La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal, analizar los factores: calidad, promoción y características de la empresa que influyen en la exportación del Maíz Blanco Gigante del Cusco durante el período 2014-2018. En este sentido, los aspectos metodológicos tomados en cuenta para el desarrollo del presente estudio fueron de tipo mixto, de nivel relacional, además de un diseño no experimental con un tipo de corte transversal. La principal herramienta utilizada fue una encuesta a las 12 empresas exportadoras que se encontraban exportando Maíz Blanco Gigante del Cusco en el período 2014-2018 y por otra parte se realizó 8 entrevistas semi estructuradas a los expertos en el sector de exportación. Finalmente, los autores concluyeron que existe relación de 76.4% entre los factores promoción, características de la empresa y calidad del producto y exportación del Maíz Blanco Gigante del Cusco en los años 2014-2018. / The main objective of this research was to analyze the factors: quality, promotion and characteristics of the company that influence the export of “Maíz Blanco Gigante del Cusco” during the period 2014-2018. In this sense, the methodological aspects taken into account for the development of this study were of a mixed type, of a relational level, in addition to a non-experimental design with a type of cross-section. The main tool used was a survey of the 12 exporting companies that were exporting “Maíz Blanco Gigante del Cusco” in the period 2014-2018 and on the other hand, 8 semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in the export sector. Finally, the authors concluded that there is a relationship of 76.4% between promotion factors, company characteristics and product quality and exportation of “Maíz Blanco Gigante del Cusco” in the years 2014-2018. / Tesis

Software security for agile methods, particularly for those designed for individual developers, is still a major concern. With most software products deployed over the Internet, security as a key component of software quality has become a major problem. In addressing this problem, this research proposes a solo software development methodology (SSDM) that uses as minimum resources as possible, at the same time conforming to the best practice for delivering secure and high-quality software products. Agile methods have excelled on delivering timely and quality software. At the same time research also shows that most agile methods do not address the problem of security in the developed software. A metasynthesis of SSDMs conducted in this thesis confirmed the lack practices that promote security in the developed software product. On the other hand, some researchers have demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating existing lightweight security practices into agile methods. This research uses Design Science Research (DSR) to build, demonstrate and evaluate a lightweight SSDM. Using an algorithm adapted for the purpose, the research systematically integrates lightweight security and quality practices to produce an agile secure-solo software development methodology (Secure-SSDM). A multiple-case study in an academic and industry setting is conducted to demonstrate and evaluate the utility of the methodology. This demonstration and evaluation thereof, indicates the applicability of the methodology in building high-quality and secure software products. Theoretical evaluation of the agility of the Secure-SSDM using the four-dimensional analytical tool (4-DAT) shows satisfactory compliance of the methodology with agile principles. The main contributions in this thesis are: the Secure-SSDM, which entails description of the concepts, modelling languages, stages, tasks, tools and techniques; generation of a quality theory on practices that promote quality in a solo software development environment; adaptation of Keramati and Mirian-Hosseinabadi’s algorithm for the purposes of integrating quality and security practices. This research would be of value to researchers as it introduces the security component of software quality into a solo software development environment, probing more research in the area. To software developers the research has provided a lightweight methodology that builds quality and security into the product using minimum resources. / School of Computing / D. Phil. (Computer Science)

Cement production is responsible for around 7% of the global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. More than half of these emissions are due to the unavoidable release of carbon dioxide upon thermal decomposition of the main raw material limestone. Many different options for carbon capture are currently being investigated to lower emissions, and one potential route to facilitate carbon capture could be the implementation of an electrified separate calcination step. However, potential effects on the phase composition of cement clinker need to be investigated, which is the aim of the present study. Phases of special interest are alite, belite, aluminate, ferrite, calcite, and lime.  The phase composition during clinker formation was examined through HT-XRD lab-scale experiments, allowing the phase transformations to be observed in situ. Two different methods of separate calcination were investigated, one method in which the raw meal was calcined separately, and one method where the limestone was calcined separately. The former yielded an alite amount similar to that of the reference experiments, whereas the latter method yielded a lower amount. It could, unfortunately, not be excluded that the difference was due to poor experimental conditions, and additional experiments are needed to investigate the matter further. The study does, however, indicate that a calcined raw meal might be used to produce a clinker of similar phase composition concerning major phases belite, aluminate, ferrite, alite, and free lime. A raw meal containing calcined limestone might, however, need longer residence time at clinkering temperature too obtain similar phase composition. In addition, a raw meal containing calcined limestone was observed to be carbonated to a greater extent upon reheating than a calcined raw meal. Further experiments are needed to fully understand the effects on clinker composition of an electrified separate calcination step, and several improvements to the experimental method are given in the study.

No description available.

At present, there is no sliding window latch designed and developed for the marine market. Onmar is a company that develops and produces quality products for premium boats. They were asked to supply a latch that is exclusive and is of quality. This request became the basis for the thesis. The aim of the project was to gain an understanding of the concepts of exclusivity and quality to implement them in the design of a latch for premium boats. To ensure that the aim is achieved during the work, two research questions were formulated to be answered through the implementation of the project, which are as follows: Research question 1: How are exclusivity and quality defined and how can these definitions influence the design of an exclusive and quality product for the marine market? Research question 2: What value will a specially designed and developed latch for premium boats add compared to existing latch? The project combined two product development processes. These included concept generation, concept development and prototype creation and further development. Data collection was carried out using both literature and empirical data. The triangulation method was used to increase the reliability of the project. The results show that the investigated concepts are difficult todefine and no previous research regarding the concepts in productdevelopment has been done. The findings show that what indicates product quality and exclusivity within the marine market, is subjective and therefore difficult to define. No previous research on the meanings of these terms within product development were found. Nevertheless, definitions of exclusivity and quality have been defined and were applied as guidelines during the development of the latch for the marine market. A survey carried out to evaluate the final product concept of a latch for the marine market, suggests that the final concept gives a visual impression of exclusivity and quality. Whether a product is perceived as exclusive and whether it gives the impression of quality may depend on more factors than just design. The choice of materials and physical feedback during use are two other factors that can influence a user's impression of exclusivity and quality. The latch developed in this project can be used as a basis for further product development within the exclusive marine market. / I dagsläget finns det inget snäpplås till skjutbara fönster som är utformad och utvecklad för den marina marknaden. Onmar är ett företag som utvecklar och producerar kvalitativa produkter för premiumbåtar. Onmar fick förfrågan om att producera ett exklusivt snäpplås av hög kvalitet. Denna förfrågan blev grunden för detta examensarbete. Syftet med projektet var att presentera ett produktkoncept av ett exklusivt snäpplås för premiumbåtar av hög kvalitet. För att säkerställa att projektets syfte kunde uppnås, skapades två forskningsfrågor som stöd: Forskningsfråga 1: Hur kan exklusivitet och kvalitet definieras inom området utformning av snäpplås för den marina marknaden? Forskningsfråga 2: Hur kan ett exklusivt snäpplås för premiumbåtar tillföra värde till den marina marknaden, jämförtmed befintliga snäpplås? Produktutvecklingsprocessen som tillämpats baserades på enkombination av processerna från Ulrich & Eppinger (2014), samtUllman (2012). Processen inleddes med konceptgenerering och resulterade i ett slutgiltigt konceptval. Datainsamling har genomförts både efter litteratur och empirisk data. För att främja studiens reliabilitet användes metoden triangulering. Resultatet visar att de undersökta begreppen, kvalitet och exklusivitet inom den marina marknaden, är subjektiva och därmed svårdefinierade. Ingen tidigare forskningsresultat om begreppens betydelser inom produktutveckling påträffades. Begreppen har hursomhelst definierats och använts under utvecklingen av snäpplåset för den marina marknaden. En genomförd enkätundersökning om det slutgiltiga konceptet av ett snäpplås för den marina marknaden tyder på att slutkonceptet inger ett visuellt intryck av exklusivitet och kvalitet. Huruvida en produkt upplevs som exklusiv och om den ger intryck av kvalitet kan bero på flera faktorer än bara utformning. Materialval och fysisk feedback vid användning är ytterligare två faktorer som kan påverka en användares intryck av exklusivitet och kvalitet. Snäpplåset som utvecklades i projektet kan användas som underlag för vidare produktutvecklingsarbete inom den exklusivamarina marknaden.

Statistical quality control is the application of statistical methods to problems for which it is of interest to evaluate, establish, or verify the quality of a product. The two basic areas of statistical quality control that have received both the greatest attention in the literature and the widest acceptance in industry are acceptance sampling and statistical process control. In the majority of such techniques, a single characteristic of an item is used to describe its quality. In such cases, one of two basic types of product quality measures is typically used: attributes product quality measures and variables product quality measures. Variables product quality measures evaluate an item’s quality by measuring its quality characteristic on a continuous scale. Attributes product quality measures assign a 0 to an item if its characteristic is conforming to some specification, and 1 if its characteristic is nonconforming. Although attributes and variables product quality measures have many appropriate applications, there are many situations m which product quality is best described by classifying a single characteristic of the item using three or more discrete levels. A multilevel discrete product quality measure is a function that assigns a numerical value to such an item corresponding to the level in which it is classified. Several acceptance sampling plans and control charts that incorporate the use of multilevel discrete product quality measures are defined here. In addition to the multilevel discrete product quality measure, each of the defined methods utilizes a quality value function. A quality value function assigns a numerical value to an item based on the classification it receives from the multilevel discrete product quality measure. Each of the defined multilevel acceptance sampling plans and multilevel control charts is evaluated with respect to its probabilistic behavior. In addition, the problem of parameter selection and quality value function specification is addressed for each of the defined techniques. The cases considered are the 3-level case, the 4-level case, and the general j-level case. / Ph. D.

Kina har genom olika   statliga initiativ startat ett kvalitetsrace med ambitionen är att ta   kinesisk produktkvalitet till helt nya nivåer till år 2025. Lyckas man kommer   svenska bolag som handlar/ konkurrerar med kinesiska bolag, eller bedriver   verksamhet inom Kina, sannolikt att påverkas. Frågan är hur? Syftet med denna   studie har varit att känna svenska bolag på pulsen; hur upplever de den   kinesiska kvalitetsutvecklingen och hur tror de att deras bolag kommer att   påverkas? Ett underliggande syfte har varit att undersöka hur de kulturella   aspekterna inverkar på den kinesiska kvalitetsutveckling. För att svara på   detta genomfördes en kvantitativ enkät riktad till svenska kvalitetschefer   samt en kvalitativ fallstudie riktad till svenska bolag med närvaro i Kina. Resultatet visar att   nivån på kinesisk produktkvalitet förväntas stiga inom många branscher samt   att konkurrens och handelsutbytet kommer att påverkas genom att kinesiska   marknadsandelar ökar på den globala marknaden. Inom vissa områden är kinesisk   produktkvalitet redan idag likvärdig med västerländsk men den är inte stabil   utan kräver kontroller från mottagarledet, tillika kunden. En trolig   bidragande orsak till den ojämna kvaliteten finner vi i den kinesiska   makrokulturen där man av tradition sätter stolthet i att utför   arbetsuppgifter enligt order och inte ifrågasätter överordnade. Detta får en   negativ effekt på kvalitetskulturen, vilket i sin tur riskerar att försvåra   kvalitetsutvecklingen och är en utmaning för Kina att hantera. Utmaningen   till trots så visar denna studie att det är möjligt att den kinesiska statens   initiativ kan lyckas, åtminstone till stora delar och såväl svenska företag   som den globala marknaden bör hålla ett vakande öga på utvecklingen. / China has through various government initiatives started a quality   race with the ambition to take Chinese product quality to higher levels until   2025. If they succeed, Swedish companies that trade/ compete with Chinese   companies, or conduct business within China, are likely to be affected. The   question is how? The purpose of this study has been to check the pulse of   Swedish companies; how do they perceive the Chinese quality development and   how do they think their company will be affected? An underlying purpose has   been to investigate how cultural aspects affect the Chinese quality   development. To answer this, a quantitative survey was conducted aimed at   Swedish quality managers and a qualitative case study aimed at Swedish   companies with a presence in China. The result shows that the level of   Chinese product quality is expected to rise in many industries, and that   competition and trade exchange will be affected by increasing Chinese market   shares in the global market. In some areas, Chinese product quality is   already equivalent to Western, but it is not stable but requires controls   from the recipient, namely the customer. A likely contributing factor to the   uneven quality is found in the Chinese macro culture where traditionally one   prides itself on performing tasks according to orders and not questioning   superiors. This has a negative effect on the quality culture, which in turn   risks making quality development more difficult and is a challenge for China   to handle. Despite this challenge, this study shows that it is possible that the   Chinese state's initiative may succeed, at least in large part, and both   Swedish companies and the global market should keep a watchful eye on   developments. / <p>2019-06-27</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2549.pdf: 1057736 bytes, checksum: bf104a9547b6525d934ddc0ae55c2387 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-02 / The exchange of knowledge and optimization of resources optimism are increasingly needed necessaries for companies´ Product Delevopment Process (PDP). The Product Quality Advanced Planning (APQP) is a structured method, contained in Norm ISO/TS 16:949:2002, which aims to define and execute the actions required for a PDP in order to ensure that the product satisfies the customer. It´s greatest contribution is to facilitate communication among all people and activities. Although the APQP has been used primarily by the automotive industry, the possibility to apply this method for the white goods industry is considered, mainly due to this industry has been precursor of many methods, such as lean production. Furthermore, the search for a developing standardized products method could facilitate the work of automotive and white goods suppliers. The lean production has also contributed to the optimization of resources and administrative proceedings in these industries. Thus, this standardized method could include the use of some lean production tools. The aim of this work is to characterize the use of APQP in white goods and automotive industries suppliers and more specifically, to evaluate the possible failures in these suppliers product development process, and to discuss the importance of tools in each step of APQP and the application of these to white goods industry. The hypotheses were made concerning the possible simplification of this standard method, the integration of areas, the knowledge obtained in the implementation of APQP and facilities of lean production and six sigma for the implementation of APQP. The chosen method for this work was the description of five case studies made in companies of the electro electronic and chemical fields, which are suppliers of both industries cited. In these companies a representative of the automotive and one of white goods industry were interviewed. The research finds that it´s possible to use the APQP method in the white goods as well as it shows white goods companies which have already requested it to suppliers. It also describes the PDPs of each company, highlights the major failures in the methods used and describes an overview of the automotive and white goods industries PDPs. A proposal to APQP application with some lean production tools is presented in the final chapters. / A troca de conhecimento e a otimização dos recursos são cada vez mais necessárias para o Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP) em empresas. O Planejamento Avançado da Qualidade do Produto (APQP) é um método estruturado, contido na Norma ISO/TS 16:949:2002, que busca definir e executar as ações necessárias para um PDP, a fim de assegurar que um produto satisfaça o cliente. Sua maior contribuição se dá no sentido de facilitar a comunicação entre todas as pessoas e atividades. Apesar de o APQP ter sido utilizado primeiramente pela indústria automotiva, considera-se a possibilidade de utilização deste para a indústria de linha branca, devido principalmente à primeira indústria ter sido precursora de diversas ferramentas, como a produção enxuta. Além disto, a busca por um método de desenvolvimento de produtos padronizados poderia facilitar o trabalho em fornecedores das indústrias automotiva e de linha branca. A produção enxuta também tem contribuído para a otimização dos recursos de processo e administrativos nestas indústrias. Assim, este método padronizado poderia contemplar a utilização de algumas ferramentas da produção enxuta. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar a utilização do APQP em fornecedores dos setores de linha branca e automotivo e mais especificamente, avaliar as possíveis falhas no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos destes fornecedores, além de discutir a importância das ferramentas disponíveis em cada etapa do APQP e a aplicação destas para a linha branca. As hipóteses construídas são relacionadas com a possível simplificação deste método padrão, a integração das áreas, o conhecimento adquirido na aplicação do APQP e a facilidade das ferramentas da produção enxuta e seis sigma para a implantação do APQP. O método escolhido para a realização deste trabalho foi a relização de cinco estudos de casos feitos em empresas do setor eletroeletrônico e químico, que fornecem para ambas as indústrias citadas. Nestas empresas, foram entrevistados um representante do setor automotivo e um da linha branca. A pesquisa conclui ser possível a utilização do método APQP para a linha branca, inclusive relata montadoras da linha branca que já o solicitam aos fornecedores. Também descreve os PDPs de cada empresa, enfatiza as principais falhas nos métodos utilizados e descreve uma visão geral do PDP do setor automotivo e do setor de linha branca. Uma proposta de utilização do APQP com algumas ferramentas da produção enxuta é apresentada nos capítulos finais.

Le procédé de broyage en voie humide est une opération intéressante permettant la production de particules fines ou de nanoparticules. La caractérisation de la taille des particules est une donnée essentielle pour l'interprétation des données, le contrôle et l'optimisation de ces procédés selon divers aspects. Il y a un manque de connaissances relatif à la caractérisation de la taille de particules en relation avec les procédés de broyage en voie humide. Cette caractérisation est spécifique pour différentes raisons. (i) Les dispersions traitées par broyage contiennent souvent des impuretés et (ou) des additifs. Nous savons assez peu comment les impuretés et les additifs influencent la taille des particules en suspension dans ces procédés. (ii) Lors de procédés de broyage en voie humide, des dispersions de différentes concentrations peuvent être utilisées. Il est important de savoir comment la concentration de la dispersion peut influencer la mesure de la taille des particules lors du procédé. (iii) La modification de la taille moyenne des particules, résultant de leur fragmentation, est rapide. (iv) Le degré de polydispersité dans le produit change au cours du temps. (v) La nature des interactions entre les particules change; avant broyage les particules sont non-colloïdales, elles le deviennent après un certain temps d'opération. De même, il y a un manque de connaissances permettant de comprendre comment la qualité du produit broyé final est affectée lors du broyage. Dans cette étude nous explorons plusieurs aspects de la caractérisation de taille et de la qualité du produit au cours d'un procédé de broyage en voie humide du CaCO3, réalisé à l'aide d'un broyeur à billes agité. La spectroscopie acoustique qui est une technique connue pour ses potentialités en matière de caractérisation de taille de dispersions en ligne, sous des conditions réelles de procédés et sans nécessiter une dilution des échantillons, a été utilisée dans cette étude en complément de la diffusion dynamique de la lumière. Ce travail a montré sous quelles conditions les effets des impuretés et des additifs etc. sur la taille des particules en suspension pouvaient être déterminés par spectroscopie acoustique. De plus, nous avons comparé et analysé les résultats des mesures de taille obtenus avec les deux techniques. Les différences observées ont été analysées. Nous avons montré que la diffusion multiple observée à forte concentration en solide lors des procédés de broyage en voie humide pouvait conduire à une mauvaise interprétation des résultats relatifs à la taille des particules. En outre, la qualité est un concept relatif. Dans ce travail, nous avons adopté une démarche pour mesurer les effets de différents paramètres sur les caractéristiques du produit broyé en se basant sur une définition de la qualité telle que dans la norme ISO 9000 :2005. La démarche a permis de prendre en compte différents paramètres opératoires importants (tels que les conditions de fonctionnement du broyeur, la mesure de la taille des particules et les propriétés du matériau), ainsi que différentes propriétés caractéristiques du produit (comme la taille moyenne des particules, la largeur de la distribution de taille, la stabilité de la dispersion, le taux d'impuretés, l'énergie spécifique apportée au système et l'apparence visuelle du produit). Nous avons montré que nous pouvions établir une relation entre les paramètres opératoires et différentes qualités de produits obtenus par un procédé de broyage en voie humide. / Wet grinding process is an interesting means of producing fine and nano particles. The particle sizing plays an important role in interpretation, control and optimization of various aspects of the wet grinding process. There is a lack of knowledge in understanding different aspects of particle sizing during a wet grinding process. The particle sizing in a wet grinding process is typical in the sense: (i) The dispersions in a wet grinding process, often, involve additives and (or) impurities. It is less known how impurities and additives influence the particle size of the dispersions in the wet grinding process. (ii) In a wet grinding process, dispersions of different concentrations may be used. It is less known how dispersions of different concentration may influence the particle sizing in a wet grinding process. (iii) In a wet grinding process, the change in average particle size of the product is rapid due to relatively fast breakage of the particles. (iv) The degree of poly dispersity in product changes with grinding time. (v) The nature of interaction between particles is non-colloidal before grinding process; this interaction becomes colloidal after a certain grinding time. Similarly, there is a lack of knowledge to understand how quality of final ground product is influenced in a wet grinding process. This study investigates the different aspects of particle sizing and product quality of aqueous dispersions of CaCO3 in a wet grinding process carried out in a stirred media mill. Acoustic attenuation spectroscopy that is known for measuring particle size of dispersions on line, under real process conditions and without diluting the sample has been employed in the study in addition to the technique of dynamic light scattering. The study brings out the conditions in which the effects of impurities and additives etc. on particle size of the dispersions may be determined using acoustic attenuation spectroscopy. Furthermore, the study compares and analyze the particle sizing results obtained though acoustic attenuation spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The causes of differences in the results of two techniques have been investigated. We report presence of multiple scattering at high concentration of the dispersions during wet grinding process that result in misleading results of the particles sizes. Quality is an intangible concept. In order to understand how different operating parameters influence product quality, we propose a method based upon the definition of quality as defined in ISO 9000:2005. The method takes into consideration the important operating parameters of wet grinding process (such as the operating condition of the mill, the measurement of particle size and the material) and important product characteristics ( such as average particle size, range of width of particle size distribution, stability of dispersion, degree of impurities, specific energy input and physical appearance). We bring out how a relationship between operating parameters and products of different grades may be established in a wet grinding process.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar cómo se relacionan tres herramientas competitivas: La estrategia de lugar, el producto de alta calidad y la marca de producto, con el desempeño exportador del sector de joyería de plata en el Perú. Este estudio se elaboró con base en el método científico, utilizando un diseño cualitativo descriptivo de tipo teoría fundamentada. La búsqueda de antecedentes epistemológicos proviene de fuentes confiables e indexadas. La base teórica está desarrollada a partir de dos teorías: ventaja competitiva y las teorías novísimas de comercio internacional (modelo integrado de empresas heterogéneas). La realidad problemática expone los fundamentos para el planteamiento del problema. La población: 75 empresas exportadoras (2015-2019) y 6,670 artesanos. Se aplicaron cuestionarios de carácter descriptivo a 7 artesanos y 10 entrevistas en profundidad a los actores clave del sector, las mismas que fueron procesadas a través del software Atlas.ti®. La discusión de resultados se desarrolla a través de la relación entre los antecedentes, el análisis de producto y los resultados de entrevistas. Los resultados demuestran que, a mayor desarrollo de las herramientas competitivas, mayor participación en exportaciones de joyería de plata; esto aplica tanto entre los países como entre las empresas. El Perú tiene diversas dificultades para el desarrollo de las herramientas competitivas. Esta investigación pretende contribuir al interés y desarrollo de futuras investigaciones donde se desarrollen otras herramientas competitivas relevantes; además de compartir la información con todos aquellos interesados en plantear o ejecutar estrategias para lograr avances en el sector joyero del Perú y sus exportaciones. / The objective of this research is to determine how 3 competitive tools: place strategy, high quality product and product brand are related with the export performance of the silver jewelry sector in Peru. The elaboration of this study was carried out based on the scientific method, using a qualitative descriptive design of grounded theory type. It began with the search for epistemological antecedents through bibliographic databases from trusted and indexed sources. The theoretical basis of this research is developed from the theory of competitive advantage and the new theory of international trade (integrated model of heterogeneous companies). The problematic reality sets out the foundations for posing the problem. The population is made up of 75 exporting companies and 6,670 artisans. Descriptive questionnaires were conducted with 7 artisans and 10 in-depth interviews were realized with key players in the sector (companies, unions, and government institutions). This information was processed through the Atlas.ti® software. The discussion of results is developed by relating antecedents, product analysis and the results of interviews. The results show that, the greater the development of competitive tools, the greater the participation in silver jewelry exports; this applies both between countries and between companies. Peru has various difficulties in developing competitive tools. This research aims to contribute to the interest and development of future research where another relevant competitive tools are developed; in addition to sharing information with all those interested in proposing and / or executing strategies to achieve progress in the Peruvian jewelry sector and its exports. / Tesis