This dissertation aims to develop decision-making tools that aid power grid operators in mitigating extreme events. Two distinct areas are focused on: a) improving grid performance after a severe disturbance, and b) enhancing grid monitoring to facilitate timely preventive actions. The first part of the dissertation presents a proactive islanding strategy to split the bulk power transmission system into smaller self-adequate islands in order to arrest the propagation of cascading failures after an event. Heuristic methods are proposed to determine in what sequence should the island boundary lines be disconnected such that there are no operation constraint violations. The idea of optimal partitioning is further extended to the distribution network. A planning problem for determining which parts of the existing distribution grid can be converted to microgrids is formulated. This partitioning formulation addresses safety limits, uncertainties in load and generation, availability of grid-forming units, and topology constraints such as maintaining network radiality. Microgrids help maintain energy supply to critical loads during grid outages, thereby improving resilience. The second part of the dissertation focuses on wide-area monitoring using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data. Strategies for data imputation and prediction exploiting the spatio-temporal correlation in PMU measurements are outlined. A deep-learning-based methodology for identifying the location of temporary power systems faults is also illustrated. As severe weather events become more frequent, and the threats from coordinated cyber intrusions increase, formulating strategies to reduce the impact of such events on the power grid becomes important; and the approaches outlined in this work can find application in this context. / Doctor of Philosophy / The modern power grid faces multiple threats, including extreme-weather events, solar storms, and potential cyber-physical attacks. Towards the larger goal of enhancing power systems resilience, this dissertation develops strategies to mitigate the impact of such extreme events. The proposed schemes broadly aim to- a) improve grid performance in the immediate aftermath of a disruptive event, and b) enhance grid monitoring to identify precursors of impending failures. To improve grid performance after a disruption, we propose a proactive islanding strategy for the bulk power grid, aimed at arresting the propagation of cascading failures. For the distribution network, a mixed-integer linear program is formulated for identifying optimal sub-networks with load and distributed generators that may be retrofitted to operate as self-adequate microgrids, if supply from the bulk power systems is lost. To address the question of enhanced monitoring, we develop model-agnostic, computationally efficient recovery algorithms for archived and streamed data from Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) with data drops and additive noise. PMUs are highly precise sensors that provide high-resolution insight into grid dynamics. We also illustrate an application where PMU data is used to identify the location of temporary line faults.

Les restructurations et les mutations de plus en plus nombreuses dans les entreprises font évoluer la trajectoire de carrière des employés vers un cheminement moins linéaire et amènent une multiplication des changements de rôle (Delobbe & Vandenberghe, 2000). Les organisations doivent de plus en plus se soucier de l’intégration de ces nouveaux employés afin de leur transmettre les éléments fondamentaux du fonctionnement et de la culture qu’elles privilégient. Par contre, la plupart des recherches sur la socialisation organisationnelle portent sur les « meilleures pratiques », et les résultats qui en découlent sont mixtes. Cette étude comparative cherche à déterminer si et sur quelles variables les nouveaux employés socialisés par leur entreprise diffèrent des nouveaux employés « non socialisés ». Premièrement, cette étude vise à comparer ces deux groupes sur 1) les résultantes proximales (la maîtrise du contenu de la socialisation organisationnelle et la clarté de rôle) et 2) les résultantes distales (l’engagement organisationnel affectif, la satisfaction au travail et l’intention de quitter) du processus de socialisation organisationnelle, ainsi que sur 3) les caractéristiques des réseaux sociaux d’information, en contrôlant pour la proactivité. Dans un second temps, cette étude a pour objectif d’explorer si le processus de socialisation organisationnelle (les relations entre les variables) diffère entre les nouveaux employés socialisés ou non. Cinquante-trois nouveaux employés (moins d’un an d’ancienneté) d’une grande entreprise québécoise ont participé à cette étude. L’entreprise a un programme de socialisation en place, mais son exécution est laissée à la discrétion de chaque département, créant deux catégories de nouveaux employés : ceux qui ont été socialisés par leur département, et ceux qui n’ont pas été socialisés (« non socialisés »). Les participants ont été sondés sur les stratégies proactives, les résultantes proximales et distales et les caractéristiques des réseaux sociaux d’information. Pour le premier objectif, les résultats indiquent que les nouveaux employés socialisés maîtrisent mieux le contenu de la socialisation organisationnelle que les nouveaux employés non socialisés. En ce qui a trait au deuxième objectif, des différences dans le processus de socialisation organisationnelle ont été trouvées. Pour les nouveaux employés « non socialisés », la recherche proactive d’informations et la recherche de rétroaction sont liées à certaines caractéristiques des réseaux sociaux, alors que le cadrage positif est lié à la satisfaction au travail et à l’intention de quitter, et que la clarté de rôle est liée uniquement à la satisfaction au travail. Les nouveaux employés socialisés, quant à eux, démontrent des liens entre la maîtrise du contenu de la socialisation organisationnelle et chacune des résultantes distales (l’engagement organisationnel affectif, la satisfaction au travail et l’intention de quitter). Globalement, l’intégration des nouveaux employés non socialisés serait plutôt influencée par leurs stratégies proactives, tandis que celle des nouveaux employés non socialisés serait facilitée par leur maîtrise du contenu de la socialisation organisationnelle. De façon générale, cette étude comparative offre un aperçu intéressant des nouveaux employés rarement trouvé dans les recherches portant sur les « meilleures pratiques » de la socialisation organisationnelle. Des recommandations pour la recherche et la pratique en suivent. / Careers today are becoming increasingly multi-organizational (Howard, 1996), as workers are becoming more mobile and less loyal to a single organization (Fang, Duffy, & Shaw, 2011). Retention is a growing problem, and organizations are more and more preoccupied with the successful socialization and integration of their newcomers. However, best practice research on the subject of newcomer socialization has come up with mixed results over the course of the last 25 years of research. This comparative study sought to explore the differences between socialized newcomers and unsocialized newcomers in terms of organizational socialization process variables. Specifically, in its first objective, this study aimed at comparing these newcomer groups in terms of (1) proximal outcomes (learning of socialization content and role clarity) and (2) distal outcomes (affective organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and intention to quit) of the organizational socialization process, as well as in terms of (3) information network characteristics (network size, status, range, strength, and density), controlling for newcomer proactive strategies. In its second objective, this study sought to explore how the organizational socialization process (relationships between variables) differed between newcomer groups. The participants were new employees in a large multi-media company (n = 53), all with a tenure of less than one year in the organization. This organization had a sanctioned socialization practice in place, but allowed department managers to socialize their newcomers at their discretion. This resulted in two newcomer groups: those who were socialized by their respective departments (“socialized” newcomer group) and those who were not (“unsocialized” newcomer group). Participants completed a questionnaire measuring proactive behaviors, mastery of socialization content, role clarity, affective organizational commitment, job satisfaction, intention to quit, and information network characteristics. The results indicated that, with regards to the first objective, socialized and unsocialized newcomers differ in terms of their mastery of socialization content, namely, learning of job/task, group, and organization knowledge was significantly greater for socialized newcomers than for unsocialized newcomers. No differences in distal socialization outcomes or network characteristics were observed. As for the second objective, the organizational socialization process was different depending on the newcomer group. Unsocialized newcomers showed a significant positive relationship between proactive information seeking and network size, as well as between feedback seeking and network status. Proactive positive framing was positively related to job satisfaction and negatively related to intention to quit, and role clarity was related to job satisfaction in unsocialized newcomers. These relationships were not found in socialized newcomers. Instead, socialized newcomers showed significant relationships between learning of socialization content and each of the distal socialization outcomes (affective organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and intention to quit). Overall, unsocialized newcomers’ adjustment seems related to their proactive strategies, while socialized newcomers’ adjustment is facilitated by a greater mastery of socialization content. This study’s unique sample offers interesting insights into the different experiences of newcomers not normally found in popular best practice research. Recommendations for research and practice are discussed accordingly.

La criminalité organisée constitue une préoccupation pour les pouvoirs publics français et haïtiens et sa répression pénale se situe au cœur des droits français et haïtien. Pour ce faire, les deux législateurs ont dû adapter leur législation pénale afin de doter l’institution judiciaire de nouveaux instruments répressifs permettant la détection et la répression des infractions de criminalité organisée. Celles-ci sont réprimées via une double approche répressive proactive et réactive. On remarque que le droit pénal de la criminalité organisée tant substantiel que formel opère un glissement du réactif vers le proactif. Il s’agit d’une logique répressive qui privilégie l’efficacité répressive sur le respect des principes fondamentaux. Le droit à un procès équitable s’y trouve alors malmené. Dans les deux droits, les personnes impliquées dans des infractions organisées sont sévèrement sanctionnées et la confiscation des avoirs criminels est utilisée à des fins préventives et répressives. Cette répression se fait dans le cadre d’une coopération policière et judiciaire efficace qui favorise l’émergence de nouveaux instruments de coopération provoquant ainsi la mutualisation et la régionalisation des normes destinées à la répression pénale de la criminalité organisée. Cette étude comparative montre qu’Haïti peut bénéficier de l’expertise judiciaire française fondée sur la spécialisation des acteurs judiciaires qui interviennent dans le procès pénal. / Organized crime is a major concern for the French and Haitian public forces and the related crime repression methods are at the core of the French and Haitian Criminal Law. In that sense, both legislators had to adapt their criminal legislation in order to provide the judicial system with new instruments of crime control to help detect and punish organized crime offenses. The latter are fought down via a double punishment approach that is proactive and reactive. We notice that the criminal law of organized crime, whether substantive or formal, slides from the reactive towards the proactive. It is a repressive logic that favours efficient repressive methods over the respect of fundamental principals. And therefore, the right of a fair trial is ill-used. In both Rights, the people involved in organized offences are severally sanctioned and the criminal assets are forfeited in order to apply preventive and repressive measures. This repression takes place within a cooperative efficient framework between the police and the judicial body and causes the emergence of new instruments of cooperation and the sharing and regionalization of the norms of criminal sanctions against organized crime. This comparative study shows that Haiti can benefit from the French judiciary expertise founded on the specialisation of the judiciary actors who participate in the criminal proceedings.

Intresset för elkvalitet har ökat då elektrisk utrustning, såsom omriktare, numera ger upphov till mer störningar. Elektrisk utrustning har också blivit mer känslig mot störningar samtidigt som industrier har blivit mindre toleranta mot produktionsstörningar. Traditionellt har felhantering i elnät skett när problemet redan uppstått och utgått från historiska data. Metrum har dock genom sin applikation PQ4Cast introducerat mönsterigenkänning för att prognosticera elkvalitetsparametrar samt aktiv effekt och i och med det bidra till ett proaktivt underhåll. Applikationen skapar en prognos för kommande vecka utifrån data för de senaste veckorna, under utveckling är även en funktion för trendanalys av bland annat effektförbrukning och spänningsnivå. Syftet med implementeringen av PQ4Cast är att få en högre tillgänglighet och minimera kostnader för underhåll och oplanerade avbrott. Ett andra syfte är att skapa ökad kontroll över variationer i effektuttag. Målet med detta examensarbete är att avgöra vilka avvikelser som är viktiga för Sandvik att ha kontroll över, ta fram metoder för att utvärdera applikationens funktionalitet samt ge underlag till hur prognoser från applikationen bör hanteras. Utöver det ska även nyttan med funktionen för trendanalys avgöras. Sandvik ser störst nytta med att få kontroll över framtida värden för aktiv effekt, reaktiv effekt samt variationer i spänningens effektivvärde. Av dessa borde variationer i aktiv samt reaktiv effekt vara mest lämpad för PQ4Cast att identifiera. För undersökning av överensstämmelse mellan prognos och verkligt utfall rekommenderas användning av korrelationskoefficient, determinationskoefficient samt signifikansnivå på fem procent. Användning av MAPE, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, rekommenderas också att användas för att kvantifiera prognosfelet. Vid god överensstämmelse rekommenderas prognoserna för aktiv effekt från PQ4Cast användas för veckoprognos till elhandelsbolaget Statkraft i kombination med temperaturprognos samt prognos över produktion kommande veckan. Trendanalysfunktionen visar ett medelfel med några procent för den aktiva effekten. Ytterligare undersökningar av funktionen rekommenderas och vid god överensstämmelse rekommenderas denna användas som grund för prognoser som ges till Statkraft samt används som grund för nytt effektavtal med Vattenfall i kombination med produktionsprognos. För analys av trend för spänningens effektivvärde är avvikelsen från prognosvärdet endast några tiondels procent och här rekommenderas fortsatta undersökningar och då specifikt vid del i nätet där installation av solcellsanläggning planeras. Applikationen PQ4Cast samt trendanalysfunktionen förväntas kunna leda till ekonomiska fördelar i form av minskade kostnader för inköp av el samt minskade elnätsavgifter och även betydande besparingar om störningar som kan leda till avbrott kan upptäckas i tid och avstyras. Kortvariga störningar, såsom spänningsdippar, är dock svåra för PQ4Cast att upptäcka i dagsläget. / Interest in power quality has increased as electrical equipment, such as inverters, nowadays emits more disturbances. Electrical equipment has also become less tolerant to disturbances, while industries have become less tolerant to disturbances in the production. Traditionally, fault diagnosis and handling have been performed when the fault has already arisen and has been based on historical data. Through its application PQ4Cast, Metrum have introduced pattern recognition to forecast power quality parameters and active power, and thereby contribute to proactive maintenance. The application creates a forecast for the coming week based on data for the last few weeks. Under development is also a function for trend analysis of, among other things, power consumption and voltage level. The objective with the implementation of PQ4Cast is to achieve higher availability and minimize costs for maintenance and unplanned interruptions. A second objective is to increase the control over variations in power consumption. The aim of this thesis is to determine which deviations are important for Sandvik, develop methods for evaluating the application’s functionality and provide a basis for how forecasts from the application should be managed. The aim is also to determine the usefulness of the trend analysis function. For Sandvik, the greatest benefit is seen in gaining control over future values for active power, reactive power and variations in the RMS value of the voltage. Of these, variations in active and reactive power should be most suitable for PQ4Cast to identify. For examination of the conformity between prognosis and actual outcome, the use of correlation coefficient, determination coefficient and significance level of five percent is recommended. Use of MAPE, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, is also recommended to quantify the forecast error. In the event of good conformity, the forecasts for active power from PQ4Cast are recommended for weekly forecasts to the electricity trading company, Statkraft, in combination with temperature forecasts and forecasts of production following week. The trend analysis function shows MAPE at a few percent for the active effect. Further investigations of the function are recommended and in case of good conformity, the prognosis is recommended as the basis for forecasts given to Statkraft and as the basis for new power agreements with Vattenfall in combination with production forecast. For analysis of the trend for the voltage's RMS value, the deviation from the forecasted value is only a few tenths of a percentage. Here further studies are recommended and then specifically at area in the grid where installation of solar power is planned. The application PQ4Cast and the trend analysis function are expected to lead to economic benefits, such as reduced costs for purchase of electricity, reduced electricity grid charges and significant savings if disturbances that may lead to interruptions can be detected and prevented. Disturbances of short duration, such as voltage dips, are however hard to detect with the current setup of the application.

in English DP: Possibilities of integration of the subjects of Health Education and Art Education at the Secondary School Autor: Bc. Magdalena Hajná This diploma thesis presents results of examining the possibility of integration of subjects of "Art education" and "Health Education" at the lower secondary level of education. The result is a project of linking the selected subjects into the education curriculum for the sixth year of elementary school. In a theoretical part, I focused on the brief history and the present of education fields of Health Education and Art Education. I outlined its basic characteristics; I summarized important starting points for their integration and I outlined the common goals and contents. I have used weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis made in a specific studied school in Prague to specify and refine focus and form of this thesis. Another source of data was a School Counseling Program called "Spolu to zvládnem" (in English: Together we succeed) which was previously run on the studied school. Goal of the program mentioned was to rebuild class team spirit after a part of children leaving class in favor of eight-year grammar schools. As a practical part of this diploma thesis project, I have collected data of knowledge and experience of the...

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-06-24T17:42:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Loth Mafaldo.pdf: 853459 bytes, checksum: 7c585776074c59d3d6850191f499a26e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-24T17:42:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Loth Mafaldo.pdf: 853459 bytes, checksum: 7c585776074c59d3d6850191f499a26e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Nenhuma / A estratégia das empresas para o alcance da vantagem competitiva é tema amplamente difundido, pois decorre da complexidade e dinamismo dos negócios globais que demandam uma busca contínua pela estratégia que viabilizará uma melhor posição competitiva. Entretanto, o estudo sobre o valor estratégico da gestão dos aspectos jurídicosjurídicos relacionados ao negócio somente passou a ter destaque na pauta de estudos internacional na primeira década do século 21. Alguns colapsos ocorridos em grandes empresas contribuíram para uma análise acerca das perdas associadas aos riscos jurídicosjurídicos bem como à regulamentação das atividades corporativas. Por exemplo, em julho de 2010 foi promulgado nos EUA o Dodd-Frank Act, em resposta à grave crise de confiança no mercado, prevendo um processo regulatório focado na transparência, responsabilização dos administradores e proteção dos consumidores. Os fatos justificam o estudo sobre (i) a valiosa capacidade do executivo que possui “astúcia jurídica” e, portanto, está apto a explorar aspectos jurídicosjurídicos nos quais a organização esta envolvida como forma de alcançar a vantagem competitiva e (ii) o uso da lei proativamente, capaz de estimular a identificação de oportunidades, a detecção de problemas em potencial, a busca por uma ação preventiva com o intuito de criar valor, fortalecer as relações e gerenciar riscos. No Brasil, a literatura sobre astúcia jurídica é inexistente, e o uso da lei como fonte de vantagem competitiva não foi alvo de pesquisa científica. Não obstante, existe um vasto arcabouço jurídico, ambiente legislativo complexo e a sujeição das empresas a inúmeras responsabilidades, penalidades e riscos jurídicosjurídicos em geral. A falta de previsão legal também tem potencial para afetar o ambiente competitivo, portanto, a busca por tendências e a antecipação dos riscos jurídicosjurídicos podem representar uma vantagem competitiva. Somado a isso, é necessário considerar que, quando as divergências ocorrem e são levadas ao poder Judiciário brasileiro, ele se mostra oneroso e desgastante. O trabalho explora a interface entre a administração e o direito com destaque para a percepção dos executivos e advogados corporativos sobre a vantagem competitiva sustentável que a Lei pode oportunizar para a estratégia de organizações brasileiras. Busca aferir se as organizações brasileiras percebem valor estratégico na gestão ativa das dimensões jurídicas do negócio. A proposta do presente trabalho visa fomentar o estudo científico no Brasil a partir do estudo de casos múltiplos e tornar públicas experiências de empresas brasileiras sobre a percepção de seus executivos e advogados acerca do valor estratégico na gestão ativa das dimensões jurídicas do negócio. Assim a abordagem no que tange às empresas brasileiras é inovadora e contribuirá para orientar sobre: a astúcia jurídica necessária aos executivos e o uso da lei como fonte de vantagem competitiva, conciliando o caráter teórico e prático da pesquisa. / The companies strategy for achieving competitive advantage is widespread issue, as has been the complexity and dynamism of global business that demands a continuous search for the strategy that will enable a better competitive position. However, the study on the strategic value of managing the legal aspects related to the business only began to be featured on the agenda of international studies in the first decade of the 21st century. Collapses occurred in some large companies contributed to a review about the losses associated with legal risks well as the regulation of corporate activities. For example, in July 2010 was promulgated in the U.S. Dodd-Frank Act in response to the serious crisis of confidence in the market, predicting a regulatory process focused on transparency, accountability of directors and protection of consumers. The facts justify the study of (i) the ability of valuable executive who has "legal astuteness" and therefore is able to explore the legal aspects which the organization is involved as a way to achieve competitive advantage and (ii) the use of Act proactively, able to stimulate the identification of opportunities, the detection of potential problems, the search for a preventive action in order to create value, strengthen relationships and manage risks. In Brazil, the literature on Legal craftiness is nonexistent, and the use of law as a source of competitive advantage was not the subject of scientific research. Nevertheless, there is a comprehensive legal framework, complex legislative environment and subjecting companies to numerous responsibilities, penalties and legal risks in general. The lack of legal provision also has the potential to affect the competitive environment, so the search for trends and anticipating legal risks may represent a competitive advantage. Added to this, it is necessary to consider that when differences occur and are brought to the Brazilian judiciary, he proves costly and exhausting. The work explores the interface between management and law with emphasis on the perceptions of executives and corporate lawyers about sustainable competitive advantage that the Law can create opportunities for the strategy of Brazilian organizations. Seeks to gauge whether Brazilian organizations realize strategic value in active management of the legal dimensions of business. The purpose of this paper aims to promote the scientific study in Brazil from the multiple case study and publicize the experiences of Brazilian companies on the perception of its executives and lawyers about the strategic value in active management of the legal dimensions of business. Thus the approach in relation to Brazilian companies is innovative and will help to guide about: the Legal craftiness required to executives and the use of law as a source of competitive advantage, combining theoretical and practical nature of the research.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-13T17:33:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Bruno Armino_.pdf: 1677240 bytes, checksum: 278b4e6ed4b8adf54258b557940f77df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T17:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Bruno Armino_.pdf: 1677240 bytes, checksum: 278b4e6ed4b8adf54258b557940f77df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Em desenvolvimento de software colaborativo, desenvolvedores compartilham código fonte e modificam partes deste código em paralelo, visando aumentar a produtividade. Para isso, times de desenvolvimento, tipicamente globalmente distribuídos, fazem uso de sistemas de controle de versão (SCV), os quais são responsáveis por versionar o código fonte e reconciliar as alterações conflitantes realizadas pelos desenvolvedores em paralelo. Em geral, cada desenvolvedor possui uma cópia local dos arquivos do código fonte do repositório, podendo realizar qualquer tipo modificação e tendo que posteriormente integrar a sua versão local do código fonte com as alteradas pelos outros membros do time de desenvolvimento. O problema é que usualmente os sistemas de controle de versão (por exemplo, GIT e SVN) não dão suporte a detecção antecipada dos conflitos, nem auxiliam os desenvolvedores na resolução dos mesmos. Na prática, um conflito trata-se de alterações divergentes realizadas em um mesmo trecho de código em paralelo por diferentes desenvolvedores. Consequentemente, detectar e resolver conflitos passam a ser duas atividades altamente propensa a erros e que exige bastante esforço do desenvolvedor. Para explorar esta problemática, este trabalho propõe o PACCS, uma ferramenta capaz de: (1) detectar proativamente conflitos; (2) analisar a propagação de conflitos; (3) identificar conflitos sintáticos e semânticos; (4) resolver automaticamente conflitos detectados; (5) apoiar os desenvolvedores na resolução colaborativa dos conflitos; e (6) checar as integrações realizadas e submetidas ao repositório de acordo um conjunto de regras. A ferramenta desenvolvida abordará os requisitos citados anteriormente e possui duas partes: o lado cliente (plugin para o eclipse) e o lado server (gerenciador de alterações entre workspaces). Após a construção da ferramenta será efetuado um comparativo entre desenvolvedores que utilizam a ferramenta versus os que não utilizaram, objetivando aferir as vantagens ou desvantagens da ferramenta. Os resultados demonstraram que (1) ao contrário do que a literatura prega, VCS centralizados tendem produzir um código fonte mais próximo do desejado e (2) a abordagem colaborativa pode ser mais eficiente e necessitar de menos esforço na resolução de conflitos. / In collaborative software development, developers share source code and modify parts of code in parallel, to increase productivity. For this, development teams typically distributed globally, make use of version control systems (VCS), which are responsible for versioning the source code and reconcile conflicting changes made by developers in parallel. Generally, each developer has a local copy of the source code files from the repository, and can perform any modification and having to later join their local version of the source code with the changed by the other members of the development team. The problem is that usually the version control systems (eg, GIT and SVN) do not support early detection of conflicts, or assist developers in solving them. In practice, a conflict it is divergent changes made in one piece of code in parallel by different developers. Consequently, detect and resolve conflicts become two highly prone to errors and activities that require a lot of effort from the developer. To explore this issue, this paper proposes the PACCS, a tool capable of: (1) detect proactively conflicts; (2) to analyze the spread of conflicts; (3) identify syntactic and semantic conflicts; (4) detected automatically resolve conflicts; (5) support developers in collaborative conflict resolution; and (6) check the integrations carried out and submitted to the agreement of a set of rules repository. The developed tool will address the above requirements and has two parts: the client side (plugin for Eclipse) and the server side (change manager between Workspaces). After the construction of the tool will be made a comparison between developers using the tool versus those who did not use, in order to assess the advantages or disadvantages of the tool. The results showed that (1) contrary to the literature preaches, centralized VCS tend to produce a code nearest source of the desired and (2) a collaborative approach can be more efficient and require less effort in resolving conflicts.

In the light of present problems with stress related illness in organizations, often affecting women working in health care, the purpose of the current study was to examine proactive and malleable factors that could influence nurse’s perception of work stressors. Based on a model, self-efficacy and grouped organizational factors were examined as antecedents to the outcome of anxiety and stress via cognitive appraisals. The mediating role of the cognitive appraisals was further examined. The sample consists of 117 nurses and assistant nurses of which 112 were females working at a hospital in southern Sweden. The analyses were conducted with simple and multiple regressions. The result revealed that self-efficacy and the organizational factor together serve as antecedents to cognitive appraisals of stress, however, contrary to previous research, not to all appraisals. The mediating role of the cognitive appraisals showed that the harm appraisal mediate the relation between the organizational factor and the outcome of both anxiety and stress. The threat appraisal is found to partly mediate the relation between the organizational factor and the anxiety outcome as well as the stress outcome. The result further showed a none mediation role for the challenge appraisal between any of the antecedents and the outcomes, which suggest that the challenge appraisal do not serve as an underlying mechanism in either relationship. Other relations in the model are further shown and discussed in the study together with limitations, implications and suggestions of future research.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina Victalino de Oliveira.pdf: 1536656 bytes, checksum: 8b97c858416d65edab8570a77cbc251d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-09 / The judicial activism by means of a proactive action of the judges is considered to be necessary for the implementation of the constitutional provision of the reasonable duration of the process. The reasonable duration of the process incorporated in the Brazilian legislation since 1992 with the promulgation of the Pact of San Jose in Costa Rica reached a status of fundamental right with the Constitutional Amendment No. 45 as of 2004 (article 5, LXXVIII of the Federal Constitution). Thus, since the 1990s, the legislative changes have become frequent, especially in the Civil Procedure Code, aiming to ensure the claimants the complete, concrete and satisfactory implementation of law within a reasonable period. In addition to the judicial assistance within a reasonable time, the judicial protection must be effective and not limited to the statement of the law. It is in this context that it is proposed that the judge act in a proactive way in conducting the proceeding, acting as a manager. In this sense, both the constitutional principles and the procedure principles that guide the activity of the judge and the proceeding must be interpreted from the standpoint of the effectiveness of the duration of the proceeding within a reasonable period. Therefore, this research aims to study the action of the judge towards the implementation of the constitutional provision of the reasonable duration of the process, analyzing not only the aspects related to the topic but also indicating certain actions that are expected from the judges in order to observe the constitutional purpose in question. However, this is not a final word on the subject, but just certain ideas to achieve a process with a reasonable duration / ativismo judicial, por meio da atuação proativa dos magistrados, apresenta-se necessário para a concretização da cláusula constitucional da duração razoável do processo. A duração razoável do processo incorporada no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro desde 1992 com a promulgação do Pacto San José da Costa Rica alcançou status de direito fundamental com a Emenda Constitucional nº45 de 2004 (art.5º LXXVIII da Constituição Federal). Assim, desde a década de 1990, são frequentes as alterações legislativas, especialmente no Código de Processo Civil, com o objetivo de assegurar ao jurisdicionado a realização completa, concreta e satisfatória do direito, em prazo razoável. Além da prestação jurisdicional em um prazo razoável, a tutela jurisdicional deve ser efetiva, não podendo se limitar apenas à declaração do direito. É neste contexto que se propõe que o julgador atue de forma proativa na condução do processo, agindo como um gestor. Nesse sentido, tanto os princípios constitucionais quanto os princípios processuais que norteiam a atividade do juiz e o processo precisam ser interpretados sob o aspecto da efetividade do processo em prazo razoável. Desse modo, esta pesquisa objetiva estudar a atuação do juiz em prol da concretização da cláusula constitucional da duração razoável do processo, analisando não apenas os institutos relacionados ao tema, mas também, indicando algumas ações esperadas dos magistrados para que a finalidade constitucional em questão seja respeitada. Não se trata, porém, de uma palavra final sobre o tema, mas apenas de algumas ideias para se alcançar um processo com duração razoável de tramitação

Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom (IPS) / The construction industry plays a crucial role in the South African economy. In this high-risk industry, a lack of engagement by employees can have serious and costly health and safety consequences. Because construction companies work under conditions of tight deadlines and stringent requirements, executives and managers are often unable to reduce the demands on their employees. Hence, if employees are to increase their own levels of work engagement (and so improve health, promote safety, and guard against burnout), they need to exert personal agency by recrafting their own jobs. The term job crafting refers to proactive employee behaviours that seek to optimise the work environment, frequently by addressing the balance between job demands and job resource. Previous literature suggests that employees who use job crafting behaviours show higher work engagement, lower disengagement, more positive emotions, and better adaptive performance.