American youth are leaving organized religion at historical levels. Given that religious and political similarity (consensual solidarity) tends to strengthen affectual solidarity (emotional connection) in parent-adolescent dyads, decreasing adolescent religiousness and increasing political disagreements may threaten family social cohesion. However, during adolescence, youth empathy skills tend to increase and adolescents’ conflict with their parents tends to eventually subside. Based on principles outlined in intergenerational family solidarity theory, I hypothesized that adolescent empathy skills and authoritative parenting style would buffer the negative relational effects of religious and political discrepancies within the parent-adolescent relationship. I used Waves 2-4 (referred to as Times 1-3) of parent-adolescent data drawn from the Family Foundations of Youth Development study (Time 2 N = 1764 families) to understand patterns of discrepancy using a person-centered analysis. As a first step in latent profile analysis, I enumerated five distinct classes in Time 2 using the indicators of religious and political identities and social cohesion at both Times 2 and 3, alongside the covariates of adolescent empathy, parenting styles, and demographic controls. Next, I labeled the five classes as follows: Class 1 – Less Religious Parents Politically Mixed (26% of the sample, n = 665); Class 2 – More Religious Parents Moderate Conservative (26% of the sample, n = 399); Class 3 – Both Somewhat Religious Conservative (20% of the sample, n = 254); Class 4 – Least Religious Adolescents Politically Mixed (14% of the sample, n = 236); and Class 5 – More Religious Adolescents Very Conservative (14% of the sample, n = 210). Finally, I compared the five classes on the longitudinal distal outcome of social cohesion at Time 3. The Less Religious Parents Politically Mixed families predicted significantly less social cohesion while the Both Somewhat Religious Conservative families predicted significantly higher social cohesion from Time 2 to 3.

Após a análise subjetiva utilizando fotografias de perfil de 540 indivíduos, selecionou-se 120 indivíduos adultos jovens (60 do gênero masculino e 60 do feminino), leucodermas, com perfil facial harmonioso, equilíbrio do terço inferior da face e selamento labial passivo, com o objetivo de estabelecer parâmetros cefalométricos para avaliar a estética facial e analisar as correlações entre referências anteroposteriores do tecido tegumentar da face. Utilizando telerradiografias dos indivíduos selecionados, foram desenhadas estruturas anatômicas de interesse e traçada a linha vertical passando pelo ponto sela (LSv) e linhas horizontais verdadeiras passando pelos pontos PRT (ponto de referência da fronte), Pn, A, Ls, Li, B e Pg. Os valores médios cefalométricos obtidos para o gênero masculino e feminino e o total da amostra foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos. As medidas cefalométricas avaliadas mostraram-se maiores no gênero masculino do que no feminino. No gênero masculino, todas as medidas cefalométricas do terço médio e inferior apresentaram correlação positiva estatisticamente significativa com a referência do terço superior da face e todas as correlações mostraram-se valores maiores que no feminino. No gênero feminino, não foram observadas correlações diretas estatisticamente significativas para as medidas Sv-B (p = 0,107) e Sv-Pg (p = 0,091). As fórmulas para a previsibilidade dos valores de Sv - Pn, Sv - A, Sv - Ls, Sv - Li, Sv - B e Sv - Pg para o gênero masculino e o feminino em função da medida Sv-PRT mostraram-se igual para ambos os gêneros, necessitando ser acrescido um valor compensatório a cada medida para os homens. / After subjective analysis of profile photographs of 540 individuals, 120 young adults (60 males and 60 females), leucodermas, with balanced facial profile, equilibrium of the lower facial third and passive lip sealing, in order to establish cephalometrics parameters for facial esthetics and evaluate the correlation between anteroposterior references of facial soft tissues. By using lateral radiographies of the selected individuals, anatomic structures of interesting were drawn, and the true vertical line passing through Sela point (LSv) and true horizontal lines passing through points PRT (reference point of the forehead), Pn, A, Ls, Li, B e Pg. The cephalometric average values which were calculated for masculine, feminine genders and the total of sample were evaluated by statics tests. The cephalometric measures analyzed showed high values to the masculine gender in comparing to the feminine gender. In the masculine gender, all the cephalometric measures of the middle and lower facial third presented positive correlation statistically significant to the reference of the superior facial third and all correlations were higher than female measures. In the feminine gender, direct correlations statistically significant for Sv-B (p = 0,107) e Sv-Pg (p = 0,091) measures. The formulas for the prevision of the values of Sv - Pn, Sv - A, Sv - Ls, Sv - Li, Sv - B e Sv - Pg dimensions for males and females individuals in function of Sv-PRT showed similar in both genders, needing to be added a specific value for each measures for males individuals.

Although organizational citizenship behaviors toward individuals (OCB-I) have been studied over decades, the beneficiary side of OCB-I has been understudied. The co-existing and interactive possibility of benefactor OCB-I and beneficiary OCB-I within individuals has been ignored. Therefore, this research adopted a person-centered approach and examined different profiles of benefactor OCB-I and beneficiary OCB-I on the basis of Grant’s (2013) theory. Results from Study 1 data (cross-sectional data) and Study 2 data (multiple waves of data) revealed the three profile groups: vigorous (high benefactor OCB-I and high beneficiary OCB-I), moderate (moderate benefactor OCB-I and moderate beneficiary OCB-I), and passive OCB-I groups (low benefactor OCB-I and low beneficiary OCB-I). Also, the three profiles were significantly differentiated by positive affect, other-oriented empathy, task interdependence, and job satisfaction. Furthermore, the vigorous OCB-I group showed the lowest psychological strain while the passive OCB-I group showed the lowest physical strain. The results offer theoretical implications for Grant’s (2013) theory, OCB-I and employee health research, and equity theory in comparison to conservation of resources theory. In addition, practical implications for enhancing employee health are discussed.

Accurate statistical characterization of nanomaterials is crucial for their use in emerging technologies. This work investigates how different structural characteristics of metal nanoparticles influence the line profiles of the corresponding powder diffraction pattern. The effects of crystallite size, shape, lattice dynamics, and surface strain are all systematically studied in terms of their impact on the line profiles. The studied patterns are simulated from atomistic models of nanoparticles via the Debye function. This approach allows for the existing theories of diffraction to be tested, and extended, in an effort to improve the characterization of small crystallites. It also begins to allow for the incorporation of atomistic simulations into the field of diffraction. Molecular dynamics simulations are shown to be effective in generating realistic structural models and dynamics of an atomic system, and are then used to study the observed features in the powder diffraction pattern. Furthermore, the characterization of a sample of shape controlled Pt nanoparticles is carried out through the use of a developed Debye function analysis routine in an effort to determine the predominant particle shape. The results of this modeling are shown to be in good agreement with complementary characterization methods, like transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Wachstum von Ta- und TaN-Schichten auf Si- und SiO_2-Substraten untersucht Die Schichten werden dabei unter technologienahen Bedingungen mittels Magnetron-Sputtern abgeschieden. Die Untersuchungen erfolgen hauptsächlich mit winkelaufgelöster röntgenstrahlungsangeregter Photoelektronenspektroskopie (ARXPS). Die Analysen erfolgen in situ, ohne Unterbrechung des Ultrahochvakuums, um die Deposite vor Oxidation und Kontamination zu schützen. Zur zerstörungsfreien Tiefenprofilanalyse wird ein Quantifizierungsalgoritmus beschrieben und angewandt. Für die Kombination Ta/Si wird die Bildung einer zunächst unvollständigen TaSi_2-Schicht, danach das Aufwachsen von Ta auf diese Zwischenschicht beobachtet. Für die Kombination Ta/SiO_2 wird eine Reduktion des SiO_2-Substrates bei gleichzeitigem Aufwachsen von Ta-Oxiden beobachtet. Auf dem durchmischten Schichtstapel wächst danach Ta auf. Für die Kombination TaN/Si wird die Bildung einer Si-N-Zwischenschicht bei gleichzeitigem Wachsen einer TaN-Schicht beobachtet. Für die Kombination TaN/SiO_2 wird das Aufwachsen einer TaN-Schicht ohne Ausbilung von Zwischenschichten beobachtet. Das Wachstumsverhalten des Ta/Si-Systems wird zusätzlich mit in situ Rastertunnelmikroskopie und -spektroskopie untersucht. Es wurden Untersuchungen zur thermischen Stabilität von abgeschiedenen Schichten an den Systemen Ta/Si und TaN/SiO_2 durchgeführt. Als mögliche Alternative zur winkelaufgelösten XPS wurden Untersuchungen mittels synchrotronstrahlungsangeregter Photoelektronenspektroskopie bei variierter Anregungsenergie durchgeführt.

Orientador: Pedro Eduardo de Felicio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T10:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bueno_RachelVirginiaCarvalhodeCampos_M.pdf: 21391234 bytes, checksum: 9704c6b584a0d7bc76348477fb39fd91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho visou avaliar o comportamento funcional dos produtos resultantes das interações entre a fibra de colágeno e as fibras musculares em dois cortes do quarto dianteiro bovino, formados pelos músculos Tríceps braquial e Peitoral profundo. A formulação base da salmoura era constituída por uma solução aquosa de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) fixada em 1,0% de concentração. Variou-se a concentração de tripolifosfato de sódio (TPF) ao máximo de 0,4%; o nível de solução injetada entre 10% e 30% e a concentração da fibra de colágeno a ser adicionada em cada um dos níveis injetados entre 0,1% e 0,3% no produto final. Esta concentração respeita as recomendações do fabricante, que estabelece em 1% o limite máximo de fibra de colágeno no produto final porque tem início a percepção sensorial do sabor e aroma característico de colágeno, indesejável ao consumidor. A amostra padrão consistiu do corte de referência injetado nos níveis estipulados com salmoura constituída somente por uma solução de NaCl a 1%. Para avaliar a qualidade funcional dos cortes utilizados foram efetuadas as análises de pH, capacidade de retenção de água, composição centesimal e teor de colágeno total, em etapa anterior à injeção. As análises microbiológicas seguiram o padrão exigido pela ANVISA na RDC nº. 12, de 12 de janeiro de 2001. Os cortes injetados foram embalados a vácuo e permaneceram em repouso por 24 horas a 4 ºC. Após este período analisou-se a capacidade de retenção de água (CRA) e as perdas durante esta estocagem, só então, passaram pelo processo de cocção industrial usado para a fabricação de ¿Cooked Frozen Beef¿ (CFB), permanecendo estocados em câmaras a -20 ºC durante o período de realização das análises. Para verificar o comportamento funcional, as amostras foram avaliadas quanto a sua maciez objetiva (força de cisalhamento), análise do perfil de textura (TPA), perdas na estocagem e na cocção, bem como o rendimento do processo. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados através da análise de superfície de resposta. O rendimento do processo foi beneficiado pela presença da fibra de colágeno na formulação injetada, porém, para os dois cortes estudados, este aumento foi inversamente proporcional ao nível de injeção aplicado. A adição da fibra de colágeno na formulação injetada atuou favoravelmente ao acréscimo da capacidade de retenção de água, para os dois cortes musculares estudados, independentemente da presença de tripolifosfato de sódio na formulação, desde que a taxa de injeção fosse mantida em valores menores de 20%. Teores maiores que 0,14% da fibra de colágeno na formulação injetada promoveram um aumento acentuado nos valores de força de cisalhamento observados no m. Tríceps braquial. O m. Peitoral profundo apresentou valores relativamente mais altos de força de cisalhamento que os observados para o m. Tríceps braquial. As diferenças de comportamento entre os cortes musculares merecem estudo posterior. A análise do perfil de textura não apresentou respostas confiáveis nas condições deste trabalho. Esta observação pode ser um reflexo do próprio delineamento experimental proposto, mas existe a possibilidade de ser atribuída às inúmeras variáveis envolvidas no processo / Abstract: This project evaluated the functional behavior of the resulting products of the interactions between collagen fibers and muscular fibers in two boneless cut of bovine forequarter: Brisket and Clod, Pectoralis profundi and Triceps brachii muscles, respectively. The base of the enhance formulation was 1.0 % aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl). The TPF concentration was varied to a maximum of 0.4%, the level of injected solution was varied between 10% and 30%, and the concentration of collagen fibers to be added in each of the injected levels was varied between 0.1%, and 0.3% in the final product. This variation is in accordance with the manufacturer¿s recommendation of a maximum of 1% collagen fiber in the final product. This limit is set because the characteristic flavor of collagen is undesirable to the consumer. The main sample was the reference cut injected at the specified levels with the standard brine solution made only by 1% NaCl solution. The following properties of the cut were evaluated before injection: pH, water hold capacity, and centesimal composition of the total collagen. The microbiological analyses followed the requirements of ANVISA in RDC nº. 12, from January 12th, 2001. The injected cuts were wrapped in vacuum and were stored for 24 hours at 4 ºC. After this period the water hold capacity was analyzed (WHC), and the losses from storage passed through the industrial cooking process used for the production of ¿Cooked Frozen Beef¿ (CFB). Throughout the analysis period the cuts remained stored in chambers at -20 ºC. To analyse the functional behavior, the following properties were evaluated: objective tenderness by shear force and texture profile analysis (TPA), losses in storage and cooking, and the process effectiveness. The results obtained were evaluated through surface response analysis. The process benefited from the collagen fiber in the injected formulation. In the two cuts studied this benefit was inversely proportional to the level of the applied injections. The fiber addition in the injection formulation positively impacted the water hold capacity for both studied cuts, independent of the presence of TPF in the formulation. This benefit occurred as long as the injection level was maintained below 20%. Levels higher than 0.14% of the collagen fiber in the injected formulation promoted a substantial increase in the shear force values observed in the Triceps brachii muscle samples. The .Pectoralis profundi muscle displayed shear force values relatively higher than those observed for Triceps brachii muscle. Further researches should investigate the differences between the muscular cuts behavior. A texture profile analysis did not provide reliable data for the conditions in this study. This outcome may be a result of an error in the experimental design protocol, or it could be attributed to unexpected variables involved in the process / Mestrado / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Após a análise subjetiva utilizando fotografias de perfil de 540 indivíduos, selecionou-se 120 indivíduos adultos jovens (60 do gênero masculino e 60 do feminino), leucodermas, com perfil facial harmonioso, equilíbrio do terço inferior da face e selamento labial passivo, com o objetivo de estabelecer parâmetros cefalométricos para avaliar a estética facial e analisar as correlações entre referências anteroposteriores do tecido tegumentar da face. Utilizando telerradiografias dos indivíduos selecionados, foram desenhadas estruturas anatômicas de interesse e traçada a linha vertical passando pelo ponto sela (LSv) e linhas horizontais verdadeiras passando pelos pontos PRT (ponto de referência da fronte), Pn, A, Ls, Li, B e Pg. Os valores médios cefalométricos obtidos para o gênero masculino e feminino e o total da amostra foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos. As medidas cefalométricas avaliadas mostraram-se maiores no gênero masculino do que no feminino. No gênero masculino, todas as medidas cefalométricas do terço médio e inferior apresentaram correlação positiva estatisticamente significativa com a referência do terço superior da face e todas as correlações mostraram-se valores maiores que no feminino. No gênero feminino, não foram observadas correlações diretas estatisticamente significativas para as medidas Sv-B (p = 0,107) e Sv-Pg (p = 0,091). As fórmulas para a previsibilidade dos valores de Sv - Pn, Sv - A, Sv - Ls, Sv - Li, Sv - B e Sv - Pg para o gênero masculino e o feminino em função da medida Sv-PRT mostraram-se igual para ambos os gêneros, necessitando ser acrescido um valor compensatório a cada medida para os homens. / After subjective analysis of profile photographs of 540 individuals, 120 young adults (60 males and 60 females), leucodermas, with balanced facial profile, equilibrium of the lower facial third and passive lip sealing, in order to establish cephalometrics parameters for facial esthetics and evaluate the correlation between anteroposterior references of facial soft tissues. By using lateral radiographies of the selected individuals, anatomic structures of interesting were drawn, and the true vertical line passing through Sela point (LSv) and true horizontal lines passing through points PRT (reference point of the forehead), Pn, A, Ls, Li, B e Pg. The cephalometric average values which were calculated for masculine, feminine genders and the total of sample were evaluated by statics tests. The cephalometric measures analyzed showed high values to the masculine gender in comparing to the feminine gender. In the masculine gender, all the cephalometric measures of the middle and lower facial third presented positive correlation statistically significant to the reference of the superior facial third and all correlations were higher than female measures. In the feminine gender, direct correlations statistically significant for Sv-B (p = 0,107) e Sv-Pg (p = 0,091) measures. The formulas for the prevision of the values of Sv - Pn, Sv - A, Sv - Ls, Sv - Li, Sv - B e Sv - Pg dimensions for males and females individuals in function of Sv-PRT showed similar in both genders, needing to be added a specific value for each measures for males individuals.

Work values, defined as the end states people desire and expect to realize through work, appear to play a role in career success, but the small number of past studies have reported conflicting results, some of which may be attributed to research methodology. Using a person-centered approach to model the conjoint effects of intrinsic and extrinsic work values, the present study inductively investigated the association between work-value profile and career success using a three-panel longitudinal dataset consisting of 905 lawyers from the After the Juris Doctorate (AJD) study. Latent profile analysis identified five work-value profiles: (i) Neither Intrinsic nor Extrinsic (NIE); (ii) Moderately Intrinsic and Extrinsic (MIE); (iii) Highly Intrinsic (HI); (iv) Highly Intrinsic, also Extrinsic (HI[E]); and (v) Highly Extrinsic, also Intrinsic (HE[I]). Measurement invariance was established across gender, but gender was an antecedent to profile assignment, with males being more likely to belong to the NIE, MIE, or HE[I] profiles compared to the HI profile. The work-value profile construct displayed intuitive and meaningful relationships with objective and subjective career success indicators over time. The results exposed the inadequacies of methods that examine the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic work values separately. The two sets of values appeared to interact in a non-linear fashion in their associations with career variables, such that modelling them simultaneously, but only linearly, might also be misleading. Contrary to claims made by studies based on the self-determination theory, the HI profile was not positively associated with subjective career success. Generally, the more successful lawyers from early to mid-career also tended to report high intrinsic and high extrinsic work values i.e., those with the HI[E] and HE[I] profiles; the former enjoyed higher subjective career success while the latter exhibited the highest objective career success. The absence of the highly extrinsic profile among this sample of lawyers reinforced past calls to restructure the transactional rewards systems in large law firms.

Contexte. Selon les directives de Mouvement 24 heures adoptées par le gouvernement du Canada, l’équilibre de trois habitudes de vie (activité physique, temps d’écran et sommeil) serait la clé pour une meilleure santé physique et psychologique. Plusieurs enfants ne respecteraient pas ces directives. L’adoption d’habitudes de vie problématiques à l’enfance serait liée prospectivement, entre autres, à l’apparition de problèmes intériorisés. Inversement, il semblerait que les problèmes intériorisés soient également associés prospectivement à l’adoption d’habitudes de vie problématiques à l’enfance. Bien que la tendance soit à considérer les habitudes de vie de façon conjointe, très peu d’études ont fait cet exercice. De plus, très peu d’études longitudinales ont vérifié les liens entre les problèmes intériorisés et les habitudes de vie à l’enfance. Objectifs. (1) Identifier les profils d’habitudes de vie à 10 ans en utilisant des indicateurs d’activité physique, de temps d’écran et de sommeil. (2) Examiner si les problèmes intériorisés à 8 ans prédisent l’appartenance aux profils d’habitudes de vie. (3) Examiner si les enfants qui composent chacun des profils d’habitudes de vie se distinguent en termes de problèmes intériorisés à 12 ans. Méthode. Les données utilisées sont celles de l’Étude longitudinale du développement des enfants du Québec. L’échantillon utilisé pour dériver les profils est composé de 1334 enfants. Les habitudes de vie à 10 ans ont été rapportées par les mères. Les problèmes intériorisés à 8 ans ont été rapportés par les mères et les enseignants, puis par les enfants à 12 ans. Ces données ont été collectées par questionnaires. Les profils ont été dérivés empiriquement par une analyse de profils latents. Des régressions logistiques multinomiales et des analyses de covariance ont été faites pour tester les associations entre les problèmes intériorisés et les profils. Résultats. Quatre profils ont été trouvés : (1) Habitudes de vie équilibrées (43 %), (2) Habitudes de vie moyennes (38 %), (3) Habitudes de vie inactives (15%) et Habitudes de vie très inactives (4 %). Les problèmes intériorisés à 8 ans ne prédisent pas l’appartenance aux profils d’habitudes de vie à 10 ans. Toutefois, l’appartenance au profil Habitudes de vie très inactives prédit un niveau élevé de sentiments dépressifs à 12 ans à comparer aux enfants du profil Habitudes de vie équilibrées. Implications. Les programmes gouvernementaux comme le Mouvement 24 heures visant à augmenter le niveau d'activité physique et à réduire le temps d'écran chez les jeunes seraient bénéfiques pour leur bien-être psychologique. Par ailleurs, l’ajout d’une composante d’activité physique aux programmes visant à diminuer les sentiments dépressifs chez les jeunes serait à encourager. / Context. According to the 24-Hour Movement guidelines adopted by the government of Canada, a balanced lifestyle regarding physical activity, screen time, and sleep is essential for a better physical and psychological health. Many children do not follow these guidelines. The adoption of an unhealthy lifestyle in childhood is prospectively linked, among other things, to internalizing problems such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. Conversely, internalizing problems are also prospectively associated with an unhealthy lifestyle in childhood. Very few studies have examined the specific effects of physical activity, screen time, and sleep when modelled jointly. In addition, very few longitudinal studies have examined the links between internalizing problems and lifestyle in childhood. Objectives. (1) To identify lifestyle profiles at 10 years old using indicators of physical activity, screen time, and sleep. (2) To examine the association between internalizing problems (depressive symptoms and anxiety) at 8 years old and lifestyle profiles membership at 10 years old. (3) To compare children according to profile membership in order to examine the differences in terms of internalizing problems at 12 years old. Method. Data are from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. The sample used to derive lifestyle profiles at age 10 included 1334 children. Physical activity, screen time and sleep were reported by mothers. Internalizing problems at age 8 were reported by mothers and teachers, then by children at age 12. All data were collected by questionnaires. The profiles have been derived empirically by a latent profile analysis. Multinomial logistic regressions and covariance analysis were conducted to test the associations between internalizing problems and profiles. Results. Four lifestyle profiles at age 10 were found among our sample: (1) Balanced lifestyle (43 %), (2) Average lifestyle (38 %), Inactive lifestyle (15 %), and Very inactive lifestyle (4 %). Internalizing problems at age 8 did not predict profile membership, whereas, children in the Very inactive lifestyle profile had significantly more depressive symptoms at age 12 compared to children in the Balanced lifestyle. Implications. In line with our hypothesis, children with an inactive lifestyle in childhood are at risk of elevated depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Therefore, governmental programs such as the 24-Hour Movement which aim to increase the levels of physical activity and decrease screen time in youth are beneficial for their psychological well-being. Furthermore, a physical activity component should be added to programs that aim to reduce depressive symptoms in youth.

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