No / This paper reports the findings of a study which was carried out to evaluate the educational preparation of cancer and palliative care nurses in England. The study was carried out in three stages and covered the following areas; documentary analysis of curriculae, assessment of practice, patients and professionals views of threshold and expert practice. The findings suggested that although there was widespread compliance with a national standard for cancer nursing, this was not the case for palliative care nursing. There was uncertainty about what should be assessed in practice and ambiguity about what was actually assessed. Partnership with children and their parents, clinical skills, multi-disciplinary working, and personal attributes were the main foci for expectations of threshold practice but an expert panel had difficulty in describing the attributes of higher level practice. The paper also describes how some of recommendations from the study are being taken forward in current policy and practice.

This thesis presents a new integrated tool and decision support framework to approach complex problems resulting from the interaction of many multi-criteria issues. The framework is embedded in an integrated tool called OUTDO (Oxford University Tool for Decision Organisation). OUTDO integrates Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), decision rationale management with a modified Issue-Based Information Systems (IBIS) representation, and probabilistic forecasting to effectively capture the essential reasons why decisions are made and to dynamically re-use the rationale. In doing so, it allows exploration of how changes in external parameters affect complicated and uncertain decision making processes in the present and in the future. Once the decision maker constructs his or her own decision process, OUTDO checks if the decision process is consistent and coherent and looks for possible ways to improve it using three new semantic-based decision support approaches. For this reason, two ontologies (the Decision Ontology and the Energy Ontology) were integrated into OUTDO to provide it with these semantic capabilities. The Decision Ontology keeps a record of the decision rationale extracted from OUTDO and the Energy Ontology describes the energy generation domain, focusing on the water requirement in thermoelectric power plants. A case study, with the objective of recommending electricity generation and steam condensation technologies for ten different regions in the UK, is used to verify OUTDO’s features and reach conclusions about the overall work.

Title Transformation and the Utilization of the School Garden of the Elementary School Jílové u Prahy Since Establishment Until Today. Annotation The goal of my thesis is to monitor the establishment and the development of our school garden. In the first, theoretical part of my thesis, I outlined the historical events and attempts that would lead to the establishment and the decline of school gardens in the Czech Republic. This is closely linked to the historical developments of the Czech educational tradition. This part of my thesis is backed up by the information found in specialised and professional literature. In the second part of my thesis, i.e. my research, I have focused on collecting the information about the process of building a new school in Jílové u Prahy and about the development and changes in the adjoining school area from the day it was opened until now. My research is based on documents found in the archive, class records and annual reports. I gained lots of valuable information from interviews with eyewitnesses. In my conclusion, I compare the development phases of the school area and outline my findings in terms of the function of the school garden for the teaching process at the ground school. Key Words Key words: history of school gardens, ZŠ Jílové u Prahy, school area, school garden,...

O presente estudo se propõe a Identificar o número de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) que desenvolvem programas relacionados ao tema drogas nas áreas de ensino, prevenção e assistência e descrever o perfil de seus programas, além de conhecer como os alunos percebem a existência de ações de apoio à saúde, informações e ajuda sobre o consumo de drogas. Participaram do estudo 100 Instituições de Ensino Superior, localizadas nas 27 capitais dos estados brasileiros. Os alunos foram selecionados por sorteio sistemático das classes em cada instituição. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizados: pesquisa aos sites institucionais, questionário estruturado respondido pelos alunos, questionário semiestruturado respondido pela instituição e analise qualitativa pela técnica de análise de conteúdo dos programas. Apesar da maioria dos estudantes saber da existência de serviços atendimento de saúde direcionados aos alunos, poucos utilizam o serviço, enquanto 71% dos alunos referem não ter recebido informações referentes ao uso de drogas e seu impacto na saúde em sua escola, no último ano. Das 100 IES, 82 instituições responderam ao questionário e destas, 32,9% (27 instituições) informam a existência de programas de prevenção, assistência ou orientação ao uso de álcool, tabaco ou outras drogas. Dos 27 programas, 51,9% fazem parte do projeto pedagógico institucional. As ações incluem prevenção 81,5% (22 em 27) associada a atividades de orientação (44,4%) e/ou assistência (48,1%). Os núcleos de apoio psicopedagógico existem em mais de metade nas instituições que têm programas relacionados ao uso de drogas. Foram analisados 18 programas, todos atuam na área da prevenção, mas são muito diversificados em abrangência, população alvo e atividades planejadas. Conclusões: No Brasil não é uma exigência legal a existência de projetos que tenham esse foco. A porcentagem de escolas com programas é pequena e deve ser estimulada a criação de programação de orientação para álcool, tabaco e outras drogas. Uma avaliação sistematizada interna e externa dos programas é necessária para identificar resultados efetivos, e para isso devem atuar em múltiplas frentes com uma participação ampliada do corpo diretivo, estudantes, docentes, funcionários e membros da comunidade. Além de fornecer informações, os programas devem ter por objetivo contribuir para mudar as atitudes e comportamentos / This study\'s proposal is to identify the number of Higher Education Institutions (IES - Instituições de Ensino Superior) that develop programs related to the topic drugs in the areas of teaching, prevention and assistance, describe the profile of said programs, as well as learn how the students perceive the existence of initiatives on improving health, and providing information and support related to the consumption of drugs. 100 Higher Education Institutions participated on the study, 27 located in the capitals of the Brazilian states. The participating students classes were randomly chosen through computer-aided randomization in each institution. The utilized instruments for the collecting data were: searches on the institution websites, semi structured survey answered by the students, semi structured survey answered by the institution, and the qualitative analysis through the technique of program content analysis. Although most students knew about the existence of healthcare services directed to students, few utilized the service, while 71% of the students report for the last year not having received in their schools, information related to the usage of drugs and it\'s impact on health. Of the 100 IES, 82 institutions answered the survey and of those, 32,9% (27 institutions) informed the existence of programs for prevention, assistance or guidance regarding the usage of alcohol, tobacco or other drugs. Of the 27 programs, 51,9% are part of the institutional pedagogical Project. The initiatives include prevention 81,5% (22 out of 27), related to guidance activities (44,4% and/or assistance (48,1%). The psycho pedagogic support groups exist in more than half institutions that have programs related to the usage of drugs. 18 programs were analyzed, all acting in prevention, but very distinct in range, target population and planned activities. Conclusions: Brazil does not have a legal requirement of the existence of projects with this focus. The percentage of schools with programs is small and the creation of programs of guidance on alcohol, tobacco and other drugs must be stimulated. A systematic evaluation of the internal and external programs is needed to identify effective results, and for that this evaluation must act on multiple fronts with an extended participation of the directive body, students, teachers, employees and community members. Besides supplying information, the programs must have an objective of contributing to the changing of attitudes and behaviors

Trata-se de um pesquisa avaliativa, de caráter qualitativo, que avaliou a qualidade da assistência em 27 serviços públicos de atenção à aids no estado de São Paulo. A assistência ambulatorial foi avaliada enquanto uma ação programática integrada às propostas ético normativas do Programa Nacional de DST/Aids, utilizando-se o conceito de organização tecnológica do trabalho tanto para a montagem dos instrumentos de avaliação, como categoria de análise. Os parâmetros programáticos utilizados foram: clareza na priorização, especificidade na apreensão e manipulação dos objetos, acoplamento amarrado de atividades, acessibilidade do alvo, foco de julgamento e avaliação e compreensão e adesão dos agentes às proposições éticas do Programa. O material empírico foi colhido através de entrevistas com os gerentes e observação do trabalho. A partir desse material, foram definidos como indicadores programáticos da assistência ambulatorial: o fluxo articulado e diversificado de alternativas assistenciais, o acolhimento dos pacientes novos, a atenção integral às gestantes, a abordagem da sexualidade, da concepção e da adesão ao tratamento, o encaminhamento dos pacientes difíceis, as abordagens psico-sociais e os mecanismos de integração da equipe. Os resultados indicaram que a organização tecnológica da assistência na média dos serviços conforma um modelo tecnológico de transição entre a assistência médica ambulatorial tradicional, tendo como eixo o trabalho médico especializado, e um modelo de atenção integral, centrado no trabalho multiprofissional e orientado pelo plano ético normativo do programa. A composição dos indicadores pode delimitar 3 grupos de qualidade, tecnologicamente distintos, tendo no grupo de melhor qualidade os serviços que têm conseguido avançar na radicalização de suas propostas assistenciais na direção dos compromissos éticos de promoção e emancipação dos sujeitos. Os resultados desta pesquisa estão sendo utilizados para validação de uma avaliação de qualidade dos ambulatórios públicos de assistência à aids em todo o Brasil. / Twenty-seven AIDS outpatient services from São Paulo State public health system, Brazil had their quality of care evaluated. Interviews with the managers and work observation were applied in all services. The approach was focused on the integration of the process of care through the following evaluation parameters: prioritization of relevant work targets; use of different and specific technical approaches; evaluation activities; health team integration, and communication between professionals and patients The analysis was carried out through the following empirical indicators: routine for the patients who missed appointments and/or interrupted the treatment, are pregnant or drug users and who had their first contact with the service, routine discussing sexuality, conception, and adherence; regular use of psychological and social approaches; regular mechanisms of integration among different professionals, e.g. meetings, case discussions and training; initiatives in enhancing dialogue with patients, e.g. discussion groups and with the community, e.g. ombudsman and cooperation with NGO; skills coping with non predictable situations, e.g. patients who frequently miss appointments or refuse the treatment or asked for other kinds of appointment routines; manager leadership in dealing with technical and ethical issues on team interaction. With the analysis of this indicator network it was possible to classify the 27 services in 3 levels of quality. These results are being used to establish criteria for the quality of care evaluation, which is being carried out on a national scale in the AIDS Brazilian Program.

O presente estudo se propõe a Identificar o número de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) que desenvolvem programas relacionados ao tema drogas nas áreas de ensino, prevenção e assistência e descrever o perfil de seus programas, além de conhecer como os alunos percebem a existência de ações de apoio à saúde, informações e ajuda sobre o consumo de drogas. Participaram do estudo 100 Instituições de Ensino Superior, localizadas nas 27 capitais dos estados brasileiros. Os alunos foram selecionados por sorteio sistemático das classes em cada instituição. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizados: pesquisa aos sites institucionais, questionário estruturado respondido pelos alunos, questionário semiestruturado respondido pela instituição e analise qualitativa pela técnica de análise de conteúdo dos programas. Apesar da maioria dos estudantes saber da existência de serviços atendimento de saúde direcionados aos alunos, poucos utilizam o serviço, enquanto 71% dos alunos referem não ter recebido informações referentes ao uso de drogas e seu impacto na saúde em sua escola, no último ano. Das 100 IES, 82 instituições responderam ao questionário e destas, 32,9% (27 instituições) informam a existência de programas de prevenção, assistência ou orientação ao uso de álcool, tabaco ou outras drogas. Dos 27 programas, 51,9% fazem parte do projeto pedagógico institucional. As ações incluem prevenção 81,5% (22 em 27) associada a atividades de orientação (44,4%) e/ou assistência (48,1%). Os núcleos de apoio psicopedagógico existem em mais de metade nas instituições que têm programas relacionados ao uso de drogas. Foram analisados 18 programas, todos atuam na área da prevenção, mas são muito diversificados em abrangência, população alvo e atividades planejadas. Conclusões: No Brasil não é uma exigência legal a existência de projetos que tenham esse foco. A porcentagem de escolas com programas é pequena e deve ser estimulada a criação de programação de orientação para álcool, tabaco e outras drogas. Uma avaliação sistematizada interna e externa dos programas é necessária para identificar resultados efetivos, e para isso devem atuar em múltiplas frentes com uma participação ampliada do corpo diretivo, estudantes, docentes, funcionários e membros da comunidade. Além de fornecer informações, os programas devem ter por objetivo contribuir para mudar as atitudes e comportamentos / This study\'s proposal is to identify the number of Higher Education Institutions (IES - Instituições de Ensino Superior) that develop programs related to the topic drugs in the areas of teaching, prevention and assistance, describe the profile of said programs, as well as learn how the students perceive the existence of initiatives on improving health, and providing information and support related to the consumption of drugs. 100 Higher Education Institutions participated on the study, 27 located in the capitals of the Brazilian states. The participating students classes were randomly chosen through computer-aided randomization in each institution. The utilized instruments for the collecting data were: searches on the institution websites, semi structured survey answered by the students, semi structured survey answered by the institution, and the qualitative analysis through the technique of program content analysis. Although most students knew about the existence of healthcare services directed to students, few utilized the service, while 71% of the students report for the last year not having received in their schools, information related to the usage of drugs and it\'s impact on health. Of the 100 IES, 82 institutions answered the survey and of those, 32,9% (27 institutions) informed the existence of programs for prevention, assistance or guidance regarding the usage of alcohol, tobacco or other drugs. Of the 27 programs, 51,9% are part of the institutional pedagogical Project. The initiatives include prevention 81,5% (22 out of 27), related to guidance activities (44,4% and/or assistance (48,1%). The psycho pedagogic support groups exist in more than half institutions that have programs related to the usage of drugs. 18 programs were analyzed, all acting in prevention, but very distinct in range, target population and planned activities. Conclusions: Brazil does not have a legal requirement of the existence of projects with this focus. The percentage of schools with programs is small and the creation of programs of guidance on alcohol, tobacco and other drugs must be stimulated. A systematic evaluation of the internal and external programs is needed to identify effective results, and for that this evaluation must act on multiple fronts with an extended participation of the directive body, students, teachers, employees and community members. Besides supplying information, the programs must have an objective of contributing to the changing of attitudes and behaviors

Trata-se de um pesquisa avaliativa, de caráter qualitativo, que avaliou a qualidade da assistência em 27 serviços públicos de atenção à aids no estado de São Paulo. A assistência ambulatorial foi avaliada enquanto uma ação programática integrada às propostas ético normativas do Programa Nacional de DST/Aids, utilizando-se o conceito de organização tecnológica do trabalho tanto para a montagem dos instrumentos de avaliação, como categoria de análise. Os parâmetros programáticos utilizados foram: clareza na priorização, especificidade na apreensão e manipulação dos objetos, acoplamento amarrado de atividades, acessibilidade do alvo, foco de julgamento e avaliação e compreensão e adesão dos agentes às proposições éticas do Programa. O material empírico foi colhido através de entrevistas com os gerentes e observação do trabalho. A partir desse material, foram definidos como indicadores programáticos da assistência ambulatorial: o fluxo articulado e diversificado de alternativas assistenciais, o acolhimento dos pacientes novos, a atenção integral às gestantes, a abordagem da sexualidade, da concepção e da adesão ao tratamento, o encaminhamento dos pacientes difíceis, as abordagens psico-sociais e os mecanismos de integração da equipe. Os resultados indicaram que a organização tecnológica da assistência na média dos serviços conforma um modelo tecnológico de transição entre a assistência médica ambulatorial tradicional, tendo como eixo o trabalho médico especializado, e um modelo de atenção integral, centrado no trabalho multiprofissional e orientado pelo plano ético normativo do programa. A composição dos indicadores pode delimitar 3 grupos de qualidade, tecnologicamente distintos, tendo no grupo de melhor qualidade os serviços que têm conseguido avançar na radicalização de suas propostas assistenciais na direção dos compromissos éticos de promoção e emancipação dos sujeitos. Os resultados desta pesquisa estão sendo utilizados para validação de uma avaliação de qualidade dos ambulatórios públicos de assistência à aids em todo o Brasil. / Twenty-seven AIDS outpatient services from São Paulo State public health system, Brazil had their quality of care evaluated. Interviews with the managers and work observation were applied in all services. The approach was focused on the integration of the process of care through the following evaluation parameters: prioritization of relevant work targets; use of different and specific technical approaches; evaluation activities; health team integration, and communication between professionals and patients The analysis was carried out through the following empirical indicators: routine for the patients who missed appointments and/or interrupted the treatment, are pregnant or drug users and who had their first contact with the service, routine discussing sexuality, conception, and adherence; regular use of psychological and social approaches; regular mechanisms of integration among different professionals, e.g. meetings, case discussions and training; initiatives in enhancing dialogue with patients, e.g. discussion groups and with the community, e.g. ombudsman and cooperation with NGO; skills coping with non predictable situations, e.g. patients who frequently miss appointments or refuse the treatment or asked for other kinds of appointment routines; manager leadership in dealing with technical and ethical issues on team interaction. With the analysis of this indicator network it was possible to classify the 27 services in 3 levels of quality. These results are being used to establish criteria for the quality of care evaluation, which is being carried out on a national scale in the AIDS Brazilian Program.

L'arthrite juvénile idiopathique (AJI) est une des maladies chroniques les plus prévalentes chez les adolescents au Canada (Levy & Twilt, 2017). Son diagnostic repose en grande partie sur l'examen musculosquelettique pédiatrique (MSQp). Or, il semble exister un besoin de développer de nouvelles stratégies pour son enseignement (Foster & Rapley, 2010), comme en démontre d’une part la faible confiance de plusieurs médecins de première ligne en leurs capacités à la réaliser (Jandial, Myers, Wise, & Foster, 2009), et d’autre part le fait que l’enseignement de cet examen est bien souvent absent du curriculum de base des facultés de médecine (Jandial, Rapley, & Foster, 2009). Chez les adultes, plusieurs programmes engageant des patients formateurs avec arthrite chronique ont été développés et ont démontré des bénéfices tant pour les apprenants que pour les patients eux-mêmes (Hassell, 2012). À notre connaissance, ce type de programme n'existe pas actuellement pour la population adolescente avec arthrite juvénile ou autre maladie chronique. Nous proposons de développer un programme de patients formateurs engageant des adolescents avec AJI pour permettre 1) de répondre à un besoin de formation spécifique et 2) d’inclure la perspective d’un groupe de patients sous-représentés en éducation médicale. Nous avons donc comme objectif principal d'explorer les facteurs et processus à prendre en considération dans la création, la mise en oeuvre éventuelle et l'évaluation de ce futur programme. En vue de répondre à cet objectif, nous avons adopté une méthodologie qualitative. Des entrevues semi-structurées ont été effectuées avec 19 adolescents atteints d'arthrite juvénile provenant de deux centres tertiaires pédiatriques canadiens. Le premier des trois articles composant cette thèse s'attarde à explorer les perceptions des adolescents avec arthrite juvénile sur leurs habiletés à enseigner en tant que patient formateur. Il apparaît que les adolescents se sentent habiletés à réaliser ce rôle essentiellement parce qu’ils reconnaissent avoir acquis un savoir expérientiel du fait de vivre avec leur maladie. Ces derniers souhaitent par ailleurs aller au-delà de l'enseignement de l'examen MSQp et désirent incorporer l'enseignement de leur expérience de la maladie ainsi que des aspects de la communication. L'importance d'intégrer ces messages éducatifs au futur programme afin qu'il reflète la vision des adolescents est discutée. Une fois la question de savoir « comment » les adolescents avec arthrite juvénile souhaitent s'engager comme patient formateur, nous nous intéressons à savoir « pourquoi » ils désireraient faire partie d'un tel programme. Notre deuxième article explore donc les diverses sources de motivation des adolescents à s'engager comme patient formateur à travers la lentille du cadre conceptuel d'auto-détermination (Ryan & Deci, 2000). Des thèmes associés à la motivation intrinsèque (s'aider soi-même, vivre une expérience de socialisation) et extrinsèque à régulation intégrée (défendre la cause, aider les autres) sont identifiés. Des facilitateurs et obstacles à l'engagement des adolescents sont aussi explorés. La pertinence d'incorporer ces divers éléments dans le développement du programme afin de s'assurer d'un bon niveau d'engagement des participants est discuté. Dans notre troisième et dernier article, nous proposons un cadre générique de développement et d'évaluation des programmes en sciences de la santé basé sur une revue de différents modèles dans la discipline plus large de l'évaluation de programme. Nous discutons par la suite de l'application de ce cadre spécifiquement au programme proposé de patients formateurs avec arthrite juvénile, et délimitons des facteurs et processus à prendre en compte lors de sa création, sa mise en oeuvre et son évaluation future, en lien avec les résultats obtenus. Nous concluons par une discussion sur les implications éducatives de cette étude doctorale et élaborons des pistes de recherche futures. / Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among adolescents in Canada (Levy & Twilt, 2017). Its diagnosis is largely based on the pediatric musculoskeletal examination (pMSK). However, there seems to be a need to develop new strategies for the pMSQ exam teaching (Foster & Rapley, 2010). In adults, several programs involving patient educators with chronic arthritis have been developed and have shown benefits for both learners and patients themselves (Hassell, 2012). To our knowledge, this type of program does not currently exist for the adolescent population with juvenile arthritis, or with other chronic illness. Therefore, we propose to develop a patient educator program engaging adolescents with JIA with the aims to 1) respond to a specific identified training need and 2) include the perspective of a group of underrepresented patients in medical education. Our main objective is to explore factors and processes that need to be considered in the creation, eventual implementation and evaluation of this future program. In order to meet this objective, we adopted a qualitative methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 adolescents with juvenile arthritis from two Canadian pediatric tertiary centers. The first article of this thesis focuses on exploring adolescents with JIA perceptions of their ability to teach as a patient educator. It appears that adolescents feel empowered to perform this role primarily because they recognize that they have acquired experiential knowledge by living with their illness. Teens also want to go beyond the MSQp exam teaching and incorporate teaching of their experience of the disease as well as aspects of communication. The importance of integrating these educational messages into the future curriculum to reflect adolescents' visions is discussed. Following the question of 'how' adolescents with juvenile arthritis envisage to be actively involved as patient educators, we then explore in more details 'why' they would 6 like to be part of such a program. Our second article therefore explores the various sources of motivation for adolescents to engage as patient educators through the lens of the self-determination conceptual framework (Ryan & Deci, 2000). Themes associated with intrinsic motivation (helping oneself, experiencing socialization) and extrinsic motivation (advocating for the cause, helping others) are identified. Facilitators and barriers to adolescents' engagement are also explored. The relevance of incorporating these various elements in the program development to ensure an adequate level of participants' commitment is discussed. In our third and final article, we propose a generic framework for curriculum development and evaluation in health sciences based on a review of different models in the broader discipline of program evaluation. We then discuss the application of this framework specifically to the proposed adolescents with juvenile arthritis patient educator program and delineate factors and processes that need to be considered in its creation, implementation, and future evaluation. We conclude with a discussion of this doctoral study's educational implications and development of future lines of research.

Denna rapport aterger arbetsprocessen kring att utvärdera geograskatjänster, och att utveckla karttillämpningar för nätverk av rikstäckande omfattning. Arbetet utfördes pa plats hos DGC, en datakommunikations-, tele- och nätoperatör som distribuerar kundförbindelser i hela Sverige där konsumenter ansluts till stamnätet. Uppgiften bestod av att utvärdera möjligheter till att slå upp koordinater för etablerade kundplatser, rita ut accessnätet i ett kartgränssnitt och ta fram ett eller flera stödverktyg för bland annat orderprocesser. Användningsfall utifrån önskemål, arkitekturmönster samt analys av yttre leverantörers tjänster för geocoding avgjorde hur det slutgiltiga systemet var utformat. Mjukvaran som utvecklades integrerades både i bentliga system och som ensamstående tillämpningar. En publicering/release genomfördes som avslutande moment i arbetet. I rapporten beskrivs hur kartläggning gjordes med hjälp av KML, hur geografisk data hanterades, utformningen av övervakningsverktyget som framtogs samt hur koordinater för adresser hämtades. / This thesis describes the process of analyzing and evaluating geographic services, and the development of map applications for nationwide networks. The project was performed at DGC, a datacommunications-, telephony- and networks operator which distributes customer access across Sweden where consumers are connected to the backbone network. In whole, the task consisted of an analysis regarding the possibilities of address-to-coordinate lookup for established customer sites, displaying the access network in a map interface and developing one or more tools, aimed at supporting order processes. Architecture patterns, use-cases construed from user requests and analysis of external provider services for geocoding determined the design of the solution. Software was partially integrated in existing systems, and partially distributed as stand-alone applications. The product was finalized with a release. Read further to get a description of the monitoring tool, network mapping with KML, dealing with geographic data, and also the process of fetching coordinates for addresses.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perceptions of critical strategies and challenges for shaping Masters' programs in public relations in California universities. Using a qualitative approach, this study reported the findings from Web site review and interviews with leaders at four California institutions offering graduate work in Public Relations. Four primary findings included: (1) Masters' degree programs in public relations fell into a wide range of disciplines and titles. (2) Close connections with industry practitioners strengthened curriculum and assessment. Connections often occurred through the use of practitioners as adjunct faculty, allowing current perspectives on public relations practices and use of media. (3) Experiential learning and authentic activities, both in the classroom and through internships, were critical. (4) Each program was designed to give students both the theoretical foundation and the practical application of the profession. These findings confirmed theoretic frameworks for ideal graduate education programs and professional frameworks from Public Relations Society of America. The study concludes with recommendations for practice. First, a high quality graduate program would include multiple perspectives from diverse faculty and participants. Second, a high quality graduate program would emphasize participatory cultures, incorporating a shared program direction, and a community of learners. The third attribute of a high quality graduate program in public relations would foster a community of learners. Planned breadth and depth course work would be the fourth important element. The last recommendation for developing and sustaining a high quality graduate program would be to attain or pursue adequate resources.