Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-12T14:16:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniojosenegreirosaraujo.pdf: 1895732 bytes, checksum: b14b0a28de5965d826a7eb8b2f58867c (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Renata, só confirme, por favor, se Enem se escreve assim mesmo porque eu sempre pensei que fosse sigla ENEM. Obrigada. on 2016-02-26T12:16:23Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-26T12:35:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniojosenegreirosaraujo.pdf: 1895732 bytes, checksum: b14b0a28de5965d826a7eb8b2f58867c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-03-03T14:01:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniojosenegreirosaraujo.pdf: 1895732 bytes, checksum: b14b0a28de5965d826a7eb8b2f58867c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T14:01:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniojosenegreirosaraujo.pdf: 1895732 bytes, checksum: b14b0a28de5965d826a7eb8b2f58867c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Uma das metas do milênio para o Brasil é a melhora dos indicadores educacionais. Embora nas últimas duas décadas o acesso à educação em todos os níveis tenha aumentado, a qualidade desse ensino ainda é considerada baixa segundo as avaliações de desempenho internas e externas. Nesse contexto, insere-se a educação profissional e tecnológica (EPT) de nível médio. Este tipo de formação pode ser realizada integrada ou subsequente ao ensino regular, assumindo, na maioria das vezes, um caráter de transição para as universidades, no primeiro caso, e, para o mercado de trabalho, no segundo. Nessa dissertação, a EPT será caracterizada quanto à composição de gênero, cor, modalidades de ensino, dependência administrativa, unidades da federação, oferta, demanda e número de residentes e não residentes, por meio da base de dados do Censo Escolar de 2007 a 2012. Estima-se, com base no método de pareamento com escore de propensão, o efeito médio da EPT sobre o desempenho escolar e a inserção produtiva para os tratados, ou melhor, para aqueles que optaram pela EPT. O desempenho escolar é medido pela proficiência nas provas de Ciências da Natureza, Ciências Humanas, Linguagem e Códigos, Matemática e Redação presentes na avaliação do ENEM em 2009 e 2010. A inserção produtiva é medida pelas probabilidades de estar trabalhando e de trabalhar na área para a qual se preparou. Essas variáveis foram criadas a partir do questionário socioeconômico do ENEM de 2009 e 2010. Pelo método de pareamento do “vizinho mais próximo”, o efeito médio de realizar EPT para os alunos que realizaram, em relação aos alunos da escola regular, é positivo e significativo nas notas de Linguagens e Códigos e Redação, respectivamente, de 4,48 e 13,44 pontos no escore padronizados. O método de estratificação confirma o efeito médio positivo, respectivamente, de 4,28 e 13,08 . O efeito médio de realizar EPT para aqueles que realizaram sobre a inserção produtiva está entre 1,2 e 1,3 pontos percentuais para a probabilidade de trabalhar e de 17 pontos percentuais para a probabilidade de trabalhar em área para o qual se preparou. Esses resultados referem-se ao modelo completo para 2009. / One of the millennium goals for Brazil is improving educational outcomes. Although the access to education at all levels has increased in the last two decades, the quality of Brazilian education is still considered low by internal and external evaluations. In this context, it is important to discuss the role of the vocational and technical education and training (VTET) of middle level. This type of training can be integrated or made subsequent to regular education. It the first case, it is characterized as a transition to the university, while in the second case, it improves the access to the labor market. In this dissertation, we explore the Censo Escolar database from years 2007 to 2012, and ENEM database, from years 2009-2010, both collected by Inep. This study evaluates the effects of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) on the mid-level proficiency and productive insertion of the student. The results of the estimates with propensity score matching show an average treatment effect between 4 and 13.5 points in the standardized score of Language and Writing, respectively. There are also significant effects on the productive insertion, on average, there is an increase between 1.2 and 1.3 percentage points in the probability of being employed, and 17 percentage points in the probability of being employed in their area of technical education and training, for TVET students comparing to other students.

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2017-09-06T20:23:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael dos Reis Costa - 2017.pdf: 2132575 bytes, checksum: 36e395f611d898ae6dc8ac7f39bca0a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-15T15:40:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael dos Reis Costa - 2017.pdf: 2132575 bytes, checksum: 36e395f611d898ae6dc8ac7f39bca0a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T15:40:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael dos Reis Costa - 2017.pdf: 2132575 bytes, checksum: 36e395f611d898ae6dc8ac7f39bca0a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-04 / The State School Program of Full Time, started in 2006 in the state of Goiás. It have 135 schools attended in 2013. This program offers cultural and sports activities, besides school reinforcement. The study intends to evaluate the project impacts on the academic performance in portuguese language and math of the 5th and 9th graders with data from the Brazil Proof (Prova Brasil) of 2013. To achieve this goal was used the method of propensity score matching. The results found point to non-significant effects in mathematics and portuguese language for the 5th graders. On the other hand, the 9th graders who study in schools that participated in the program before 2013 the effects are positive. Those in schools that started the program in 2013 did not have a significant difference in math, but did a negative and significant performance in comparison with the control group in portuguese language. / O Programa Escola Estadual de Tempo Integral, implementado desde 2006 no estado de Goiás, alcançou o número de 135 unidades escolares atendidas em 2013. Este programa oferece no contra turno atividades artísticas, culturais, esportivas, além do reforço escolar. O trabalho pretende avaliar o impacto do projeto sobre o desempenho escolar em português e matemática dos estudantes dos 5º e 9º anos com dados da Prova Brasil de 2013. Para alcançar este objetivo foi utilizado o método de propensity score matching. Os resultados encontrados apontam para efeitos não significativos em matemática e português para os alunos do 5º ano. Por outro lado, os alunos do 9º que estudam em escolas que participam do programa antes de 2013 apresentaram desempenho positivo. Aqueles que estão em escolas que começaram no programa em 2013 não tiveram efeito significativo em matemática, mas obtiveram um desempenho negativo e significativo na comparação com o grupo de controle em português.

A diversidade é uma característica central dos modos de vida rurais campesinos. As explicações para tal são principalmente duas. Por um lado, porque a diversificação de produtos e atividades pode promover ganhos econômicos e, por outro, porque reduz os riscos. A teoria de escolha racional prediz que unidades domésticas semiautárquicas buscariam maximizar uma função utilidade e, para isso, ao se integrarem ao mercado, tenderiam a se especializar nos produtos e nas atividades com maior retorno econômico. Contudo, em contextos de incerteza, como aqueles rurais remotos, estas unidades tenderiam a diversificar os produtos e as atividades de que dependem para tamponar eventuais flutuações no consumo e na renda. A esse respeito, resultados de estudos prévios que avaliaram o efeito da introdução de novas fontes de renda monetária sobre a diversidade de produtos e atividades baseados em recursos naturais que unidades domésticas rurais dependem são inconclusivos. Parte mostra que incrementos nas fontes de renda estão associados à redução na diversidade de atividades e produtos que as unidades domésticas dependem, enquanto outros indicam manutenção ou mesmo aumento da diversidade. Há, contudo, poucas evidências sobre os efeitos das transferências condicionadas de renda sobre o uso de recursos naturais por unidades domésticas rurais. Portanto, este estudo teve por objetivo investigar se as transferências de renda do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) estavam associadas à diversidade de produtos e fontes de renda baseados em recursos naturais que os domicílios rurais do Vale do Ribeira dependem. Para isso, o estudo baseou-se em um survey por entrevistas presenciais aos chefes (homem ou mulher) de 123 domicílios rurais. Os domicílios foram amostrados em oito setores censitários com concentração de pobreza e variabilidade no nível de cobertura florestal. Para a análise dos dados, foram adotados procedimentos descritivos, testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon e o método de Pareamento por Escore de Propensão. Os resultados indicaram que o PBF não teve efeitos significativos na diversidade de produtos agropecuários ou ambientais que os domicílios dependeram no último mês, ou no número de fontes de renda baseadas em recursos naturais. Possíveis explicações da ausência de efeitos passam por motivadores na base de tomada de decisão, limitações do delineamento adotado ou particularidades da localidade. A conclusão é que o PBF não afeta as decisões quanto à diversificação do uso de recursos naturais que dependem os domicílios rurais nos locais do estudo. / Diversity is a central feature of peasant rural livelihoods. The enlightenments for this are mainly two. On the one hand, the diversification of products and activities can promote economic improvements and, on the other hand, it can reduce risks. The theory of rational choice predicts that semi-autonomous domestic units would aim to maximize a utility function and, in order to do so, once market-integrated, would tend to specialize in the products and activities with the highest economic return. However, in contexts of uncertainty, such as in remote rural areas, these units would lean towards the diversification of products and activities they rely on, in order to overcome possible fluctuations in consumption and income. In this regard, results from previous studies that have evaluated the effect of introducing new sources of monetary income on the diversity of products and activities based on natural resources, which rural households depend on, are inconclusive. Part shows that increases in sources of income are associated with a reduction in the diversity of activities and products that households rely on, while others indicate maintenance or even an increase in diversity. There is, however, little evidence on the effects of conditional cash transfers on the usage of natural resources by rural households. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether income transfers from the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) were associated to the diversity of products and sources of income based on natural resources that rural households in the Ribeira Valley depend on. In order to do so, the study was based on a survey, applied by interviews held personally to family leaders (man or woman) of 123 rural households. Households were sampled within eight census tracts according to poverty concentration and variability at the level of forest cover. For the data analysis, were applied descriptive procedures, non-parametric Wilcoxon tests and the Method of Propensity Score. The results indicated that the PBF had no significant effect on the diversity of agricultural or environmental products that households relied on in the last month or on the number of natural resource-based sources of income. Possible explanations to this absence of effects go through motivators based on decision-making, limitations on the adopted proposal design, or particularities of the locality. The conclusion is that the PBF does not affect decisions regarding the diversification of the usage of natural resources that rural households at these study sites depend on.

This paper is dedicated to the empirical analysis of the pilot trainee project Stáže ve firmách, which is considered as treatment in this analysis. The main objective of the empirical analysis is estimation of average treatment effect(ATE) and average treatment effect on treated(ATET) for characteristics like socioeconomic status and wage. Counterfactual methods for policy impact evaluation like Difference in Differences Estimator(DiD), First Differences Estimator(FD) and Propensity Score Matching(PSM) are used to estimation mentioned effects. This paper contains extension of Assignment Problem that is used for people matching purposes as alternative for PSM. This way of matching provides better control over creation of couples. Resulting pairs are more similar in selected characteristics due to better control during couples creation process.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-18T13:47:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE_BRUNA DA NÓBREGA GERMANO_DIGITAL.pdf: 1843966 bytes, checksum: e3760059e9c9caf7b2b5e9854e1b340e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T13:47:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE_BRUNA DA NÓBREGA GERMANO_DIGITAL.pdf: 1843966 bytes, checksum: e3760059e9c9caf7b2b5e9854e1b340e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-14 / CAPEs / O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em avaliar se a política de gestão por resultados do Pacto pela educação – PPE gerou impacto nas escolas da rede pública estadual de Pernambuco que oferecem o ensino médio, no período de 2008 a 2013 (sendo 2011 o ano de implementação da política avaliada), considerando como indicadores de sucesso escolar os índices de aprovação e abandono, as notas médias obtidas no Sistema de Avaliação Educacional de Pernambuco – SAEPE em Língua Portuguesa e Matemática, e a nota média no Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação de Pernambuco – IDEPE. Como a implementação dessa política foi realizada com base em características observáveis e não de forma experimental, a análise desenvolvida neste estudo é fundamentada em dois métodos econométricos: pareamento com propensity score e diferenças em diferenças (DD). Dessa forma, são considerados dois cenários: no Cenário 1 apenas o método DD é aplicado; no Cenário 2 os dois métodos são combinados. No primeiro cenário, os resultados mostraram que o monitoramento pelo PPE gera impacto positivo e significativo considerando as notas médias no SAEPE e no IDEPE. Ou seja, a participação na política de gestão por resultados do PPE eleva a nota média das escolas nesses indicadores. Considerando os índices de aprovação e abandono, o monitoramento pelo PPE não exerce influência sobre os mesmos. O efeito do Programa de Educação Integral – PEI também precisou ser avaliado, uma vez que a política de gestão por resultados do PPE utilizou a participação neste programa como condicionante para o tratamento. Assim, no Cenário 1, o efeito da participação no PEI é significativo para os indicadores de fluxo escolar (maior aprovação e menor abandono) e para a nota média no IDEPE. No entanto, não há resultado significativo quando se avaliam as notas médias no SAEPE. É importante destacar que o IDEPE, fruto da multiplicação do índice de aprovação pelas notas médias no SAEPE, foi o único indicador para o qual se observou resultados positivos e significativos, tanto para o monitoramento pelo PPE quanto para a participação no PEI. Os resultados obtidos no Cenário 2, independente do critério de pareamento utilizado e do indicador avaliado, ratificaram aqueles já encontrados no Cenário 1, conferindo assim maior robustez à análise desenvolvida neste estudo. Avaliando as duas políticas conjuntamente, tem-se impactos positivos sobre a maior permanência dos alunos na escola, tanto para aos indicadores de fluxo escolar como para as notas médias no SAEPE. / This work aims to evaluate whether the management by results policy used by the Pacto pela Educação - PPE (Pact for Education) had any impacts on Pernambuco state funded (public) schools that offer secondary education (ensino médio), between the years of 2008 and 2013 - the mentioned policy began in 2011. The following indexes were used to measure school success: pass and dropout rates, average grades on SAEPE (Sistema de Avaliação Educacional de Pernambuco) in the subjects of portuguese and mathematics and average grades on IDEPE (Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação de Pernambuco). The policy was implemented based on observable characteristics and not in a experimental way, therefore the analysis will consist of the use of two econometric methods: Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Differences (DID). Two scenarios were considered: the first uses the DID method; the second combines the use of the Propensity Score Matching with the DID methods. In the first scenario, results show that PPE monitoring generates considerable, positive impact regarding average grades on SAEPE and IDEPE. In other words, participation in PPE's management by results policy results in a improvement of such indexes. As for pass and dropout rates, PPE has no influence on them. The effect of the Educação Integral program - PEI (Full Time Education program) also deserved attention since PPE's management by results policy required schools to be part of this program. So, in scenario 1, effects of PEI are significant in respect to pass and dropout rates (higher passing and lower dropout) and average grade on IDEPE. It was not possible to find, however, any significant improvement on SAEPE the average grades. It is important to highlight that IDEPE (which is the product of pass rates by average SAEPE grades) was the only index in which positive and significant results were observed for both PPE monitoring and PEI participation. The results of the second scenario, no matter which matching criteria is used or what index considered, corroborated with those already found on the first scenario, thus providing more substance to the analysis performed by this work. Seeing both policies combined, positive impacts are found when students stay in school for longer periods of time. This is true for pass and dropout rates as well as average performance of students on SAEPE.

The aim of the study is to compare health outcomes of migrants and the native German population, testing for the existence of a Healthy Immigrant Effect (HIE). The study contributes a broad theoretical analysis of the HIE and makes use of a wide spectrum of variables to model health (using the SF-12). The HIE is marked by an observed health advantage for migrants, when compared to the host population, which declines with the years since migration. Assessing different types of selection processes, it is assumed that mass migration to post-industrial countries is characterized by favouring the inflow of healthy individuals from weaker economies working in the low-wage sector due to the cost aspect of migration and differences in wages for adequate work. Socioeconomic and -structural differences of migrant and host population as well as psychosocial stressors like acculturation cause the deteroriation of the health adavantage with increasing years since migration. Using cross-sectional data from the 2016 wave of the Socio-Economic Panel this study compares health outcomes (generated from the SF-12) between recent migrants (≤ 10 years since migration), non-recent migrants (> 10 years since migration) and the German native population. Propensity score matching analyses reveal a health advantage for recent migrants compared to non-recent migrants as well as to the German native population, while non-recent migrants remain statistically indistinguishable from the native German population, implying a health assimilation effect.

The persistently high rate of repeat incarcerations poses a threat to the safety of lives and properties. The problem that led to this study was the prevailing high rate of repeat incarcerations in Nigeria, despite interventions to reduce their occurrences. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prisoner reentry programs in reducing reincarcerations of ex-prisoners. The focus of the research questions was on whether treatment and the type (faith- or non-faith-based) made a difference in a prisoner's reincarceration status after release. The theoretical foundation was based on the transtheoretical model of change. Reincarceration outcomes were analyzed for 818 prisoners who were released between January 2010 and December 2013 from 3 prisons located in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from the prison records on the reincarceration status of the subjects based on an at-risk period of 36 months after release. A propensity score matching procedure was used to select an equal number (n = 409) of treated subjects (those who participated in a prisoner reentry program) and untreated subjects (nonparticipants in the program). Findings from a Cox-regression analysis revealed that participating in any of the programs (faith- or non-faith-based) reduced reincarceration at a statistically significant level; however, there was no difference in reincarceration status based on the type of treatment received. Findings provide evidence that prisoner reentry programs can reduce reincarceration. With this knowledge, the reentry program providers may advocate more government supports for reentry activities. They may collaborate with the policymakers and legislators to develop strategies that will enhance the reintegration of ex-prisoners into communities and thereby prevent their return to crimes but ensure they are productive for themselves, their families and the community.

No description available.

No description available.

隨著全球化的發展，對外投資不僅在國際經貿中所扮演的角色愈來愈重要，型態也愈來愈多元，呈現出與過去大不相同的特性與風貌。這樣的發展趨勢，再度引起學者對廠商對外投資的影響效果產生興趣。過去有關對外投資影響效果的文獻，主要是以探討對外投資對地主國經濟發展的影響為主，探討對母國或母公司影響的文獻則不多，特別是開發中國家的廠商對外投資對母國影響的研究更是付之闕如。為了彌補此方面文獻之不足，本研究利用台灣製造業1987-2003年的廠商資料來探討廠商對外投資對其技術升級之影響。 廠商對外投資對母國經濟影響的相關議題在台灣一直受到持續的關注，1991年政府開放廠商赴大陸投資之後，該議題更是引發熱切的討論。部分學者擔憂廠商對外投資後將造成國內產業的空洞化；但有另一部分的學者則主張，台灣只要持續技術升級及產業升級就可避免空洞化的危機。有鑑於此，本研究利用三個經濟指標，研發支出、生產力與效率，及技能提升(skill-upgrading)來檢驗不具競爭優勢的產業或附加價值鏈外移，是否有利於台灣進行技術升級。 本研究首先建立了一個理論模型來探討廠商對外投資對其國內研發活動的影響。研究結果顯示，廠商對外投資對其國內的研發支出可能同時產生兩個相反的影響效果，即互補效果及替代效果。互補效果主要來自於廠商對外投資後的「規模擴大效果」，而替代效果的發生則會因廠商對外投資動機之不同，而有不同的來源管道。 本研究實證模型的創新之處在於利用propensity score matching的配對方式搭配difference-in-differences的估計方法來控制實證研究中常會出現的自我選擇誤差(self-selection bias)及互為因果(causality)的問題。本研究採用了四種不同的配對方式來建構對外投資廠商的配對樣本，並發現Nearest available matching within calipers的配對方式可以產生最佳的配對效果，在不犧牲太多樣本數的情況下，顯著縮小對外投資廠商在對外投資前與無對外投資廠商的特性差距。 本研究的實證結果發現，僅管對外投資廠商，特別是赴開發中國家投資的廠商可能對母國的就業造成不利的衝擊，但卻能夠顯著提高母國的研發支出、技術效率及勞工技能，顯示廠商對外投資確實有助於台灣的技術升級。研究結果認為台灣政府應重新思考產業政策及社會福利政策的制定方向，以解決這些新的經濟議題。 / Foreign direct investment has played an increasingly important role in the world economy and, as a consequence, an immense amount of research has investigated its determinants and effects. However, while previous studies have focused on the impact of inward FDI on the host countries, there has been relatively little research on the impact of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on the home countries in general, and on developing economies (LDCs) in particular. To fill this gap in the literature, this thesis investigates the home-country effects of the OFDI activity of Taiwanese manufacturing firms. To be specific, the impact of OFDI on the investing firms’ domestic R&D spending, productivity and efficiency, employment and skill-upgrading is examined. A theoretical model is developed to examine the relationship between OFDI and domestic R&D activity. It is shown that OFDI could induce two opposing effects on domestic R&D spending, namely, a complementary effect and a substitution effect. The complementary effect arises mainly due to the “sales-increasing effect” of overseas investment. Substitution effects might arise from different channels depending on FDI motives. Firm-level panel data covering the period 1987-2003 are used in the empirical analysis. The novelty in this thesis is the application of a propensity score matching approach combined with the difference-in-differences method to control for the possible selection bias related to the empirical analysis. Four different matching methods are used to construct matched samples of Taiwan’s OFDI firms. The empirical results reveal that, although Taiwanese overseas investment, especially the investment in LDCs, reduces domestic employment, it stimulates investing firms’ domestic R&D spending, technology efficiency and skill intensity. This implies that while the OFDI activity of Taiwanese firms has brought about a positive effect on their technological upgrading, which is beneficial to the industrial development and resource allocation of the economy, the recent increase in the unemployment in Taiwan could to some extent be attributed to the OFDI activity. It also suggests that the Taiwanese government might need to reconsider its industrial policy as well as social welfare policy in order to deal with these new economic issues.