Studiens utgångspunkt är mina egna frågeställningar kring reflektion i relation till lärande. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur elever inom en gymnasial frisör- och stylistutbildning beskriver reflektion som metod i utbildningen. Inom ramen för det här arbetet belyses fem elevers beskrivningar av reflektion i relation till lärande för yrkesprofessionen. Mina huvudsakliga forskningsfrågor är: Kan ökad reflektion leda till ett mer utvecklat lärande? Vad krävs av läraren för elevers ökade reflektioner? Det finns uppfattningar om att vissa utbildningar är teoretiska och andra är praktiska. Istället menar Schön att det för mer förståelse och utvecklat lärande krävs reflektion för att binda samman dikotomierna som inte är motsatser utan beroende av varandra. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är framförallt hämtad från John Deweys teorier kring kunskapsutveckling genom reflektion. Studien är empirisk samt kvalitativ och uppbyggd genom fallbeskrivningar med utvecklingsarbete. Individuella intervjuer och observationer av fem olika elever har använts för att samla in mitt datamaterial. I resultatet beskriver eleverna att reflektion bland annat kan användas för ökad delaktighet och ökat självförtroende samt att reflektion ger möjlighet till förståelse för handlingen i förhållande till resultatet. Metoder för elevers ökade reflektion beskrivs genom att läraren visar, ger tips och ställer frågor vilket leder till diskussion, samt möjlighet för elever att reflektera över sina val och sitt arbete. I användandet av reflektion inom utbildningen är det väsentligt att vara medveten om betydelsen av att reflektera kring de faktorer som leder fram till resultatet och inte bara resultatet i sig, vilket bland andra även Dewey argumenterar för. Även lärarens medvetenhet om dennes förhållningssätt och frågeställningar för att uppmuntra elevers reflektion, delaktighet och självförtroende är betydande. / The study's starting point is my own questions about reflection in relation to learning. The study aims to investigate how students in an upper secondary hairdresser and hairstylist education describe reflection as a method of education. In the framework of this study, five pupils' descriptions of reflection in relation to learning for the profession are highlighted. My main research questions are: Can increased reflection lead to a more developed learning? What is required by the teacher for students increased reflections? There are perceptions that some educations are theoretical and others are practical. Instead, Schön says that more understanding and developed learning requires reflection to link these dichotomies that are not opposites but mutually dependent. The study's theoretical basis is mainly taken from John Dewey's theories of knowledge through reflection. The study is empirical and qualitative and built up through case studies and development project. Individual interviews and observations of five different students were used to collect my data. In the result students describe that reflection can be used for, among other things, increased participation and self-confidence, and that reflection allows understanding of the action in relation to the result. Methods for increasing students' reflections describes as when the teacher is showing, giving advice and asking questions, leading to discussion and an opportunity for students to reflect on their choices and their work. When using reflection in education, it is essential to be aware of the importance of reflecting over the factors that leads to the result, and not just the result itself, which among others also Dewey argues. Even the teacher’s awareness of the attitudes and questions to encourage students' reflection, participation and self-confidence is significant.

The preschool should lay the foundations for lifelong learning in a good educational activity. Preschool curriculum is designed to enhance the quality of the educational activities. To translate the curriculum in business, the importance of early childhood special education knowledge. With regard to the completion of theoretical knowledge requires the ability to translate theory into real action. Professionalism is essential to anchor the curriculum in daily operations.The study's purpose was to investigate preschool teachers' perception of professionalism and how the implementation of the preschool curriculum in their daily business functions.The study was an interview with four pre-school professionals with the spread in age and experience. The questions in the interviews have been based on state regulation of preschool, preschool teacher, preschool teaching profession professionalization and teacher parent interaction.The conclusions of the study show that preschool curriculum is the basis for pre-school teacher professionalism in the business. Professionalism in the profession was depicted by an educational work, parental interaction and anchoring of curriculum. Preschool teacher was seen as a step to professionalism and as proof of training. The study revealed similarities and differences in respondents' description of the business in which experience can be perceived as a basis for a critical approach. / Förskolan skall lägga grunden för ett livslångt lärande i en god pedagogisk verksamhet. Förskolans läroplan har till syfte att höja kvaliteten i den pedagogiska verksamheten. För att omsätta läroplanens innehåll i verksamheten betonas vikten av speciella förskolepedagogiska kunskaper. När det gäller att förverkliga teoretisk kunskap krävs förmåga att omsätta teori i verklig handling. Professionalitet blir avgörande för att förankra läroplanen i den dagliga verksamheten. Studiens syfte var att undersöka förskollärarens uppfattning om professionalitet och hur implementering av förskolans läroplan i den dagliga verksamheten fungerar. Studien var en intervjustudie med fyra yrkesverksamma förskollärare med spridning i ålder och yrkeserfarenhet. Frågeställningarna i intervjuerna har utgått ifrån statlig reglering av förskolans verksamhet, förskollärarlegitimation, förskolläraryrkets professionalisering och pedagogens föräldrasamverkan. Slutsatsen av studien visar att förskolans läroplan ligger som grund för förskollärarens professionalitet i verksamheten. Professionalitet i yrket skildrades av ett pedagogiskt arbete, föräldrasamverkan och förankring av läroplan. Förskollärarlegitimation sågs som ett led till professionalitet och som ett bevis på utbildning. I studien framkom likheter och skillnader i respondenternas skildring av verksamheten där yrkeserfarenhet kan uppfattas ligga till grund för ett kritiskt förhållningssätt.

This thesis attempts to analyze Japanese British writer Kazuo Ishiguro¡¦s The Remains of the Day by tracing Ishiguro¡¦s engagement with such problematic issues as the recuperation of history, the negotiation with Englishness, and the fetishization of professionalism. To critically study the thematic concerns of Ishiguro¡¦s novel¡Xits examination of the conflicts between memory and history, its critique of the discursive formation of Englishness, and its scrutiny of psychic costs of the subject formation of a professional butler, I adopt a critical stance that is hybridized in nature and read The Remains of the Day as an incisive deconstruction of the colonial cultural legacies that the English both embrace and disavow. The first chapter explores the ways in which the macronarratives of the nation¡¦s history impact and influence the micronarratives of personal memory. Stevens¡¦s yearning for the glorious past of colonial Britain and his disavowal of his shameful memory well reflect the collective symptom of post-imperial melancholia that the British people experienced in the ¡¦80s. The second chapter applies Homi Bhabha¡¦s ideas of ¡§stereotype¡¨ to study the discursive formation of Englishness through acts of cultural coercion and problematize the concepts of Englishness as discursively constructed fetishes. By paying concentrated attention on English imaginaries of the landscape of English country side, the English country house, and the English gentleman, Ishiguro mocks and questions, if not ridicule, the concepts of Englishness by making parodies of these three prototypes of Englishness. By using Michel Foucault¡¦s concepts of discipline, sexuality, and subjectivity, the third chapter studies Stevens¡¦s professionalism, his conflicts between personal affections and desire and his professional principles. Even though Ishiguro proffers a critique of Stevens¡¦s blind loyalty and exposes the political consequences of the butler¡¦s non-political stance, the novel ends with an open ending that leaves undecided how Stevens is to face the ¡§remains¡¨ of his days, or, as an analogy, how the English are to tackle with the ¡§remains¡¨ of their days.

<p>Mycket har förändrats sedan den nya läroplanen infördes. Den nya läroplanen var i sin utformning målstyrd. Offentliga verksamheter har tidigare varit centralstyrda men i den nya läroplanen decentraliserade man beslut och därmed makt ner på lägre nivåer. Det är därför intressant att undersöka vilken uppfattning politiker, rektorer och lärare har i den nya målstyrda skolan. </p><p>Jag har därför intervjuat politiker, rektorer och lärare utifrån fyra frågeställningar där de får redogöra för vad målstyrning innebär för dem och vad de tycker om en målstyrd skola och vilken roll de anser sig ha i en målstyrd skola och sist egna kommentarer om skolans målstyrning. </p><p>Resultatet blev att alla intervjuade tycker målstyrning är bra. Men målstyrning är svår att tillämpa såsom beskrivs i teorin. Målstyrningsprocessen och utvärderingen är svår att lösa.</p>

In the near future several Swedish family firms will face a need for succession. Many times there is no available successor within the family firm. Hiring a non-family CEO (NFC) is thus a solution to keep the firm within the family. Using a multiple case study with 6 participating family firms, we have identified how clashing logics between family business owners and NFCs, on the role of the NFC, influence their expectations and relationships. Clashing logics were often a source of disagreements and conflicts, leading to failure in the owner-NFC relationship. Furthermore, we have identified that the two parties often perceived the non-family CEO to offer more professional management which was a motive why family firms in this study hired NFCs. This perceived professionalism was also a reason for conflicting expectations. Adding to previous studies we also identified a series of influencing factors impacting the family business owner-NFC relationship. To conclude this study provides new insights for further research and practical recommendations for family firms in the process of hiring NFCs.

This essay deals with the complexity that I perceive in the collaboration processes between preschool and parents. In the essay I present my interpretation of two self-perceived situations where my experience has been that the cooperation has not worked satisfactorily for either part. As a basis for my conclusions I use different theories and studies within the domain. My own experiences - both from ten years of working in preschool as well as from an eight-year experience of being a parent also comes into use. The purpose of my essay is to investigate how different horizons of understanding can come into collision, and how limitations in our own understanding of the perspectives of others can complicate collaboration between educators and parents. In the first story I discuss a situation where, in my professional role, I go into a conflict with a parent about how we have chosen to implement some changes. Here I am faced with the fact that my professional role requires me to inform the parent about the work team´s motivation for change. In the second story, I am situated in a private role and I am engaged in a dialogue on how the educational work in preschool might look like and why. Finally, I examine my own actions as a professional worker in preschool - from a parental as well as from a professional perspective - and also the opinions and actions of the two parents that occur in my stories.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct effects of distributed leadership on teacher professionalism and the mediating effects of collective teacher efficacy, professional learning community, and teacher job satisfaction by using teacher data from the Korea Educational Longitudinal Study (KELS) of 2007, conducted by the Korean Educational Development Institute (KEDI). After scrutinizing theoretical foundations and reported evidence on the relationships between research factors, the research constructed a structural equation model. The research questions that guided this analysis are as follows: 1) Does the model of this research fit the observed data?; 2) Does distributed leadership practice directly influence teacher professionalism?; and 3) Does distributed leadership practice indirectly influence teacher professionalism mediated by collective teacher efficacy, professional learning community, and teacher job satisfaction? As a result, the initial hypothesized research model shows an inadequate fit to the data. The researcher revised the initial research model by using the results of modification indices provided by the output result of the AMOS program. The results of the study revealed that 1) the research model successfully accounted for the KELS data, 2) distributed leadership negatively influenced teacher professionalism, and 3) distributed leadership indirectly and significantly influenced teacher professionalism, mediated by collective teacher efficacy, professional learning community, and teacher job satisfaction. Additionally, the effects of these mediators also indicated significant relationships between study variables. Public schools cannot achieve their goals and sustain fundamental reform without considering the day-to-day lives of educators, leadership practice, and educators’ workload, and sometimes even re-culturing of schools. School organization should be a place where school members all collaborate with each other to achieve organizational goals and where teachers and students are learning through reciprocal cooperation. When we consider that teacher professionalism can be directly associated with student and parent satisfaction and student achievement, this study contributes to the creation of a model that improves teacher professionalism, and by implication student achievement and satisfaction. / text

Η παρούσα εργασία πραγματεύεται το ζήτημα της διαμόρφωσης της επαγγελματικής ταυτότητας των τελειόφοιτων σπουδαστών του Π.Τ.Δ.Ε. και των εκπαιδευτικών, εκκινώντας από τον επαγγελματισμό που διέπει κάθε επαγγελματικό χώρο. Ειδικότερα, αναλύονται οι παράγοντες εκείνοι, που διαμορφώνουν και επηρεάζουν την επαγγελματική ταυτότητα και εν συνεχεία μέσα από την εμπειρική μελέτη προσπαθούμε να καταγράψουμε τις απόψεις των φοιτητών και των εκπαιδευτικών επί του θέματος. Στο θεωρητικό μέρος γίνεται εκτενής αναφορά στην έννοια του επαγγελματισμού, πάνω στην οποία στηρίζεται το οικοδόμημα των επαγγελματικών ταυτοτήτων. Στην εμπειρική μελέτη, κυρίαρχο ζητούμενο είναι αφενός η διερεύνηση της θέσης των ερωτώμενων πάνω στις έννοιες επαγγελματισμός και επαγγελματική ταυτότητα, αλλά και η αναζήτηση των απόψεών τους στο ερώτημα αν η διαμόρφωση της επαγγελματικής ταυτότητας συντελείται καθ' όλη την επαγγελματική πορεία του εκπαιδευτικού ή αφορά μόνον σε ένα χρονικό διάστημα της καριέρας του. / In this work we discuss the issue of the construction of the professional identity and the concept of professionalism of the student teachers' identities, who study at the Department of Primary Education (University of Patras), and of the teachers, starting from the profissionalism which spans every professional area. Specifically, we analyze those factors that construct adn affect the professional identity and then, using empirical study, we attempt to explore students' and teachers' views. In the theoretical part, we extensively examine the notion of professionalism, in which professional identity is based. In the research part of the thesis, we seek to reveal about the notions of the professionalism and professional identity; moreover, we seek to answer the question if the formation of the professional identity takes place during the whole career or refers to only a period of this career.

Jag har gjort en kvalitativ undersökning bland personal på en öppenvårdsmottagning för missbrukande ungdomar. Jag vill med denna uppsats undersöka socialarbetarens syn på den egna professionen, hur han/hon definierar begreppet professionalitet och hur han/hon omsätter dessa tankar och värderingar i sin yrkesutövning. Den centrala forskningsfrågan är ”Hur konstruerar personal på en öppenvårdsmottagning sin professionalitet?”. Jag kommer att utgå från ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv för att belysa hur socialarbetaren, tillsammans med sitt sammanhang, skapar sitt sätt att tänka, och hur han/hon sedan handlar utifrån det. Jag har intagit en fenomenologisk position där jag använder mig av sex kvalitativa intervjuer för att studera det valda fenomenet. För att analysera mina insamlade data har jag använt mig av meningskoncentrering. Mina litteratursökningar har visat att forskning kring mitt specifika ämne inte är så omfattande, varför jag har valt att koncentrera mig på forskning som knyter an till de teman jag utkristalliserat i mina intervjuer. Till exempel har jag valt att titta närmare på frågan om vilka kompetenskrav som finns inom det sociala arbetet. Jag tar även upp forskning kring kvalitetstänkande i socialt arbete. Resultatet av min studie visar att socialarbetarna anser sig få sina kunskaper i första hand genom erfarenheter. Intervjupersonerna definierar kunskap som förmåga att arbeta eklektiskt med teorier och metoder och förmåga till distans, reflektion och objektivitet i arbetet. Intervjupersonerna talar om begreppet professionalitet som en förmåga att tänka kritiskt, använda sig av sin kunskap och sina erfarenheter i arbetet samt en tanke kring att inte utöva makt över klienten.

The purpose of this essay is to describe how probation service officers regard their professional role and their liberty of action within the motivational treatment program, MIK, and the probation organization. To answer the purpose three questions were formulated: 1) Does the probation service organization affect the individual discretion for the probation service officers, and in that case how? 2) Does the motivational treatment program, MIK, influence the probation officers’ professionalism and their professional role? 3) What advantages and disadvantages do the probation service officers consider MIK being related to? The method conducted in the study was interviews with five probation service officers in Stockholm. The interviews were combined with a theoretical framework based on themes as organization, professional role, professionalism and motivation. The result showed that probation officers consider themselves to have a relatively high discretion within their work. They also think that work with treatment programs generally increases their professionalism and it provides a more distinct professional role in meeting with clients. An advantage of MIK is that it is more suited to the client. A disadvantage is that it can be perceived as difficult to know how big effect the program will have in the long term.