical destructive behavior of envy. / Business Administration/Marketing

This thesis incorporates three studies that analyze how information is presented in various contexts, how these different modes of presentation affect decision makers’ perceptions and how to improve communication of information to eliminate distortions. Chapter 1 features a scenario where experts make inferences given different presentations of a regression analysis, a widely used statistical method. Chapter 2 introduces an experience-based presentation mode and tests its effectiveness on decision makers with varying statistical abilities, across multiple probabilistic tasks. Chapter 3 demonstrates the effects of presentation mode and the number of available options on the amounts and distributions of donations to NGOs and their campaigns. Overall, the findings suggest that presentation mode is an important determinant of judgments and decisions, and they can be restructured to improve the accuracy of inferences. / Esta tesis incluye tres estudios que analizan cómo la información se presenta en varios contextos, cómo estos diferentes modos de presentación influyen las percepciones de los tomadores de decisiones y cómo mejorar la comunicación de la información para eliminar distorsiones. Capítulo 1 analiza una situación donde expertos hacen inferencias utilizando diferentes presentaciones de un análisis de regresión, un método de estadística ampliamente utilizado. Capítulo 2 introduce un modo de presentación basado en experiencia y pone a prueba su eficacia a través de múltiples problemas probabilísticas. Capítulo 3 demuestra los efectos del modo de presentación y el número de opciones disponibles sobre las cantidades y la distribución de las donaciones a las ONG y sus campañas. En general, los resultados sugieren que el modo de presentación es un determinante importante de las percepciones y decisiones, y pueden ser reestructuradas para mejorar la precisión de las inferencias.

The three chapters of this thesis investigate the decision-making processes behind financial and donation behaviour of individuals. Chapter One studies the impact of prior learning and competition on the presence of the disposition effect in a venture capital setting. It reveals that prior learning leads to better venture choices and confirms competition as the most efficient form of resource allocation and management. Chapter Two addresses the empirical finding of a negative relationship between income and charitable giving as a proportion of that income. As the first study to replicate this downward relationship in an experiment, it exposes income rank information as one of the factors causing the relationship. Using a unique dataset from a natural experiment in Chapter Three, I explore the effect of increased publicity via additional visibility and information on the household donation behaviour. The results show that donations increase with public announcements and the announcement order. / Los tres capítulos de esta tesis investigar los procesos de toma de decisiones que describen la conducta financiera y la donación de los individuos. Capítulo I estudia el impacto de la formación previa y la competencia en la presencia del efecto de la disposición en un entorno de capital de riesgo. El estudio confirma que la formación previa favorece el proceso de selección y que la competencia permite la asignación más eficaz de recursos y gestión. Capítulo II investiga la presencia de una relación negativa entre los ingresos y las donaciones (representados en proporción de esos ingresos). El capitulo presenta los resultados del primer estudio que examina esta relación con un experimento y propone que entre los factores que explican esta relación es la información sobre los ingresos personales comparado con los de sus compañeros. Capítulo III utiliza una base de datos única que contiene los resultados de un experimento natural y presenta resultados empíricos sobre el efecto de una mayor publicidad a través de la visibilidad e información adicional sobre el comportamiento de la donación de los hogares. Los resultados muestran que las donaciones aumentan con los anuncios públicos y el orden de estos anuncios.

Klimat och miljö är idag ett omdiskuterat ämne inom politik och samhälle. Trots det lever och konsumerar svenskarna i dag som om det fanns resurser från fyra jordklot i stället för ett. Detta leder i sin tur till onödigt avfall som med hjälp av rätt metoder skulle kunna förebyggas. I samarbete med Motala kommun genomfördes därför detta projekt, med syfte att använda nudging som en metod för att förebygga matavfallsmängder från barnfamiljer med fokus på minskat matsvinn. Nudgesen implementerades i två olika bostadsområden tillhörande Motala kommun, där det ena området mottog pro-self-nudges och det andra området mottog pro-social-nudges och där dessa nudges sedan jämfördes med varandra. Resultatet från undersökningen visade inte någon signifikant påverkan på matavfallsmängderna, varken från pro-social-nudgesen eller pro-self-nudgesen. Slutsatsen som drogs av resultatet var därmed att denna typ av nudging inte är tillräcklig för att kunna förändra människors konsumtions- och slängbeteenden, utan det krävs att fler aktörer, såsom livsmedelsbutiker, hjälps åt för att få människor att fatta rätt beslut redan i affären, innan matsvinnet uppstår.

A solution is needed to counteract violent news, Internet, and other negative media images and management behaviors in the workplace, in order to boost engagement and prosocial behaviors at work. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the attitudes of working professionals toward prosocial behaviors and employee engagement in the workplace as affected by transpersonal Hollywood films. An organization's ability to survive is directly related to empowerment and innovation. Classic films provide a gateway for transpersonal experiences that could change behavior and thoughts. Peterson and Seligman's transformational typology involving 6 character virtues and 24 strengths was the basis for coding 8 positive films that were viewed by participants. Data collection consisted of 2 in-depth interviews, 8 written film questionnaires, and an exit interview from a criterion-based, purposeful sample of 10 adult working nonmanagerial professionals living in Los Angeles, employed in any industry except the entertainment industry. Six to 10 participants, according to researchers, are an appropriate number for saturation. The most prevalent strengths mentioned were social intelligence and perspective, followed by integrity, hope and open-mindedness. Frequent phrases that corresponded to the 6 virtue categories were wisdom/knowledge and humanity. The results revealed that positive films could be a boon for industrial/organizational issues involving recruitment, training, motivation, and prosocial behaviors. The use of positive transpersonal Hollywood films in human capital development could lead to positive social change in the workplace by reducing worker sick days and promoting a happier workforce with increased innovation and productivity.